Perez v. Walt Disney, No. 22-20084 (5th Cir. 2023)
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Case: 22-20084 Document: 00516726792 Page: 1 Date Filed: 04/26/2023 United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ____________ United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit FILED No. 22-20084 ____________ April 26, 2023 Lyle W. Cayce Clerk Alejandro Evaristo Perez, Plaintiff—Appellant, versus The Walt Disney Company, Defendants—Appellees. ______________________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas USDC No. 4:21-CV-765 ______________________________ Before Wiener, Elrod, and Engelhardt, Circuit Judges. Per Curiam: * Plaintiff-Appellant Alejandro Evaristo Perez, proceeding pro se, 1 sued “Disney Corporation,” a nonexistent entity, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. According to Perez, the “Disney Corporation” violated federal copyright and antitrust laws by interfering with his relationship with non-party “Amazon Corporation.” Specifically, _____________________ * 1 This opinion is not designated for publication. See 5th Cir. R. 47.5. The Latin term “pro se” means “for oneself, on one’s own behalf.” Thus, a party proceeds pro se when he or she is not represented by an attorney. Case: 22-20084 Document: 00516726792 Page: 2 Date Filed: 04/26/2023 No. 22-20084 Perez contends that “Disney Corporation” “misguided” Amazon to stop selling his paperback novel, entitled “The Real Lord Vader-the Destroyer of Start Wars.” Because “Disney Corporation” does not exist, The Walt Disney Company (“TWDC”), as the parent holding company for various Disneyaffiliated entities, appeared for the purpose of filing a motion seeking dismissal for lack of personal jurisdiction and lack of capacity. 2 Concluding Perez’s allegations did not identify sufficient contacts between TWDC and the State of Texas to support general or specific personal jurisdiction, the district court granted the motion to dismiss with prejudice. On appeal, Perez’s arguments, even construed liberally given his pro se status, identify no reversible error in the district court’s personal jurisdiction assessment. Although Perez reiterates the existence of “Disney” stores and various Disney-affiliated events in Texas, a subsidiary’s contacts with the forum state generally are not imputed to a parent company if the subsidiary is operated as a distinct corporation. See Frank v. PNK (Lake Charles) L.L.C., 947 F.3d 331, 338 (5th Cir. 2020) (this court generally does not impute contacts across parents and subsidiaries for jurisdictional purposes) (citing Southmark Corp. v. Life Investors, Inc., 851 F.2d 763, 773–75 (5th Cir. 1988)). Perez’s vague “Disney” references fall far short of demonstrating that an exception to this general principle applies here. And Perez’s remaining assertions—complaints about the district court’s docket management—reveal no abuse of discretion. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s ruling that it lacks personal jurisdiction over TWDC. However, because a dismissal “for lack of _____________________ 2 Perez’s April 1, 2021 response to TWDC’s motion to dismiss identifies the defendant as “Disney Corporation; AKA The Walt Disney Company Corporation.” 2 Case: 22-20084 Document: 00516726792 Page: 3 Date Filed: 04/26/2023 No. 22-20084 jurisdiction” is not an “adjudication on the merits,” the dismissal ordered by the district court should have been without prejudice. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); ITL Int’l, Inc. v. Cafe Soluble, S.A., 464 F. App’x 241, 244 (5th Cir. 2012) (unpub.) (citing Am. Realty Tr., Inc. v. Hamilton Lane Advisors, Inc., 115 F. App’x 662, 667 (5th Cir. 2004) (unpub.)). We therefore reverse the district court’s February 9, 2022 order to the extent that it dismisses “with prejudice” and remand with instructions to amend the order to specify that dismissal is “without prejudice.” AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART; REMANDED. 3
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