IN RE ASHLEY WENTWORTH
Annotate this Case
Download PDF
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
In the Matter of Ashley Wentworth, a minor.
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
FOR PUBLICATION
June 4, 2002
9:10 a.m.
Petitioner-Appellee,
v
No. 225148
Oakland Circuit Court
Family Division
LC No. 99-621085-DL
ASHLEY WENTWORTH,
Respondent-Appellant.
Updated Copy
August 30, 2002
Before: K.F. Kelly, P.J., and Hood and Doctoroff, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Respondent appeals as of right an order of disposition entered following delinquency
proceedings in which the family court determined that respondent, a minor, committed seconddegree criminal sexual conduct (CSC II) with a six-year-old minor, MCL 750.520c(1)(a).
Respondent raises several issues, including a constitutional challenge to the registration and
public notification requirements of the Sex Offenders Registration Act (SORA), MCL 28.721 et
seq. We affirm.
I
Respondent first argues that MCL 750.520c is unconstitutional because it improperly
shifts the burden of proof to an accused to rebut a presumption that a particular touch can be
reasonably construed as being for the purpose of sexual gratification or arousal. The
constitutionality of a statute is a question of law that we review de novo. People v Jensen (On
Remand), 231 Mich App 439, 444; 586 NW2d 748 (1998).
Statutes are presumed constitutional, and courts must construe statutes as constitutional
unless the unconstitutionality of a statute is clearly apparent. People v Hubbard (After Remand),
217 Mich App 459, 483-484; 552 NW2d 493 (1996). The party challenging the statute has the
burden of proving its unconstitutionality. People v Trinity, 189 Mich App 19, 21; 471 NW2d
-1-
626 (1991). A statute is not unconstitutional merely because it is undesirable, unfair, or unjust.
In re Juvenile Commitment Costs, 240 Mich App 420; 613 NW2d 348 (2000).
In People v Piper, 223 Mich App 642, 647; 567 NW2d 483 (1997), we rejected the
argument that the statute at issue in this case shifted the burden of proof to the accused. We
found that the statute merely requires the prosecution to establish an intentional contact that
could reasonably be construed as being for a sexual purpose, and therefore, does not shift the
burden of proof. Id. See also People v Fisher, 77 Mich App 6, 13; 257 NW2d 250 (1977);
People v Brewer, 101 Mich App 194, 195-196; 300 NW2d 491 (1980).
Respondent counters that MCL 750.520c not only places a burden on her but that the
burden, as applied to this case, was unbearable, citing Mullaney v Wilbur, 421 US 684; 95 S Ct
1881; 44 L Ed 2d 508 (1975). However, in Piper, we distinguished Mullaney because under the
challenged law in that case, the defendant had the burden of establishing by a preponderance of
the evidence that the killing was committed in the heat of passion on sudden provocation to
mitigate felonious homicide to manslaughter. Piper, supra at 647, n 2. Conversely, we held that
MCL 750.520c placed no such burden on the defendant. Id. Respondent's reliance on Mullaney
is misplaced, and her constitutional challenge to this statute fails.
II
Respondent next argues that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to admit her
witness as an expert to provide testimony regarding alternative motivation for sexual contact
because she was not qualified in the field of child sexual abuse. We review a trial court's
decision regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony for an abuse of discretion.
People v Peebles, 216 Mich App 661, 667; 550 NW2d 589 (1996).
MRE 702 governs the admissibility of expert testimony. Under this rule, evidence is
admissible if it complies with a three-part test. People v Beckley, 434 Mich 691, 711; 456 NW2d
391 (1990). First, the expert must be qualified. Second, the evidence must provide the trier of
fact a better understanding of the evidence or assist in determining a fact in issue. Finally, the
evidence must be from a recognized discipline. Id.
We find that the trial court committed no evidentiary error because it correctly held that
the witness was not qualified as an expert. Because this was a bench trial, the witness would not
have assisted the trial court in determining the ultimate issue in this case or determining a fact in
issue, nor would the testimony have provided the trial court with a better understanding of the
evidence. Id.
III
Respondent also raises constitutional challenges to the SORA. In her first argument,
respondent claims that the SORA unconstitutionally deprives her of liberty interests without due
process of law.
-2-
"A state may not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process."
Tolksdorf v Griffith, 464 Mich 1, 7; 626 NW2d 163 (2001); People v Kevorkian, 447 Mich 436,
464; 527 NW2d 714 (1994); US Const, Am XIV; Const 1963, art 1, ยง 17. Therefore, in order to
prevail on her due process argument, respondent must show that the SORA deprives her of a
protected liberty or property interest. Lanni v Engler, 994 F Supp 849, 855 (ED Mich, 1998).
