Harris v. CTA

SIXTH DIVISION
SEPTEMBER 11, 1998

No. 1-97-3791

SHAQUILLA HARRIS, ) APPEAL FROM THE
) CIRCUIT COURT
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) OF COOK COUNTY.
)
v. )
)
CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY, ) HONORABLE
) JOSEPH N. CASIATO,
Defendant-Appellee. ) JUDGE PRESIDING.

PRESIDING JUSTICE CAMPBELL delivered the opinion of the court:
Plaintiff, Shaquilla Harris, appeals from an order of the circuit court of Cook
County dismissing her action against defendant, the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), as
time barred by the one-year statute of limitations set forth in section 41 of the Metro-

politan Transit Authority Act (MTA Act). 70 ILCS 3605/41. On appeal, plaintiff con-

tends that her action was timely filed within the two-year statute of limitations period set
forth in section 13-211 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (Code). 735 ILCS 5/13-
211 (West 1996). For the following reasons, we reverse the judgment of the trial court.
The following facts are relevant to this appeal. On January 30, 1992, plaintiff
was injured while a passenger on a CTA bus. Plaintiff was born on May 8, 1977. At the
time of the accident, plaintiff was 14-years old.
Six months after the accident, plaintiff retained counsel and filed a notice of
personal injury with the CTA. On May 8, 1997, plaintiff's 20th birthday, plaintiff filed
a one-count complaint against the CTA, alleging that she was injured when the doors of
the CTA bus opened while the bus was in motion, throwing her to the ground. On
May 21, 1997, plaintiff filed her first amended complaint.
On July 14, 1997, the CTA filed a motion to dismiss plaintiff's complaint pursuant
to section 2-619(a)(9) of the Code and section 41 of the MTA Act. On September 11,
1997, the trial court granted the CTA's motion and dismissed plaintiff's complaint with
prejudice on the ground that plaintiff failed to bring her action against the CTA within
one year after her eighteenth birthday. Plaintiff filed a timely notice of appeal of this
order on October 6, 1997.
On appeal, plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in dismissing her complaint
as untimely filed. Plaintiff argues that the two-year statute of limitations in section 13-
211 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (The Code) controls her claim for injuries
sustained while a passenger on a CTA bus, rather than the one-year limitations provision
of section 41 of the MTA Act.
Section 41 of the MTA Act provides in pertinent as follows:
"No civil action shall be commenced in any court against the
Authority by any person for any injury to his person unless it
is commenced within one year from the date that the injury
was received or the cause of action accrued." 70 ILCS
3605/41 (West 1996).
Plaintiff argues that her complaint was timely filed pursuant to section 13-211 of the
Code, which sets forth a two year statute of limitations for personal injury actions
brought by minors, as follows:
"If the person entitled to bring an action, specified in Sections
13-201 through 13-210 of this Act, at the time the cause of
action accrued, is under the age of 18 years, or is under a
legal disability, then he or she may bring the action within 2
years after the person attains the age of 18 years, or the dis-

ability is removed. 735 ILCS 5/13-211 (West 1996).
Section 13-202 of the Code, incorporated by section 13-211 above, provides a two year
statute of limitations for actions for personal injury. 735 ILCS 5/13-202 (West 1996).
Thus, the Code provides a two year limitations period for filing a personal injury action
from the date of a minor's 18th birthday.
The relationship between section 41 of the MTA Act and section 13-211 has not
been previously addressed by this court. Prior to this time, in Serafini v. Chicago Transit
Authority, 74 Ill. App. 3d 738, 393 N.E.2d 1120 (1979), this court addressed a conflict
between the two-year limitations period for personal injuries set forth in section 21 of the
former Limitations Act (Ill Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 83, par. 1 et. seq.), with the one-year
limitations period in section 41 of the MTA Act, and held that while the one-year
limitations period of section 41 of the MTA Act provides no exceptions in favor of
minors:
"statutes in general in their terms have been frequently con-

