State v. Reineke

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NOTICE: THIS DECISION DOES NOT CREATE LEGAL PRECEDENT AND MAY NOT BE CITED EXCEPT AS AUTHORIZED BY APPLICABLE RULES. See Ariz. R. Supreme Court 111(c); ARCAP 28(c); Ariz. R. Crim. P. 31.24 DIVISION ONE FILED: 03/06/2012 RUTH A. WILLINGHAM, CLERK BY: DLL IN THE COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF ARIZONA DIVISION ONE STATE OF ARIZONA, ) ) Appellee, ) ) v. ) ) OMAR JOEY REINEKE, ) ) Appellant. ) ) __________________________________) No. 1 CA-CR 10-0785 DEPARTMENT D MEMORANDUM DECISION (Not for Publication Rule 111, Rules of the Arizona Supreme Court) Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County Cause No. CR2009-007592-001 The Honorable Robert L. Gottsfield, Judge AFFIRMED Thomas C. Horne, Arizona Attorney General By Kent E. Cattani, Chief Counsel, Criminal Appeals/Capital Litigation Division And Joseph T. Maziarz, Assistant Attorney General Attorneys for Appellee Phoenix James J. Haas, Maricopa County Public Defender By Terry J. Adams, Deputy Public Defender Attorneys for Appellant Phoenix S W A N N, Judge ¶1 Around midnight on October 15, 2007, Tempe Police arrived at the AM/PM convenience store on West University Drive to investigate an assault and robbery reported by the victim, J.G. As they searched the area surrounding the store, they discovered a man beaten, unresponsive, and bleeding from the mouth and ear restaurant. lying in an area behind the AM/PM near a As officers rolled him over to prevent him from choking on the blood in his mouth, they discovered abrasions that looked like shoeprints on his side and back. The unconscious man had no identification and no phone and could not identify himself, so when he was taken to the hospital, he was assigned a numeric identifier of Quebec 309. ¶2 Two days later, N.R. contacted Tempe Police to report that his roommate was missing. N.R. told police that he had last seen his roommate at their apartment just one block north of the AM/PM on October 15 at around 8:00 p.m., and he provided an officer with photographs to identify his roommate. The officer was aware of the unidentified victim in the October 15 incident and passed the information he received from N.R. to Tempe Police Detective David Larson. identify the victim roommate, T.L. from the Larson was then able to October 15 assault as N.R. s T.L. spent two months in the hospital, including several days in a coma; he could not remember anything between the hours preceding the assault and Thanksgiving Day 2007. had to undergo physical therapy to speech therapy to regain his speech. 2 learn to walk again He and ¶3 T.L. s cell phone was taken during the assault and used to call the mother of two of the later identified juvenile suspects. When police contacted these suspects, they collected shoes with soles that matched the injuries left on T.L. s back and sides. Continued investigation connected Omar Joey Reineke ( Defendant ) to the juvenile brothers, and Detectives Larson and John McGowan interviewed Defendant -- who was in custody on an unrelated offense -- on November 20, 2008. ¶4 For his involvement in the assaults on J.G. and T.L., Defendant was indicted on September 3, 2009, with two counts of aggravated robbery, a class 3 felony (Counts 1 and 5); one count of theft of a credit card or obtaining a credit card by fraudulent means, a class five felony (Count 2); one count of aggravated assault, a class three dangerous felony (Count 3); one count of aggravated assault, a class six dangerous felony (Count 4); one count of aggravated assault, a class four felony (Count 6); and two counts of armed robbery, a class two felony (Counts 7 and 8).1 An arrest warrant was issued and Defendant was picked up by police on November 24, 2009. ¶5 Defendant moved to suppress his statements to police on the ground that he had invoked his right to remain silent and the officers continued to question him after invocation. 1 The Counts 1 through 4 and 8 are for the crimes against T.L. Counts 5 through 7 are for the crimes against J.G. 3 court held an evidentiary hearing on August 2, 2010, after which it denied custodial Defendant s suspect makes motion, an acknowledging unambiguous that statement once to a either remain silent or to invoke his right to counsel, questioning by police authorities must cease. . . . It just didn t happen in this case. ¶6 Trial began on August 11, 2010. The state called one of the juvenile defendants, who had been given use immunity, but he claimed he did not remember the statements he made to police. The state was then allowed to impeach the juvenile defendant with the audio recording of his interview with police, during which he implicated Defendant in the assault and robbery of T.L. On day four, the state played the audio recording of Defendant s November 20, 2008 interview. The jury returned guilty verdicts on Counts 1 through 4 and Count 8, found dangerousness on Counts 3, 4, and 8 -- those relating to victim T.L. -- and returned not guilty verdicts on all the remaining Counts. The jury also found seven aggravating factors. ¶7 Defendant was sentenced to the presumptive 11.25 years on Count 1; the presumptive 5 years on Count 2; and aggravated sentences of life imprisonment on Counts 3, 4, and 8.2 2 Defendant s sentences on Counts 1, 2 and 3 run concurrent to each other. Counts 4 and 8 are concurrent to each other and consecutive to Counts 1 through 3. 