Potter v. Schafter

211 A.2d 891 (1965)

Barry M. POTTER and Sandra Potter v. Sidney R. SCHAFTER.

Supreme Judicial Court of Maine.

July 23, 1965.

Theodore Kurtz, Portland, for appellants.

Richard D. Hewes, Portland, for appellee.

Before WILLIAMSON, C. J., and WEBBER, TAPLEY, MARDEN and RUDMAN, JJ.

*892 MARDEN, Justice.

On appeal. Plaintiff Barry M. Potter was injured in a motor vehicle accident due to alleged negligence of the defendant. In a complaint to recover for his injuries, his wife, Sandra Potter joins and in Count II of the complaint seeks to recover for her loss of consortium occasioned by her husband's injuries. Defendant's motion to dismiss Count II was granted. Plaintiffs appeal.

At common law, upon which basis our judicature rests, the plaintiff-wife has no such cause of action. 27 Am.Jur., Husband and Wife §§ 513, 514; Doe v. Roe, 82 Me. 503, 20 A. 83, 8 L.R.A. 833; Restatement, Torts § 695, to which no change has been indicated through the 1954 Supplement; 41 C.J.S. Husband and Wife § 404; Fuller v. American Telephone and Telegraph Co., 21 F. Supp. 741 [2], 742 (D. C.Mass.1937).

We are urged to sustain the appeal, grant plaintiff-wife a right to recovery and thereby judicially legislate a new cause of action. Lead by Hitaffer v. Argonne Co., Inc., 87 U.S.App.D.C. 57, 183 F.2d 811, 23 A.L.R.2d 1366, on which certiorari was denied in 340 U.S. 852, 71 S. Ct. 80, 95 L. Ed. 624 (1950), which granted the wife a cause of action for her loss of consortium of her husband resulting from negligent conduct of a third person, ten other states have followed by judicial decision[1] and one, Oregon[2], has done so by statute. Meantime nineteen jurisdictions, having considered the question, have denied recovery. See Igneri v. Cie de Transports Oceaniques, 323 F.2d 257, 260, 261 (2 CCA 1963).

We are aware that as a common law court we have the power to grant this new cause of action, and we are reminded that in Bedell v. Reagan, 159 Me. 292, 192 A.2d 24, we exercised this prerogative and held that a defendant in a complaint brought by husband and wife for negligence resulting in wife's personal injury might implead the plaintiff-husband as a third party defendant, thereby allowing defendant equitable recourse for contribution toward the monetary damage which otherwise would compensate not only for his own fault, but also "the pecuniary equivalent of the husband's wrong",but within the narrow limits prescribed.

The change in the common law declared by Bedell was not a result, however, of a collision between the principle of stare decisis and contemporary legal philosophy above, as is true in the present case. The adoption of our civil rules, effective December 1, 1959, introducing third party practice into Maine, which was a drastic departure from pre-rule procedure, was designed "to secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action." Rule 1, M.R.C.P. In Bedell the court dealt with a collision between Rule 14, M.R.C.P. and the common law "disability of reciprocal spouses" as cross litigants. Bedell, 159 Me. at page 296, 192 A.2d 24. Under such circumstance we held that the integrity of the civil rules and their declared purpose, but within the narrow limits required equitably in the Bedell situation, overrode the pre-existing rule of marital disability of the common law. There is not only a distinction, but a also a difference.

The proposed creation of a new cause of action in the wide field of torts

[1] Cooney v. Moomaw, 109 F. Supp. 448 (D.Neb.1953); Brown v. Georgia-Tennessee Coaches, Inc., 88 Ga.App. 519, 77 S.E.2d 24 (1953); Acuff v. Schmit, 248 Iowa 272, 78 N.W.2d 480 (1956); Missouri Pacific Transportation Co. v. Miller, 227 Ark. 351, 299 S.W.2d 41 (1957); Hoekstra v. Helgeland, 78 S.D. 82, 98 N.W.2d 669 (1959); Montgomery v. Stephan, 359 Mich. 33, 101 N.W.2d 227 (1960); Dini v. Naiditch, 20 Ill. 2d 406, 170 N.E.2d 881, 86 A.L.R.2d 1184 (1960); Stenta v. Leblang, 185 A.2d 759 (Del.1962); Duffy v. Lipsman-Fulkerson & Co., 200 F. Supp. 71 (D.Mont.1961); and Novak v. Kansas City Transit, Inc., 365 S.W.2d 539 (Mo.1963).

[2] Oregon Revised Statutes § 108.010 (1955).