Leonard L. Bentz, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Sam Recile, et al., Defendants-appellants, 778 F.2d 1026 (5th Cir. 1985)

Defendants Sam Recile, Sajare Interests, Ltd., and Brian Investments, Ltd., appeal from the district court's granting of summary judgment. We affirm.

Leonard L. Bentz, the plaintiff and a resident of Mississippi, brought a civil action in the Circuit Court of Harrison County, Mississippi to recover some $18,500.00 on two promissory notes from Sam J. Recile and the other defendants, all of whom are residents of Louisiana. The defendants challenged the state court's in personam jurisdiction over them under the Mississippi long arm statute, Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 13-3-57 (Supp.1984), but the state court upheld jurisdiction. The defendants then filed a petition for removal to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and renewed their motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction in federal court. The plaintiff moved for summary judgment. The district court held that the Mississippi long arm statute was unconstitutionally overbroad as applied to the instant case and that the Mississippi federal district court lacked in personam jurisdiction. The Mississippi federal district court did not reach the plaintiff's summary judgment motion.

Instead of dismissing the case, the Mississippi federal district court transferred the action to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, which had personal jurisdiction over the Louisiana resident defendants. The Mississippi federal district court stated that the transfer was made pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1631, which permits the transfer of a civil action between federal courts. The Louisiana federal district court denied the defendants' motions to retransfer, to quash the service of process, and to dismiss for lack of in personam jurisdiction, and granted the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment. The defendants then filed a timely notice of appeal.

This Court affirms the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff, although on somewhat different grounds. Although section 1631 may not allow such a transfer--a question we specifically reserve--the transfer of the case from the Southern District of Mississippi to the Eastern District of Louisiana, which had in personam jurisdiction over the defendants, was proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1406(a) or Sec. 1404(a). Precedent of this court supports transfer of a case pursuant to section 1406(a) or section 1404(a) from a federal Court lacking personal jurisdiction to one possessing it, even if the case was removed from a state court that itself lacked personal jurisdiction.

Both the two federal district courts below and the plaintiff relied on 28 U.S.C. § 1631,¹  the federal transfer statute, to support the transfer of the case from the Mississippi federal district court to the Louisiana federal district court. The defendants argue that transfer is not proper under section 1631. We need not reach this issue, however, because a transfer of the kind involved in this case is proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1406(a),²  or Sec. 1404(a).³  Like section 1631, sections 1404(a) and 1406(a) employ an "interest of justice" standard. A section 1406(a) or section 1404(a) transfer finds clear support from precedent in this circuit.

In Aguacate Consolidated Mines, Inc. v. Deeprock, Inc., 566 F.2d 523 (5th Cir. 1978), a case with a procedural history strikingly similar to the instant case, the plaintiff originally filed suit in Georgia state court. The defendant removed to the federal district court for the Northern District of Georgia and moved to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. The federal district court granted the motion because the minimum contacts requirement of the Georgia long arm statute were not met. The federal district court, however, vacated its order of dismissal upon a motion by the plaintiff, and transferred the case to the Middle District of Alabama, where both venue and personal jurisdiction were proper. The Alabama federal district court dismissed, holding that the Georgia federal district court could not transfer a case under section 1406(a) without first acquiring personal jurisdiction.

On appeal, this Court reversed and remanded. The Court first rejected the argument that the Georgia federal district court's lack of personal jurisdiction was a bar to a section 1406(a) transfer, citing the Supreme Court's decision in Goldlawr, Inc. v. Heiman, 369 U.S. 463, 82 S. Ct. 913, 8 L. Ed. 2d 39 (1962), where the Court approved of section 1406(a) transfers even where both proper venue and personal jurisdiction are lacking. See also Ellis v. Great Southwestern Corp., 646 F.2d 1099, 1103-07 (5th Cir. 1981). The Court in Aguacate also rejected the argument that transfer was inappropriate because venue was proper in the transferor court, citing our earlier decision in Dubin v. United States, 380 F.2d 813 (5th Cir. 1967). In Dubin, the Court held that section 1406(a) refers to "laying venue in the wrong division or district," not wrong venue itself. Transfer was proper in Dubin as in Aguacate because the district was "wrong"--the transferor court lacked in personam jurisdiction. Dubin, 380 F.2d at 815. Finally, the Court in Aguacate held unimportant that the case was removed from a Georgia state court without personal jurisdiction. The derivative nature of a federal court's jurisdiction after removal does not change the fact that "removed actions become subject to federal rather than state rules of procedure." Thus, "removed cases meeting the federal standards of section 1406(a) or section 1404(a) may also be transferred." Aguacate, 566 F.2d at 525.

The instant case follows Ellis, Aguacate and Dubin. The instant case too involves the transfer of a removed case from a district where venue is proper, under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a),⁴  but where personal jurisdiction is lacking, to another district where both venue is proper and personal jurisdiction can be had over the defendants. As noted above the Aguacate court also addressed the issue of a federal court's derivative jurisdiction after removal where the state court from which the case was removed itself lacked personal jurisdiction. The Court found no problem with applying section 1406(a) or section 1404(a) to transfer such a case, and Aguacate equally applies to the instant case. See also Welsh v. Cunard Lines, Ltd., 595 F. Supp. 844 (D. Ariz. 1984); Cariffe v. Greninger, 532 F. Supp. 131 (D.N.J. 1982).⁵ III. CONCLUSION

In sum, transfer of this case to the Eastern District of Louisiana was proper, the original service of process was valid, and the Aguacate opinion disposes of the personal jurisdiction issue. We also find no error as to the defendants' liability on the notes and the grant of summary judgment was thus proper. The judgment of the district court is

AFFIRMED.