United States of America v. Oscar Provencio-Sandoval, No. 10-2001 (10th Cir. 2010)
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FILED United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit June 10, 2010 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Elisabeth A. Shumaker TENTH CIRCUIT Clerk of Court UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff - Appellee, No. 10-2001 (D. New Mexico) (D.C. No. 1:09-CV-00315-LH-LAM) v. OSCAR PROVENCIO-SANDOVAL, Defendant - Appellant. ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY Before MURPHY, GORSUCH, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges. Petitioner, Oscar Provencio-Sandoval, seeks a certificate of appealability ( COA ) so he can appeal the district court s denial of the motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence he brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B) (providing a movant may not appeal the denial of a § 2255 motion unless he first obtains a COA). In 2007, Provencio-Sandoval was convicted by a jury of illegally reentering the United States following conviction for an aggravated felony. The aggravated felony was a 1995 Texas state conviction for aggravated assault. Provencio-Sandoval pursued one issue on direct appeal: that his constitutional right to confront the witnesses against him was violated. United States v. Provencio-Sandoval, 272 F. App x 683, 684 (10th Cir. 2008). This court affirmed his conviction. Id. at 685. Provencio-Sandoval filed his § 2255 motion on March 30, 2009. He asserted the following four claims for relief: (1) his attorney in the 1995 Texas case was ineffective for advising him to plead guilty; (2) he was improperly convicted of illegal reentry because he is a citizen of the United States and, thus, he should not have been deported in 1999; and (3) his base offense level should not have been increased by sixteen levels because his Texas conviction was not a crime of violence; and (4) his attorney provided ineffective assistance for failing to raise the foregoing three issues on direct appeal, failing to investigate those three issues, failing to file a notice of appeal, and filing an appellate brief without consulting him. The matter was referred to a magistrate judge who prepared a comprehensive report and recommendation. The magistrate judge recommended denying Provencio-Sandoval s first claim because Provencio-Sandoval cannot use his § 2255 motion to collaterally challenge his 1995 Texas conviction. See Lackawanna County Dist. Attorney v. Coss, 532 U.S. 394, 403-04 (2001) ( [O]nce a state conviction is no longer open to direct or collateral attack in its own right because the defendant failed to pursue those remedies while they were available (or because the defendant did so unsuccessfully), the conviction may be regarded as conclusively valid. ). The second and third claims were procedurally barred because they were not raised on -2- direct appeal and Provencio-Sandoval failed to show cause and prejudice for the default or demonstrate that a fundamental miscarriage of justice would result if the claims were not considered. See Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 750 (1991). Finally, the magistrate judge recommended denying the fourth claim on the merits because Provencio-Sandoval failed to satisfy the two-part test set out in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688-89 (1984). After considering Provencio-Sandoval s timely objections to the magistrate s report, the district court adopted the magistrate judge s Proposed Findings and Recommended Disposition and dismissed the § 2255 motion with prejudice. This court cannot grant Provencio-Sandoval a COA unless he is able to demonstrate that reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further. Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (quotations omitted); see also id. at 484-85 (holding that when a district court dismisses a habeas petition on procedural grounds, a petitioner is entitled to a COA only if he shows both that reasonable jurists would find it debatable whether he had stated a valid constitutional claim and debatable whether the district court s procedural ruling was correct). This court undertakes a preliminary, though not definitive, consideration of the [legal] framework applicable to each of his claims. MillerEl v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 338 (2003). Provencio-Sandoval is not required to -3- demonstrate his appeal will succeed to be entitled to a COA. He must, however, prove something more than the absence of frivolity or the existence of mere good faith. Id. (quotations omitted). This court has reviewed Provencio-Sandoval s appellate brief and application for COA, the Proposed Findings and Recommended Disposition, the district court s order, and the entire record on appeal pursuant to the framework set out by the Supreme Court and concludes Provencio-Sandoval is not entitled to a COA. The district court s resolution of Provencio-Sandoval s claims is not reasonably subject to debate and the claims are not adequate to deserve further proceedings. Accordingly, Provencio-Sandoval has not made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This court denies his request for a COA, grants the motion to proceed in forma pauperis, and dismisses this appeal. 1 ENTERED FOR THE COURT Michael R. Murphy Circuit Judge 1 Because Provencio-Sandoval is scheduled to be released shortly, his Motion for Stay of Proceedings is denied. The Clerk is directed to forward one copy of this Order to Provencio-Sandoval at the address provided to the Clerk by Provencio-Sandoval, and a second copy to Provencio-Sandoval at the CI NE Ohio Correctional Center in Youngstown, Ohio. -4-
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