strued to contain exceptions in favor of minors in cases in
which the minor's meritorious cause of action would otherwise
have been barred due to the neglect or incompetence of his
next friend, guardian or parent filing suit on his behalf.
[Citations omitted]. It was under these circumstances that it
was said that a minor should not be precluded from enforcing
his rights unless clearly debarred from doing so by some
statute or constitutional provision." Serafini, 74 Ill. App. 3d
at 739.
In Serafini, this court relied on Carlson v. Glen Ellyn, 21 Ill. App. 2d 335l, 158 N.E.2d 225 (1959), which considered the applicability of section 1-10 of the Revised Cities and
Villages Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1957, ch. 24, par. 1-10) (Villages Act) to a suit filed by an
injured minor's next friend one year and one day after the minor was injured on the
CTA. Section 1-10 of the Villages Act provided a one year statute of limitations for the
commencement of a civil action for injuries. The Carlson court reversed the dismissal of
the plaintiff's complaint stating that the only effect of the shorter limitation period of the
Villages Act on the general limitations was to substitute that shorter period in all actions
for personal injuries against municipalities, leaving the exception as to infants in full
force and effect.
The Serafini court noted that the Carlson court did not expressly hold that section
21 of the Limitations Act applied rather than section 1-10 of the Villages Act. The
Serafini court thus construed Carlson as holding that the one year limitations period of the
Villages Act was tolled during the plaintiff's infancy and began to run after attaining
majority. In light of Carlson, the Serafini court held that: "when a minor is allegedly
injured as a result of the negligence of the CTA, he has one year from the date of the
injury or one year from the date of attaining majority, whichever is later, to commence
his action." Serafini, 74 Ill. App. 3d at 741.
Plaintiff points out that at the time of Serafini, section 12 of the Limitations Act
provided that statutes of limitations for personal injuries could only be commenced within
the periods prescribed, "except when a different limitation is prescribed by statute." Ill.
Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 83, para. 13, sec. 12. In 1982, the Code was amended to remove
the above quoted supplanting language. Thus, actions now brought by minors are not
subject to a different limitations period where another limitations period is prescribed by
statute. Although plaintiff urges this court to overrule Serafini in light of the enactment
of the Code of Civil Procedure in 1982, we decline to do so. The Serafini court merely
held that the one year period of section 41 was tolled only until the plaintiff attained
majority. Thus, the action of the Serafini court was consistent with the limitations
legislation applicable to that case at that time.
The first rule of statutory construction is to ascertain and give effect to the true
intent and meaning of the legislature. Hernon v. E.W. Corrigan Construction Co., 149 Ill. 2d 190, 595 N.E.2d 561 (1992). Our supreme court has noted that section 41 was
enacted as a result of the CTA's status as the nation's largest mass transit carrier, the
magnitude of the CTA's operations and its special duty to provide its passengers with the
highest degree of care. The large volume of personal injury actions against the CTA
therefore warranted a protective statute. Fujimura v. Chicago Transit Authority, 67 Ill. 2d 506, 368 N.E.2d 105 (1977); Schuman v. Chicago Transit Authority, 407 Ill. 313,
320, 95 N.E.2d 447 (1950).
Where two statutory provisions cover the same subject matter, the more specific
statute governs. Zimmer v. Willowbrook, 242 Ill. App. 3d 437, 610 N.E.2d 709 (1993).
Plaintiff claims that section 13-211 of the Code is more specific than section 41 of the
MTA Act, since it concerns only those personal injuries sustained by minors, while
section 41 of the MTA Act deals with all personal injury claims against the CTA.
In support of her argument, plaintiff relies on cases interpreting the limitation
provision of the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act
(Tort Immunity Act) (745 ILCS 10/1-101 et. seq.), specifically, Bertolis v. Community
Unit School Dist. No. 7, 283 Ill. App. 3d 874, 671 N.E.2d 79 (1996), and Halper v.
Vayo, 210 Ill. App. 3d 81, 568 N.E.2d 914 (1991). These cases both held that personal
injury actions filed by students injured at school were governed by the two-year
limitations period prescribed in section 13-211 of the Code, rather than the one-year
limitation period established by the Tort Immunity Act, because section 13-211 is more
specific than the one-year statute of limitations provided in section 8-101 of the Tort
Immunity Act. The Bertolis court concluded that section 13-211 of the Code addresses a
specific class of plaintiffs (minors) as well as the nature of the injury, while section 8-101
of the Tort Immunity Act applies only to a given group of defendants and could
encompass any type of civil action.
The CTA responds that Wheatley v. Chicago Transit Authority, 289 Ill. App. 3d
60, 682 N.E.2d 418 (1997), is dispositive. There, this court held that Bertolis and
Halper were irrelevant to a case construing the relationship between section 13-214 of the
Code with section 41 of the MTA Act:
"We do not find the cases cited by plaintiff helpful since they
concerned the application of section of section 8-101 of the
Tort Immunity Act. The Tort Immunity Act has broad appli-

cation to thousands of public municipalities throughout the
state and covers all types of civil suits against them. It is also
applicable to all types of suits, including contract and property
damage claims. Section 41 of the Metropolitan Transit Au
thority Act is much more specific than section 8-101 since it is
only applicable to personal injury claims and only applicable
to the CTA." Wheatley, 289 Ill. App. 3d at 65.
In Wheatley, this court held that the one-year limitations period of section 41 is
more specific that the four-year limitations period specified in section 13-214, for actions
arising out of a construction-related activity. Wheatley found that the terms of section
41 are comprehensive and do not distinguish between different types of personal injury
claimants. The court determined that section 41 applies to only one entity, the CTA, and
one type of action, personal injury lawsuits, while section 13-214 of the Code could be
applied to many actions brought statewide by any person or entity being sued for a
construction-related activity, including all actions based upon tort and contract. Wheatley,
289 Ill. App. 3d at 65.
We find Wheatley distinguishable from the present case, as it did not involve the
claim of a minor. Whereas section 41 applies to all personal injury claims made against
the CTA, section 13-211 applies to only those claims against the CTA made by minors.
Section 13-211 is the more specific statute of limitations, and is therefore controlling.
Our decision is consistent with caselaw as well as public policy holding that minors are
entitled to favorable treatment under the law. We therefore hold that plaintiff's cause was
timely filed two-years after she attained the age of majority.
For the reasons stated herein, we therefore reverse the judgment of the trial court
and remand this matter to reinstate the plaintiff's claim.
Reversed and remanded.
GREIMAN, J., and ZWICK, J., concur.