MBAYE (AMADOU) VS. COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY
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RENDERED: NOVEMBER 19, 2010; 10:00 A.M.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals
NO. 2009-CA-001134-MR
AMADOU MBAYE
v.
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM BOONE CIRCUIT COURT
HONORABLE ANTHONY W. FROHLICH, JUDGE
ACTION NO. 04-CR-00656
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY
APPELLEE
OPINION
AFFIRMING
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BEFORE: TAYLOR, CHIEF JUDGE; LAMBERT, JUDGE; HENRY,1 SENIOR
JUDGE.
HENRY, SENIOR JUDGE: Amadou Mbaye appeals the judgment and order of the
Boone Circuit Court revoking his probation and ordering him to serve a four-year
sentence. After our review, we affirm.
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Senior Judge Michael L. Henry sitting as Special Judge by assignment of the Chief Justice
pursuant to Section 110(5)(b) of the Kentucky Constitution and Kentucky Revised Statutes
(KRS) 21.580.
Mbaye entered a plea of guilty to three counts of theft by deception
over $300 and a misdemeanor charge of theft by deception under $300. By the
trial court’s order of August 15, 2005, he was sentenced to serve four years on each
felony charge with those sentences to run concurrently for a total sentence of four
years. That sentence was then probated for a period of four years.
Some of the conditions of his probation required Mbaye to pay court
costs of $151.00, pay restitution to the victim in the amount of $1,350.00 and
maintain suitable employment. He admitted he failed to fulfill any of those
obligations and the trial court revoked his probation and ordered the four year
sentence served on June 4, 2009. He now argues that based on his indigence, it
was error for the trial court to revoke his probation because of his failure to meet
the financial obligations.
We review a trial court’s decision to revoke previously granted
probation to determine whether or not the trial court abused its discretion. Tiryung
v. Commonwealth, 717 S.W.2d 503, 504 (Ky. App. 1986). “The test for abuse of
discretion is whether the trial judge’s decision was arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair,
or unsupported by sound legal principles.” Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d
941, 945 (Ky. 1999). “[W]hether the trial court revoked upon one violation or
three is of no consequence to the appellant so long as the evidence supports at least
one violation.” Messer v. Commonwealth, 754 S.W.2d 872, 873 (Ky. App. 1988).
Mbaye was not “sent . . . to jail because he was a poor person who
was unable to pay various court-ordered fees” as he suggests in his brief to this
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court. Fines “shall not be imposed upon any person determined by the court to be
indigent[.]” Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS) 534.030(4); KRS 534.040(4);
Simpson v. Commonwealth, 889 S.W.2d 781, 784 (Ky. 1994). There is no question
Mbaye is indigent. He was represented by a court appointed public advocate for
the original charges and the probation revocation as well as this appeal.
Similarly, court costs are not appropriately levied against an indigent
defendant if “the court finds the defendant is a poor person as defined by KRS
453.190(2) and that he or she is unable to pay court costs and will be unable to pay
the court costs in the foreseeable future.” KRS 23A.205(2). We agree the trial
court should not have imposed fines or court costs in the original sentence or the
terms of probation.
The trial court however also found Mbaye did not pay restitution or
maintain suitable employment. He now argues it is the fault of the United States
government that he is unable to maintain suitable employment. We do not agree.
Mbaye is from the country of Mauritania. He allegedly lost his passport which he
now claims prohibits him from legally working in the United States. We note
however the records of this case contain a valid United States social security
number assigned to him. Regardless, it was neither the trial court’s nor the United
States government’s responsibility to keep up with Mbaye’s passport or to take
steps necessary for him to retain suitable employment. It was his alone.
Likewise, he failed to provide restitution. Our Supreme Court has
recognized that, rather than a fine exacted from the defendant as punishment for
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wrongdoing or court costs collected to defray the expense of the administration of
justice, restitution is “designed to restore property or the value thereof to the
victim.” Commonwealth v. Bailey, 721 S.W.2d 706, 707 (Ky. 1986). “It is not
punishment to make the criminal give back something which was never his and
which was obtained by him only by commission of a crime.” Id.
The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it revoked Mbaye’s
probation for a failure to maintain suitable employment as well as for failure to pay
court ordered restitution. Either reason was adequate to allow the court to revoke
the previously granted probation and order the sentence served. There was no
error in that regard. We therefore affirm the determination of the Boone Circuit
Court.
TAYLOR, CHIEF JUDGE, CONCURS.
LAMBERT, JUDGE, DISSENTS AND FILES SEPARATE
OPINION.
LAMBERT, JUDGE, DISSENTING: I respectfully dissent. In
Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660, 103 S.Ct. 2064, 76 L.Ed2d 221 (1983), the
United States Supreme Court held that:
[I]n revocation proceedings for failure to pay a fine or
restitution, a sentencing court must inquire into the
reasons for the failure to pay. If the probationer willfully
refused to pay or failed to make sufficient bona fide
efforts legally to acquire the resources to pay, the court
may revoke probation and sentence the defendant to
imprisonment within the authorized range of its
sentencing authority. If the probationer could not pay
despite sufficient bona fide efforts to acquire the
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resources to do so, the court must consider alternate
measures of punishment other than imprisonment. Only
if alternate measures are not adequate to meet the State’s
interests in punishment and deterrence may the court
imprison a probationer who has made sufficient or bona
fide efforts to pay. To do otherwise would deprive the
probationer of his conditional freedom simply because,
through no fault of his own, he cannot pay the fine. Such
a deprivation would be contrary to the fundamental
fairness required by the Fourteenth Amendment.
Bearden, 461 U.S. at 672-673, 103 S.Ct. at 2073.
It is undisputed that the appellant was and is an indigent person. He
was represented by a court appointed attorney for the original charge and the
probation revocation hearing, as well as this appeal.
The Bearden court directs the trial court to consider alternate
measures of punishment other than imprisonment if the trial court finds the
probationer could not pay restitution or find employment despite sufficient bona
fide efforts to do so.
Further, particularly in periods of recession, it is often impossible for
illiterate persons, as is probationer, to find employment, no matter how diligently
they search.
For the foregoing reasons, I would reverse and remand this matter to
the Boone Circuit Court for a new probation revocation hearing, directing the court
to consider alternative punishment to incarceration.
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BRIEF FOR APPELLANT:
BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:
Steven J. Buck
Frankfort, Kentucky
Jack Conway
Attorney General of Kentucky
Joshua D. Farley
Assistant Attorney General
Frankfort, Kentucky
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