Center for Biological Diversity v. Haaland, No. 19-35981 (9th Cir. 2021)
Annotate this CaseThe Ninth Circuit reversed the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the Service in an action challenging the Service's decision reversing its previous decision that the Pacific walrus qualified for listing as an endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The panel found that the Service did not sufficiently explain why it changed its prior position. The panel concluded that the essential flaw in the 2017 Decision is its failure to offer more than a cursory explanation of why the findings underlying its 2011 Decision no longer apply. The panel explained that if, as is the case here, the agency's "new policy rests upon factual findings that contradict those which underlay its prior policy," a sufficiently detailed justification is required. In this case, the panel found insufficient the Service's briefs regarding localized prey depletion, a study showing that female walruses can travel longer distances than expected to forage, stampede-related mortalities, habitat loss generally, and subsistence harvest.
Court Description: Endangered Species Act / Administrative Procedure Act. The panel reversed the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (the “Service”) in an action that challenged the Service’s decision reversing its previous decision that the Pacific walrus qualified for listing as an endangered or threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). The Service issued a 2011 Decision finding that listing the Pacific walrus as a threatened or endangered species under the ESA was warranted. In May 2017, in response to a settlement of an earlier lawsuit, the Service completed a final species status Assessment. In October 2017, after reviewing the Assessment, the Service issued a 2017 Decision finding that the Pacific walrus no longer qualified as a threatened species. The panel held that the Service did not sufficiently explain why it changed its prior position, and this constituted a violation of the Administrative Procedures Act (“APA”). Specifically, the panel held it was limited to the reasons given by the agency for its action, and the essential flaw in the 2017 Decision was the Service’s failure to offer more than a cursory explanation of why the findings underlying its 2011 Decision no longer applied. The 2017 Decision’s incorporation of the Assessment did not remedy the deficiencies. Although the Assessment contained some new CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY V. HAALAND 3 information, the actual decision document did not explain why this new information resulted in an about-face from the Service’s 2011 conclusion that the Pacific walrus met the statutory criteria for listing. The panel reversed the summary judgment, with directions to the district court to remand to the Service to provide a sufficient explanation of its new position.
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