Anita Williams and Her Children, Plaintiffs-appellants, v. Burton Raiford, Commissioner of the Texas Department Ofhuman Services, et al., Defendants-appellees, 976 F.2d 942 (5th Cir. 1992)

Plaintiffs are a family who received financial assistance through Aid to Families with Dependent Children ("AFDC")¹  and food stamps under the Food Stamp Program,²  until the Texas Department of Human Services ("TDHS") determined that the family was no longer eligible for those benefits because one child had come into the equivalent of a small inheritance upon the death of her father.³  Although the money is controlled by a representative payee who will not release the funds for purposes of supporting the family, the Texas Department of Human Services ("TDHS") nevertheless "deemed" the child's assets available to support the child and the rest of her family. Plaintiffs sued the commissioner of the Texas Department of Human Services under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (action for deprivation of civil rights under color of state law), 42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a) (17) (D) (Medicaid Program), 42 U.S.C. § 407 et seq. (Social Security), 7 U.S.C. § 2011 et seq. (Food Stamp Program).

Plaintiffs contend that a child does not have a duty to support her family with her own assets. We do not address this global claim, for it is not necessary to decide whether a child's assets may be reached in order to prevent the family's destitution. We find that it is well established that a child's assets may be reached by her siblings and other family members residing in the same household if necessary to prevent or reduce their reliance on welfare benefits. See Bowen v. Gilliard, 483 U.S. 587, 107 S. Ct. 3008, 97 L. Ed. 2d 485 (1987); Jackson v. Jackson, 857 F.2d 951, 955-56 (4th Cir. 1988).

Plaintiffs contend that even if the child does have a duty to support her family, when a representative payee or trustee residing outside the household controls the child's assets and refuses to release them, the assets may not be deemed "available" to the family for purposes of determining eligibility for AFDC and food stamps. Although plaintiffs have found support for this proposition in the discussion section of the regulations implementing the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 ("DEFRA"),⁴  which at least one other circuit has found compelling,⁵  we find it unpersuasive in light of the overwhelming evidence that Congress sought, through DEFRA, to assure that only the most needy receive benefits, and sought, in particular, to "end the present practice whereby families exclude members with income in order to maximize family benefits, and [to] ... ensure that the income of family members who live together and share expenses is recognized and counted as available to the family as a whole." Gilliard, 483 U.S. at 593, 107 S. Ct. at 3013 (quoting S.Rep. No. 98-169 at 980). Section 402(a) (38) of the Act implementing Aid to Families with Dependent Children provides that "any income of or available for"⁶  a family member living in the same household as the rest of his or her family is to be included in making the determination of the family's eligibility for AFDC, and specifically notes that 42 U.S.C. § 405(j) (providing for the appointment of representative payees) is no obstacle. See 42 U.S.C. § 602(a) (38). Thus, one of the duties of the representative payee is to perform the function within the dictates of 42 U.S.C. § 602(a) (38).⁷ 

The fact that plaintiffs do not contest the application of the child's monthly OASDI income to determinations regarding the family's eligibility for AFDC⁸  suggests they understand the weakness of their argument that the child's assets must be preserved even while the family is forced to rely on welfare for support. The heart of the dispute, therefore, is not whether the child's assets may be applied to support other family members who otherwise would be forced to rely on welfare, but whether the representative payee may shelter the child's retroactive benefits, despite the fact that the back benefits are not different in kind from the monthly income received by the child.⁹ 

As desirable as it may be for this child to have a trust fund which she might use for various purposes when she attains majority, we cannot agree that she may maintain that trust fund while her family languishes in poverty and is supported wholly or in part by the public purse. We hold that the child's assets are "deemable" for the purposes of determining her family's eligibility for AFDC and food stamps. If the representative payee will not release the funds necessary to make up the loss of the AFDC benefits and food stamps, plaintiffs are not left without a remedy. They may challenge the appointment of this particular representative payee (or seek her removal) under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(j) (2) (E) (i) and 405(j) (2) (E) (ii), or they may sue the representative payee.

AFFIRMED.