State v. McCall
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****************************************************** The officially released date that appears near the beginning of each opinion is the date the opinion will be published in the Connecticut Law Journal or the date it was released as a slip opinion. The operative date for the beginning of all time periods for filing postopinion motions and petitions for certification is the officially released date appearing in the opinion. In no event will any such motions be accepted before the officially released date. All opinions are subject to modification and technical correction prior to official publication in the Connecticut Reports and Connecticut Appellate Reports. In the event of discrepancies between the electronic version of an opinion and the print version appearing in the Connecticut Law Journal and subsequently in the Connecticut Reports or Connecticut Appellate Reports, the latest print version is to be considered authoritative. The syllabus and procedural history accompanying the opinion as it appears on the Commission on Official Legal Publications Electronic Bulletin Board Service and in the Connecticut Law Journal and bound volumes of official reports are copyrighted by the Secretary of the State, State of Connecticut, and may not be reproduced and distributed without the express written permission of the Commission on Official Legal Publications, Judicial Branch, State of Connecticut. ****************************************************** STATE OF CONNECTICUT v. BRENT MCCALL (AC 18073) Foti, Landau and Pellegrino, Js. Argued December 8, 2000 officially released March 6, 2001 Counsel Michael T. Wade, special public defender, for the appellant (defendant). Denise B. Smoker, assistant state s attorney, with whom, on the brief, were James E. Thomas, state s attorney, and Joan K. Alexander, former assistant state s attorney, for the appellee (state). Opinion LANDAU, J. The defendant, Brent McCall, appeals from the judgment of conviction, following a jury trial, of criminal attempt to commit murder in violation of General Statutes §§ 53a-49 (a) (2) and 53a-54a, assault in the first degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a59 (a) (1), assault of a peace officer in violation of General Statutes (Rev. to 1995) § 53a-167c (a) (1), and two counts each of attempt to commit assault of a peace officer in violation of General Statutes § 53a-49 (a) (2) and General Statutes (Rev. to 1995) § 53a-167c (a) (1), and attempt to commit assault in the first degree in violation of General Statutes §§ 53a-49 (a) (2) and 53a59 (a) (1). The defendant pleaded guilty to criminal possession of a firearm in violation of General Statutes § 53a-217 and carrying a pistol without a permit in violation of General Statutes § 29-35.1 The court imposed an effective sentence of forty-five years imprisonment. On appeal, the defendant claims that the court improperly (1) permitted the state to introduce evidence of the defendant s prior misconduct and to crossexamine the defendant about other misconduct, and (2) denied his motion for a new trial in which he claimed that the jury improperly interpreted the evidence and the instructions given by the court. We disagree. The jury reasonably could have found the following facts. At approximately 7:30 p.m. on May 18, 1996, John Reilly, a Bristol police officer, was sitting in his police vehicle on Addison Street in Bristol, conducting surveillance in an unrelated matter.2 When he saw the defendant drive a white Oldsmobile into the driveway at 11 Addison Street, Reilly drove his vehicle into the driveway behind the defendant s vehicle. The defendant remained in his vehicle for five to ten seconds, frequently looking into his rearview mirror. He then got out of the vehicle and walked through the yard, keeping his back to Reilly. The defendant walked quickly and with his hands exposed. Reilly thought that the defendant was trying to evade him but perceived no danger. Reilly lost sight of the defendant when he walked behind a garage on the premises. Reilly exited his vehicle and followed the defendant. As Reilly stepped around a corner of the garage, the defendant turned toward him with a gun in his hand and shot Reilly twice, once in the arm and once in the leg. Although he had fallen to the ground, Reilly drew his service weapon and shouted, Police. The defendant ran but stopped in front of Reilly, aimed his gun and fired six more shots at the officer.3 Reilly shot the defendant twice in the left leg before the defendant fled the scene on foot. The defendant was identified as a suspect in the shooting. Kevin Mellon and Brian Suchinski, detectives with the Bristol police department, were assigned to observe 307-309 Main Street in Bristol, where the defendant s mother lived. At about 11:30 p.m., Mellon walked through the backyard of the premises to a vacant lot on Summer Street and saw the defendant across the street, walking toward him. Mellon alerted Suchinski and observed the defendant walk away from him. Both detectives shouted, Stop, police! At first, the defendant did not respond to the detectives but continued walking away. Suddenly, the defendant turned and fired two shots at the detectives. Mellon returned fire, striking the defendant several times. The defendant fell to the ground with his gun still in his hand. The defendant was taken to Bristol Hospital, where he received emergency treatment. While he was being treated, the defendant told Barry McNeil, a physician, that he was in trouble for shooting at several police officers. As he was being transported to Hartford for surgery, the defendant answered, in response to a medically related question from Jamie Young, an emergency medical technician, Because I shot at three police officers. At the Walker Reception Center, where he was incarcerated, the defendant told Brian Sherman, a