United States of America, Appellee, v. Gary Lavergis Rodger, Appellant, 100 F.3d 90 (8th Cir. 1996)

In 1986, Gary Lavergis Rodger and his brother were convicted of armed bank robbery, conspiring to commit bank robbery, and using and carrying a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113, 371, and 924(c) (1) (1982 & Supp. III 1985). The District Court¹  sentenced Rodger to a total of fifteen years in prison. On direct appeal, we affirmed, rejecting Rodger's arguments that the District Court erred in denying his motion for severance and in refusing to give a limiting instruction to guard against the prejudice of a joint trial. Rodger v. United States, 815 F.2d 712 (8th Cir. 1987) (unpublished per curiam), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 868, 108 S. Ct. 195, 98 L. Ed. 2d 146 (1987).

In January 1996, Rodger filed this 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (1994) motion, arguing that his section 924(c) (1) conviction should be set aside, because he did not "use" a firearm as defined in Bailey v. United States, --- U.S. ----, ---- - ----, 116 S. Ct. 501, 507-09, 133 L. Ed. 2d 472 (1995). The District Court denied relief, concluding that the evidence was more than sufficient to convict Rodger under the "carry" prong of section 924(c) (1) and under established principles of coconspirator liability. On appeal, Rodger argues for the first time that the jury instructions on the statutory phrase "carries a firearm" and on coconspirator liability were improper. We affirm.

Rodger did not object to the District Court's jury instructions concerning either section 924(c) (1) or coconspirator liability, and he did not challenge on direct appeal the sufficiency of the evidence for his section 924(c) (1) conviction. Thus, Rodger procedurally defaulted the issues he now raises. To obtain post-conviction relief, Rodger must show cause excusing his procedural default and actual prejudice resulting from the alleged error. See Williams v. United States, 98 F.3d 1052, 1054 (8th Cir. 1996). We conclude that Rodger failed to establish such prejudice.

Briefly summarized, the trial evidence was that Rodger's brother carried and brandished a firearm during the robbery. There was no evidence that Rodger personally carried a firearm. Rodger testified that he did not know anything about the robbery, but the jury--quite reasonably--found otherwise and convicted Rodger on all counts. We agree with the District Court that this evidence was sufficient to convict Rodger of a section 924(c) (1) "carry" violation under established principles of coconspirator liability.²  See Bailey, --- U.S. at ---- - ----, 116 S. Ct. at 507-09 (defining "use" to include brandishing, and preserving "carry" as alternative basis for § 924(c) (1) charge); Williams, 98 F.3d at 1053-55 (holding § 2255 movant procedurally defaulted argument that jury instruction was erroneous in light of Bailey; no actual prejudice because evidence was sufficient to convict him of § 924(c) (1) "carry" violation).

Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the District Court.