OTTO HYSLOP SR V JENNIE DENISE WOJJUSIK
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
OTTO HYSLOP, SR., and HELEN HYSLOP,
FOR PUBLICATION
August 13, 2002
9:05 a.m.
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v
No. 230279
Grand Traverse Circuit Court
LC No. 98-018111-NO
JENNIE DENISE WOJJUSIK,
Defendant-Appellant,
and
JUDY ANN CHAMPLIN,
Updated Copy
October 25, 2002
Defendant.
Before: Murray, P.J., and Murphy and Kelly, JJ.
KELLY, J.
Defendant Jennie Denise Wojjusik appeals as on leave granted1 from an order entered by
the trial court denying her motion to quash the third summons and for summary disposition. We
reverse.
I. Basic Facts and Procedural History
The essential facts are undisputed. On October 2, 1998, plaintiffs filed their complaint
alleging negligence and loss of consortium arising out of a motor vehicle accident that occurred
on October 27, 1995, in which defendant, the driver of the vehicle, struck a vehicle driven by
1
This Court originally denied defendant Wojjusik's application for leave to appeal. Hyslop v
Wojjusik, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals, issued February 2, 2000 (Docket No.
222858). She then applied for leave to appeal to the Michigan Supreme Court, which, in lieu of
granting leave to appeal, remanded the case to us for consideration as on leave granted pursuant
to MCR 7.302(F)(1). Hyslop v Wojjusik, 463 Mich 889 (2000). Hereinafter, we shall refer to
defendant Wojjusik as "defendant" in the singular unless otherwise indicated in light of the fact
that defendant Champlin is not involved in this appeal, nor instrumental in the proceedings
below.
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plaintiffs' son and in which plaintiff Otto Hyslop, Sr., was a passenger. The first summons,
issued upon the filing of plaintiffs' complaint, expired on January 1, 1999.
On December 23, 1998, plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the trial court issue a new
summons and permit plaintiffs to achieve service on defendant by publication pursuant to MCR
2.106 and MCR 2.105(I). Plaintiffs argued that they were unable to locate defendant and could
not effectuate service in accord with MCR 2.105(A). In addition to their motion for publication,
plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the trial court issue a new summons. Referencing the
motion for alternate service by publication, plaintiffs argued that they could not achieve service
on defendant before the summons expired.
By order dated January 8, 1999, the trial court directed that a new summons issue with an
April 30, 1999, expiration date. At this point in the proceedings, the original summons expired.
However, even though the trial court had not yet rendered a ruling or entered an order allowing
plaintiffs to serve defendant by publication, the order issued by the trial court indicated that the
expiration date contained in the second summons would allow sufficient time for plaintiffs to
achieve service by publication. In accordance with the trial court's order, a second summons,
effective January 8, 1999, until April 30, 1999, issued.
On January 19, 1999, the trial court held a hearing on plaintiffs' motion for service by
publication and thereafter denied plaintiffs' request for relief, directing plaintiffs to make
additional investigation into defendant's whereabouts.
On April 13, 1999, plaintiffs filed a motion to allow a first amended complaint to add
Judy Ann Champlin, owner of the vehicle the defendant was driving at the time of the accident,
as a party defendant. In addition, plaintiffs filed motions requesting an order allowing service of
process by publication and requesting that the trial court authorize the clerk to issue a new
summons.
On April 19, 1999, the trial court heard oral argument on plaintiffs' motions. By order
dated April 23, 1999, the trial court permitted plaintiffs to file a first amended complaint and also
permitted plaintiffs to achieve service on defendant by publication. Moreover, the trial court
ruled that a new summons with a July 30, 1999, expiration date should issue. The order allowing
service by publication directed plaintiffs to publish notice within fifteen days from entry of the
order and to thereafter publish once a week for three consecutive weeks.2 The order further
directed defendant to answer by June 15, 1999. In accordance with the trial court's ruling, a
"third" summons, effective April 26, 1999, until July 30, 1999, issued.
Defendant's counsel filed a limited appearance and a motion to quash the third summons
and to dismiss the case on the grounds that the trial court lacked the authority to issue a third
summons under MCR 2.102(D) and, therefore, a dismissal was required pursuant to MCR
2.102(E). Defendant further cited MCR 2.116(C)(1), (2), and (3) in support of summary
disposition.
2
The order also required plaintiffs to serve the complaint and order on defendant's stepfather.