paramedic, that he shot Reilly in the stomach and fired at Mellon and Suchinski. The defendant told Sherman that he shot Reilly because he, the defendant, was afraid of being arrested and because Reilly worked for the judicial system that had failed the defendant. The defendant also told Sherman that he wished that he had killed Reilly before the officer shot at him, and that he shot at Mellon and Suchinski to take them out before they took me out. At trial, the defendant admitted that he shot Reilly, but claimed that he did so because he was under the influence of hallucinogenic mushrooms. He denied shooting at Mellon and Suchinski. The state introduced evidence from the Oldsmobile and the Addison Street shooting that confirmed that the defendant fired at Reilly. The defendant s fingerprints were found in the Oldsmobile and on the shell casings found at the scene of the shooting. The police, however, found no shell casings from the defendant s gun at the Summer Street shooting scene. The jury returned a verdict of guilty on all counts. The court gave the defendant one week to file posttrial motions. The defendant filed a motion for a new trial, claiming that the jury improperly interpreted the facts in light of the court s jury instructions. The court denied the motion. Following sentencing, the defendant appealed. I The defendant s first claim is that the court improperly permitted the state to introduce evidence of the defendant s prior misconduct and to cross-examine him about other prior misconduct. The state correctly points out that the claim is not reviewable. The defendant waived this claim by agreeing to the court s ruling on his motion in limine.4 Appellate courts do not review rulings that the defendant accepted or requested at trial . . . . (Citation omitted.) State v. Hall, 28 Conn. App. 771, 780, 612 A.2d 135, cert. denied, 224 Conn. 904, 615 A.2d 1045 (1992). For that reason, we will not review the defendant s first claim. II The defendant s second claim is that the court improperly denied his motion for a new trial because the jury improperly interpreted the facts in light of the specifically that the jury speculated about evidence not contained in the record. The defendant s claim concerns his conviction related to his shooting at Mellon and Suchinski, i.e., the two charges of attempt to commit assault of a peace officer, §§ 53a-49 (a) (2)5 and 53a167c (a) (1),6 and two charges of attempt to commit assault in the first degree, §§ 53a-49 (a) (2) and 53a-59 (a) (1)7 (counts four through seven of the information). [O]ur standard of review of the trial court s denial of a motion for a new trial is limited to a determination of whether, by such denial, the court abused its discretion. State v. Rothenberg, 195 Conn. 253, 264, 487 A.2d 545 (1985). State v. Leavitt, 8 Conn. App. 517, 524, 513 A.2d 744, cert. denied, 201 Conn. 810, 516 A.2d 886 (1986). As a reviewing court considering the trial court s decision granting or denying a motion for a new trial, we must be mindful of the trial judge s superior opportunity to assess the proceedings over which he or she has personally presided. (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Munson v. United Technologies Corp., 28 Conn. App. 184, 194 95, 609 A.2d 1066 (1992). The following procedural history is necessary for our review of the defendant s claim. During its deliberations, the jury sent the court a note, asking: We need to know if pointing at somebody constitutes attempted assault in the first degree even though the weapon was not fired. The court responded, I assume by pointing, you mean pointing at somebody with a gun. Is that what you re referring to? The jury responded in the affirmative. The court then reinstructed the jury on that portion of its charge concerning criminal attempt.8 Forty minutes later, the jury returned its guilty verdict, which encompassed counts four through seven of the information. The defendant does not take exception to the court s charge, but argues that the jury misapplied the evidence. At trial, the defendant admitted shooting Reilly, but denied pointing a gun at or shooting Mellon and Suchinski. The state presented testimony from several police officers and a bystander that the defendant had fired at the officers first. The police, however, found no physical evidence such as bullet casings from the defendant s gun at the Summer Street scene. The defendant argues, speculatively, that, because the jury rendered its verdict forty minutes after the court reinstructed it on criminal attempt, the jury misapplied the evidence because there was no version of the evidence that the defendant merely pointed his gun at Mellon and Suchinski. The substance of the defendant s argument is that the jury s verdict was improper unless it conformed to either the state s version of the evidence or the defendant s version of the evidence. We disagree. We cannot speculate, as the [defendant] would have us do, as to how and why the jury arrived at its verdict. Mack v. LaValley, 55 Conn. App. 150, 160, 738 A.2d 718, cert. denied, 251 Conn. 928, 742 A.2d 363 (1999). While the jury may not speculate to reach a conclusion of guilt, [it] may draw reasonable, logical inferences from the facts proven to reach a verdict. State v. Williams, 16 Conn. App. 75, 79, 546 A.2d 943 (1988). We give deference to the trier of fact, who had the opportunity to observe the conduct, demeanor and attitude of the trial witnesses, and to assess their credibility. State v. Miranda, 41 Conn. App. 333, 338, 675 A.2d 925 (1996), rev d on other grounds, 245 Conn. 209, 715 A.2d 680 (1998). The jury can accept all, part or none of the testimony of a witness. State v. Fullard, 5 Conn. App. 338, 342, 497 A.2d 1041 (1985). Where there is sufficient evidence to support a reasonable inference that the defendant intended to commit the crime charged, whether such an inference should be drawn is properly