We note, however, that "'the full panoply of constitutional rights'" does not apply to a juvenile
proceeding, and the standard for due process is fundamental fairness. In re Whittaker, 239 Mich
App 26, 28; 607 NW2d 387 (1999), quoting People v Hana, 443 Mich 202, 225; 504 NW2d 166
(1993).
Pursuant to the SORA, a juvenile for whom an order of disposition is entered for
commission of one of several sex offenses,1 is required to register with the local law enforcement
agency. MCL 28.722(a)(iii) and 28.723(1)(a); In re Ayres, 239 Mich App 8, 15; 608 NW2d 132
(1999). When our Legislature first enacted the SORA in 1994, the act simply required that
offenders register with local law enforcement agencies. People v Pennington, 240 Mich App
188, 191; 610 NW2d 608 (2000). In 1999, in response to a federal mandate, the Legislature
amended the SORA adding public notification provisions. Under that amendment, the
Department of State Police is charged with maintaining a computer database that allows persons
living within the same zip code as an offender to access information that includes the offender's
name, address, physical description, and the offense. Id.; MCL 28.728(2). A juvenile offender is
initially exempt from inclusion within the public database; however, for CSC II violations, that
exemption ends when the individual becomes eighteen years old. MCL 28.728(2). In addition,
because the defendant in this case violated MCL 750.520c(1)(a), she is required to register for
life. MCL 28.725(7)(b).
In Lanni, supra, the United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, addressed
this issue and concluded that the SORA does not violate a convicted sex offender's due process
rights. Lanni, supra at 855.
The Act merely compiles truthful, public information and makes it more
readily available. To the extent that plaintiff may suffer injury to his reputation or
loss of employment opportunities, such injuries are purely speculative on the
present record. Moreover, this Court finds that any detrimental effects that may
flow from the Act would flow most directly from plaintiff 's own misconduct and
private citizen's reaction thereto, and only tangentially from state action. [Id.]
The Lanni court further found that, even if the SORA resulted in a deprivation of liberty or
property, due process would not alleviate the alleged deprivation because the local law
enforcement agency had no discretion to determine which sex offenders would be subject to the
act. Id. In Ayres, supra, a panel of this Court agreed with and adopted the analysis of Lanni in
the context of determining whether the SORA constitutes cruel or unusual punishment. Ayres,
supra at 18.
1
CSC II, MCL 750.520c, is included as one of the listed offenses. MCL 28.722(d)(ix).
-3-
We likewise agree with the Lanni court that no due process rights are implicated by the
SORA. The SORA did not deprive respondent of liberty. Any deprivation respondent suffered
flowed not from the act, but from her own misconduct that resulted in the juvenile disposition.
Id. Injury to a person's reputation is not a protected liberty or property interest. Paul v Davis,
424 US 693, 711-712; 96 S Ct 1155, 47 L Ed 2d 405 (1976); Siegert v Gilley, 500 US 226, 233234; 111 S Ct 1789; 114 L Ed2d 277 (1991). Further, even if the SORA deprived respondent of
liberty, she was afforded due process, i.e., notice and an opportunity to be heard, through the
family court proceedings before entry of the order of disposition. See Haddad v Fromson, 154 F
Supp 2d 1085, 1096 (WD Mich, 2001). Consequently, we conclude that respondent failed to
show that the SORA deprives her of due process liberty interests.
Respondent also claims that the SORA deprives her of her constitutional right to privacy
because public dissemination of her personal data will damage her reputation and prevent her
from obtaining employment. However, as noted above, reputational interests have not been
accorded the same level of protection in our society as interests that are deemed to be "'implicit
in the concept of ordered liberty.'" Paul, supra at 713 (citation omitted). Further, the
information made public by the SORA is already a matter of public record and, therefore, no
privacy rights are implicated. Although public notification may ultimately result in ostracism,
that effect is not so inevitable as to be deemed to have been imposed by the law itself. Ayres,
supra. Respondent cannot establish a legitimate privacy interest in preventing compilation and
dissemination of truthful information that is already a matter of public record. Lanni, supra at
856. See also Akella v Michigan Dep't of State Police, 67 F Supp 2d 716, 728-729 (ED Mich,
1999).