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On July 8, 1999, the trial court heard defendant's motion to quash and for summary
disposition. The trial court denied the motion. The trial court reasoned that pursuant to MCR
2.102(D), it had the authority to extend the life of the second summons up to one year from the
date that plaintiffs filed their complaint. The trial court explained its reluctance to extend the
summons to the fullest extent lest the parties procrastinate and create unfounded delay in the
proceedings. The trial court further explained that it would not dismiss the case on the basis of a
hypertechnical reading of the court rule. The trial court noted that the "third" summons is more
appropriately characterized as nothing more than an extension or amendment of the second
summons. To that end, the trial court stated that the "best way to interpret [MCR 2.102(D)] . . .
would be to interpret [it] as authorizing subsequent efforts or subsequent refreshing of the
summons at the discretion of the Court upon good cause shown." The trial court denied
defendant's motion to quash the summons and dismiss plaintiffs' complaint. Defendant moved
for reconsideration and the trial court, finding no palpable error, denied defendant's motion.
Defendant now appeals as on leave granted.
II. Standard of Review
This Court reviews interpretation of the court rules de novo. In re Gosnell, 234 Mich
App 326, 333; 594 NW2d 90 (1999). The rules governing statutory interpretation apply equally
to the interpretation of court rules. Yudashkin v Holden, 247 Mich App 642, 649; 637 NW2d
257 (2001). If the plain and ordinary meaning of the language employed is clear, then judicial
construction is neither necessary nor permitted, and unless explicitly defined, every word or
phrase should be accorded its plain and ordinary meaning, considering the context in which the
words are used. Id. at 649-650. This Court reviews de novo a trial court's ruling on a motion for
summary disposition. Spiek v Dep't of Transportation, 456 Mich 331, 337; 572 NW2d 201
(1998).
III. Analysis
Defendant argues that the trial court lacked the authority to issue a third summons under
MCR 2.102(D) and MCR 2.102(E) and, thus, that the trial court was required to dismiss
plaintiffs' complaint without prejudice. We agree.
MCR 2.102(A), (C), (D), and (E) respectively provide in relevant part:
(A) On the filing of a complaint, the court clerk shall issue a summons to
be served as provided in MCR 2.103 and 2.105. . . .
(C) At any time on terms that are just, a court may allow process or proof
of service of process to be amended, unless it clearly appears that to do so would
materially prejudice the substantive rights of the party against whom the process
issued. An amendment relates back to the date of the original issuance or service
of process unless the court determines that relation back would unfairly prejudice
the party against whom the process issued.
(D) A summons expires 91 days after the date the complaint is filed.
However, within that 91 days, on a showing of good cause, the judge to whom the
action is assigned may order a second summons to issue for a definite period not
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exceeding 1 year from the date the complaint is filed. If such an extension is
granted, the new summons expires at the end of the extended period. . . .
(E)(1) On the expiration of the summons as provided in subrule (D), the
action is deemed dismissed without prejudice as to a defendant who has not been
served with process as provided in these rules, unless the defendant has submitted
to the court's jurisdiction. . . . [Emphasis added.]
A plain and ordinary reading of MCR 2.102 does not provide the authority to issue a socalled "third" summons. Rather, MCR 2.102(D) authorizes the court clerk to issue a summons
upon the filing of a complaint, which summons remains in effect for ninety-one days from the
date that it was issued, and authorizes the trial court, upon good cause shown and within the
ninety-one-day period, to issue a second summons for a definite period, not to exceed one year
from the date that the original complaint was filed. MCR 2.102(D) makes it abundantly clear
that when the "definite period" contained in the second summons passes, then the new summons
"expires." And, according to the unequivocal language set forth in MCR 2.102(E)(1), "the action
is deemed dismissed without prejudice." In the case sub judice, the second summons expired by
its own terms on April 30, 1999.
Plaintiffs argue that because MCR 2.102(D) references the "extension" of a summons in
relation to the issuance of a second summons, the second summons is thus merely an extension
of the original. Plaintiffs contend that the "third" summons at issue is simply a supplementary
extension of the original or a first extension of the second. Alternatively, plaintiffs submit that in
accord with MCR 2.102(C), this "third" summons may be considered as an amendment of the
second summons. We disagree.