a question for the jury to decide. State v. Morrill, 193 Conn. 602, 609, 478 A.2d 994 (1984). We do not know, on the record before us, how or why the jury found the defendant guilty of both attempt to commit assault of a peace officer and attempt to commit assault in the first degree. The length of time between the jury s having sent its note to the court and when it reached its verdict is of no consequence. The record contains sufficient evidence, when viewed in conjunction with the court s instructions on criminal attempt, from which the jury reasonably could have found the defendant guilty on counts four through seven. The defendant speculates, on the basis of the note to the court, that the jury concluded that the defendant only pointed his gun at Mellon and Suchinski. Although we do not accept the defendant s speculation as fact, for the purposes of our analysis, we conclude that the jury reasonably could have come to the following result: The jury reasonably could have believed that part of the state s evidence proving that the defendant pointed his gun at Mellon and Suchinski, and the defendant s testimony that he did not fire at the officers, and could have concluded that pointing the gun at the officers was a substantial step in the defendant s planned course of conduct. For those reasons, the court did not abuse its discretion by denying the defendant s motion for a new trial. The judgment is affirmed. In this opinion the other judges concurred. 1 The state withdrew the charge against the defendant of criminal use of a firearm in violation of General Statutes § 53a-216. 2 Reilly was watching 11 Addison Street, waiting for the return of a man suspected of having committed domestic violence there. 3 Reilly suffered multiple injuries to his large and small intestines that required a bowel transection. The bones in his left forearm were shattered and required multiple surgeries. Reilly also lost the motor function in the muscles in the front of his left leg and suffers from a condition known as foot drop. He forever will have to wear a leg brace to walk properly. 4 The transcript contains the following colloquy between the court and counsel: [Defense Counsel]: The defense filed a motion this morning, Your Honor, with respect to the prior record. * * * [Defense Counsel]: This was discussed in chambers. I think essentially we probably agree with what the ruling is going to be. The Court: All right. And with respect to one of the convictions was for assault in the first degree. The state is agreeable to refer to that conviction as a felony conviction. [Prosecutor]: Yes. The Court: And with respect to the six counts of bank robbery, the state can refer to those by name. And with respect to the one count of possession of a destructive device, that will be referred to as a felony conviction. Is that the understanding between the parties? [Defense Counsel]: Yes, Your Honor . . . . 5 General Statutes § 53a-49 (a) provides in relevant part: A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime if, acting with the kind of mental state required for commission of the crime, he . . . (2) intentionally does or omits to do anything which, under the circumstances as he believes them to be, is an act or omission constituting a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in his commission of the crime. 6 General Statutes (Rev. to 1995) § 53a-167c (a) provides in relevant part: A person is guilty of assault of a peace officer . . . when, with intent to prevent a reasonably identifiable peace officer . . . from performing his duty, and while such peace officer . . . is acting in the performance of his duties, (1) he causes physical injury to such peace officer . . . . 7 General Statutes § 53a-59 (a) provides in relevant part: A person is guilty of assault in the first degree when: (1) With intent to cause serious physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person by means of a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument . . . . 8 With respect to criminal attempt, the court instructed the jury as follows: A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime if, acting with the kind of mental state required for the commission of the crime, in this case, assault in the first degree, he intentionally does anything which, under the circumstances as he believes them to be, is an act constituting a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in his commission of the assault in the first degree. Under the circumstances, in other words . . . under the circumstances as he believes them to be, he must have engaged in conduct which was a substantial step in a course of conduct which he planned to end in the commission of assault in the first degree. To be a substantial step in that planned course of conduct, his conduct must be strongly corroborative of his criminal purpose; in other words, strongly supportive of his criminal purpose, his criminal intent. Now, preparation to commit a crime standing alone is not necessarily sufficient, but some preparations may be sufficient. Whether the preparation is sufficient to constitute an attempt is a matter of degree. If the preparation done with the intent to commit the crime, intent to commit assault in the first degree here, came very near the completed crime, that will be sufficient even though there still may be something left to be done to complete the crime. The conduct of the defendant, done with the intent to commit the underlying crime, is sufficient if it s adapted to the commission of that crime even thought it fails because of interruption or some other outside cause. It is sufficient if the defendant s acts are the start of a line of conduct which would lead naturally to the commission of the crime, and if that crime appears to the defendant to be possible of commission by the means which he has chosen.
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