Respondent argues that because the Michigan courts have not addressed a due process
claim regarding juveniles,2 we should adopt the holding of the New Jersey Supreme Court in
Doe v Poritz, 142 NJ 1; 662 A2d 367 (1995), that was followed by the Massachusetts Supreme
Judicial Court in Doe v Attorney General, 426 Mass 136; 686 NE2d 1007 (1997). Because
decisions of these courts are only persuasive authority and are not binding on this Court, People
v Jamieson, 436 Mich 61, 86-87; 461 NW2d 884 (1990), we decline to follow these cases.
Further, we disagree with the conclusions reached by the court in Poritz that public disclosure of
information that is readily available to the public implicates a privacy right, or that the alleged
harm to an offender's privacy or reputation caused by public disclosure constitutes a protectible
liberty interest so that further due process (i.e., a hearing) is required. Poritz, supra at 81-86, 98100, 102-106.
2
Respondent appears to be correct in her assertion that her due process arguments present an
issue of first impression. This Court has addressed whether the SORA (1) violates the Ex Post
Facto Clauses of the Michigan and United States Constitutions, Pennington, supra; (2)
constitutes cruel or unusual punishment, Ayres, supra; (3) violates equal protection rights,
Whittaker, supra; and (4) applies to offenders sentenced pursuant to the Youthful Trainee Act,
MCL 762.11 et seq.; People v Rahilly, 247 Mich App 108; 635 NW2d 227 (2001). However, we
have yet to determine whether the act implicates due process rights.
-4-
We conclude that the requirements of the SORA are not an unconstitutional infringement
of respondent's protected liberty, property, or privacy interests, and that the state is not required
to engage in due process beyond that afforded in respondent's juvenile court proceedings before
including information about respondent in the public database of registered sex offenders.
IV
Finally, respondent argues that the SORA violates the exclusive jurisdiction of the family
division of the circuit court over juveniles. We disagree. Because respondent is under the age of
seventeen and violated a law of this state, she is under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the
family division of the circuit court. MCL 712A.2(a)(1).
Contrary to respondent's argument, the registration requirements of the SORA do not
confer jurisdiction to the Michigan State Police over juveniles; rather, the act merely uses the
law enforcement agency to implement and enforce the law. Thus, the SORA does not violate the
exclusive jurisdiction of the family division of the circuit court over juveniles.
V
Although we hold that the SORA is not an unconstitutional deprivation of respondent's
liberty or privacy interests, we express our concern over the draconian nature of this act. As
noted above, under the requirements of the SORA, respondent's registration would remain
confidential while she remains a juvenile; however, once she reaches the age of majority, that
information would be added to the public database and would remain there for the rest of her life.
Although we do not debate the seriousness of the circumstances surrounding the offense in this
particular case, we question the propriety of publicly and permanently labeling juveniles as
convicted sex offenders. Traditionally, our justice system has distinguished between juvenile
delinquency and adult criminal conduct. MCL 712A.1(2), which confers jurisdiction over
juveniles on the family division of the circuit courts, specifically states that "proceedings under
this chapter are not criminal proceedings." MCL 712A.23 also limits the admissibility of
juvenile records in both criminal and civil proceedings in an attempt to "hide youthful errors
from the full glare of the public . . . ." People v Poindexter, 138 Mich App 322, 326; 361 NW2d
346 (1984). The public notification provisions of the SORA appear to conflict with our
traditional reluctance to criminalize juvenile offenses and our commitment to keep juvenile
records confidential.
In Ayres, supra, we held that the juvenile registration requirements of the SORA did not
constitute cruel or unusual punishment in part because juveniles were exempt from the public
notifications requirements of the act. Ayres, supra at 20-21. We also concluded "[i]n light of the
existence of strict statutory safeguards that protect the confidentiality of registration data
concerning juvenile sex offenders" that the act did not offend the premise of our juvenile justice
system that "a reformed adult should not have to carry the burden of a continuing stigma for
youthful offenses." Id. at 21. However, the recent amendment of the statute removing those
confidentiality safeguards raises questions about the continuing validity of our holding in Ayres.
Because respondent did not raise this issue on appeal, we will not address it in this opinion.
People v Brown, 239 Mich App 735, 748; 610 NW2d 234 (2000). Instead, we invite the
-5-
Legislature to reconsider whether the implied purpose of the act, public safety, is served by
requiring an otherwise law-abiding adult to forever be branded as a sex offender because of a
juvenile transgression.
Affirmed.
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
/s/ Harold Hood
/s/ Martin M. Doctoroff
-6-
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.