Plaintiffs could only extend the original summons by filing a motion within the initial
ninety-one-day period. MCR 2.102(D). In the instant case, the initial ninety-one days lapsed on
January 1, 1999. Within that initial ninety-one-day period, counsel properly filed a motion to
extend the summons. Exercising its discretion, the trial court issued a second summons with a
definite expiration date. After January 1, 1999, the initial summons was no longer valid and the
second was only valid until April 30, 1999.
Nothing in MCR 2.102(D) provides that filing a motion to extend the second summons
before it expires revives the original. Consequently, plaintiffs only had until April 30, 1999, to
serve process upon defendant before the case was "deemed dismissed without prejudice." MCR
2.101(E). The trial court's realization in hindsight that it did not provide sufficient time for
plaintiffs to successfully secure process does not justify disregarding MCR 2.102(D), which does
not provide any authority, either express or implied, to issue a "third" summons or to extend the
life of the second. Indeed, to accept plaintiffs' position, this Court would have to completely
ignore the April 30, 1999, expiration date clearly delineated in the second summons.
Plaintiffs further contend that Durfy v Kellogg, 193 Mich App 141; 483 NW2d 664
(1992), provides authority for the trial court to extend the life of the second summons provided
that counsel makes the requisite motion and the third summons issues before the second
summons expires. We do not agree, because a close reading of Durfy does not support plaintiffs'
position.
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In Durfy, the plaintiff filed a complaint five days before the period specified in the statute
of limitations expired on the plaintiff 's claim. On the same day, the clerk issued a summons.
Three weeks thereafter, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint and the clerk erroneously issued
a second summons that provided for a new expiration date calculated from the time the plaintiff
filed the amended complaint. After the date on which the original summons would have expired
but before the expiration date listed on the second summons, the plaintiff secured an extension
from the trial court. Thereafter, the plaintiff achieved service on the defendant before the "third"
summons expired.3 The defendant challenged the validity of service contending that the plaintiff
did not effectuate service before the initial summons expired. The trial court agreed and
dismissed the plaintiff 's claim without prejudice.
On appeal, the Durfy Court agreed with the trial court and determined that the "plaintiff
was obligated to obtain the extension on the life of the summons, before the date the original
summons would have expired." Id. at 143. The Durfy Court held that MCR 2.102(D) requires a
plaintiff seeking an extension to file the proper motion within the life of the original summons,
id. at 144, and that the failure to do so divests the trial court of the authority under the court rule
to extend the summons. Id. at 144-145.
In the case at bar, the trial court granted plaintiffs an extension until April 30, 1999, to
serve defendant. After the original summons expired, but before April 30, 1999, plaintiffs
requested that the trial court issue a "third" summons to allow service by publication. Even
though plaintiffs filed the proper motion before the second summons expired, the original
summons had already lapsed. MCR 2.102(D) does not confer on the trial court the authority to
revive the initial summons by extending the second. When they secured the extension, plaintiffs
had to effect service before the second summons expired. Because plaintiffs could not effect
service before the second summons expired, their claim was thus "deemed dismissed without
prejudice." MCR 2.102(E).
To be sure, a second summons may extend the life of the original summons for up to one
year after the filing of the complaint. However, the trial court was reluctant to do so lest the
parties procrastinate and effect unnecessary delay. In fact, a review of the record reveals the trial
court's frustration with this "extremely old case" and not being able to "get the tires to bite the
pavement" in this case. Certainly, the trial court could have provided for an October 2, 1999,
expiration date on the second summons. The trial court, however, elected not to do so. To move
the litigation forward, the trial court issued a second summons and required that plaintiffs
achieve service on defendant by April 30, 1999. Because plaintiffs were not able to effectuate
service by the April 30, 1999, expiration date, the second summons expired by its own terms and
"the action [was] deemed dismissed without prejudice." MCR 2.101(E). To ignore the
expiration date contained in the second summons and to permit successive extensions right up
3
The first summons was the original summons issued contemporaneously with the first
complaint, the second summons was the one issued erroneously by the clerk when the plaintiff
filed an amended complaint, and the third was the extension granted by the trial court after the
date that the original summons would have expired but before the expiration date contained in
the one erroneously issued by the clerk.
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until one year following the filing of the complaint would do very little to avoid unnecessary
delay in the litigation process.
Because MCR 2.102 did not provide the authority to issue a "third summons," we find
that the trial court erred in this regard. Further, because defendant was not served until after the
second summons expired, the trial court should have dismissed the complaint without prejudice
pursuant to MCR 2.102(E).
Reversed.
Murray, P.J., concurred.
/s/ Christopher M. Murray
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
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