4 ¶8 Defendant timely appeals. We have jurisdiction under A.R.S. §§ 12-120.21(A)(1) and 13-4031. STANDARD OF REVIEW ¶9 We review a trial court s denial of a motion to suppress for an abuse of discretion, but review conclusions of law de novo. State v. Prince, 160 Ariz. 268, 272, 772 P.2d 1121, 1125 (1989); State v. Gonzalez Gutierrez, 187 Ariz. 116, 118, 927 P.2d 776, 778 (1996). We restrict our review to consideration trial of the suppression hearing. facts the court heard at the State v. Blackmore, 186 Ariz. 630, 631, 925 P.2d 1347, 1348 (1996). DISCUSSION ¶10 Under Miranda, criminal suspects subjected to custodial interrogation must be advised of the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent and to Keohane, 516 U.S. 99, 102 (1995). have counsel. Thompson v. As with the right to counsel, invocation of the right to remain silent during a custodial interrogation must be unequivocal cessation of further questioning. and unambiguous to require Berghuis v. Thompkins, 130 S. Ct. 2250, 2260-61 (2010); State v. Amaya-Ruiz, 166 Ariz. 152, 167, 800 P.2d 1260, 1275 (1990) (citing State v. Finehout, 136 Ariz. 226, 229, 665 P.2d 570, 573 (1983)). When invocation is not unequivocal or unambiguous, law enforcement is permitted, but not required, to seek clarification to determine whether the 5 suspect intended to invoke his right to silence under Miranda. Berghuis, 130 S. Ct. at 2259-60; see State v. Lawson, 144 Ariz. 547, 554-55, 698 P.2d 1266, 1273-74 (1985). When the court reviews the admissibility of a confession, it must consider the totality of the circumstances. Lawson, 144 Ariz. at 555, 698 P.2d at 1274. ¶11 Here, there is no dispute that Defendant received Miranda advisements, that he understood his Miranda rights or that he knowingly and voluntarily waived those rights before the relevant portion of the interview -- Defendant s contention is that he asserted the right to remain silent during the following exchange: Detective McGowan (DM): Can you tell us why you were in there that night? Defendant: I can t remember, man. Detective Larson (DL): Starting to recall back what we re here talking about now? What this is about? Defendant: Yeah, well, I already knew what you was talking about . . . (inaudible) DL: Okay. Can we talk about that, then? Defendant: Listen, I m not fin to admit nothin , you know what I mean? DL: You re not going to what? Defendant: I said I m not fin to admit nothing, I did anything or didn t do it, you know what I mean, I m not fin to say nothing. DL: You have nothing to say? 6 Defendant: Nah. DL: Okay. before that? Defendant: You know if Pretty bad. something happened right I can t say that I do. DL: Okay. Well then with, I can t say I m, I pretty much have a straight question. Do you feel like talking to us anymore? Cause we got some more questions with you but if you re not going to answer one way or the other then there s not a whole lot of point what[ ]s going on with the questions. Defendant: ¶12 What s the questions? Defendant asserts that through the above quoted statements, he unequivocally and unambiguously invoked his right to remain silent and that the interviewing detective s further question beyond Defendant s Nah was not to clarify whether he was invoking his silence right but rather that further questioning by the officers was an interrogation technique to have [Defendant] second-guess his right to remain silent. We disagree. ¶13 We find the analysis in Lawson most applicable to the circumstances here. In Lawson, the defendant had waived his right to remain silent after receiving Miranda warnings and was speaking with investigators about his involvement in a murder. 144 Ariz. at 554, 698 P.2d at 1273. The investigators explained what they wanted to talk to defendant about and when asked if he had anything to say, he replied I ve got nothing to say. 7 Id. The investigator then asked, Are you denying being there? to which the defendant responded, Yeah. Id. Our supreme court held that a fair reading of the interview transcript evidenced that the defendant s I ve got nothing to say was not even an ambiguous request that interrogation cease in that it was no more than a response to [the investigator s] questions about whether the defendant had anything to say about the murder, and therefore further questioning was not improper. Id. at 555, 698 P.2d at 1274. ¶14 Here, after the interrogation began to focus on Defendant s known location at 11:40 p.m. on October 15, 2007, McGowan asked, Can you tell us why you were in there that night? to which Defendant replied, I can t remember, man. When Lawson asked him if they could talk about that night, Defendant replied, I m not fin to admit nothin , you know what I mean? Lawson asked him You re not going to what? and Defendant replied, I said I m not fin to say nothing, I did anything or didn t do it, you know what I mean, I m not fin to say nothing. Lawson then asked, You have nothing to say? and Defendant replied, Nah. ¶15 the This series of questions and answers does not lead to conclusion that the detectives were attempting to Defendant to second-guess his right to remain silent. get The detective s questions were simply reprises of the inquiry into 8 whether Defendant had anything to say about that night and the statements that followed were nothing more than responses to those questions -- assertions that Defendant is not willing to admit involvement in the crimes, not that he is unwilling to continue speaking with the detectives. And Defendant s immediate inquiry into the nature of the other questions the detective had belies any suspicion invocation of the right occurred. that the trial court abused that an unequivocal Accordingly, we cannot find its discretion in allowing Defendant s interview to be played for the jury. CONCLUSION ¶16 For the reasons discussed above, we affirm the Defendant s convictions and sentences. /s/ ___________________________________ PETER B. SWANN, Presiding Judge CONCURRING: /s/ ____________________________________ MICHAEL J. BROWN, Judge /s/ ____________________________________ JON W. THOMPSON, Judge 9

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