BAKER v. BRADLEY et al.

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DIVISION ONE FILED: 3/5/2013 RUTH A. WILLINGHAM, CLERK BY: mjt IN THE COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF ARIZONA DIVISION ONE JOHN P. BAKER, ) ) Plaintiff/Appellant, ) ) v. ) ) DEPUTY WARDEN BRADLEY; CO IV ) BASURTO; and ANNE REEDER, ) ) Defendants/Appellees. ) ________________________________) No. 1 CA-CV 11-0389 DEPARTMENT M O P I N I O N Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County Cause No. CV 2010-029521 The Honorable Edward O. Burke, Judge (Retired) JURISDICTION CONFIRMED John P. Baker In Propria Persona Buckeye Thomas C. Horne, Attorney General By Paul E. Carter, Assistant Attorney General Attorneys for Defendants/Appellees Tucson G E M M I L L, Judge ¶1 We address in this opinion the continuing problem of whether a premature notice of appeal has triggered this court s appellate jurisdiction. Plaintiff John P. Baker, an inmate in the of Arizona superior Department court s dismissal Corrections of his ( ADOC ), complaint. appeals Baker the filed a notice of appeal prior to the superior court s entry of final judgment and did not file a new or amended notice of appeal after final judgment. to examine our In the exercise of our independent duty jurisdiction, we have had the issue of our jurisdiction under advisement. ¶2 For the reasons explained herein, we have determined, on a two-to-one vote, that the Barassi exception created by the Arizona Supreme Court in 1981 is applicable here and this court has jurisdiction over this appeal. See Barassi v. Matison, 130 Ariz. 418, 421-22, 636 P.2d 1200, 1203-04 (1981). Our dissenting colleague concludes that we have no jurisdiction because the Barassi exception does not apply. ¶3 We publish this opinion because this court frequently grapples with the question of when premature notices of appeal are sufficient to vest jurisdiction in our court. to dismiss a number of appeals for lack We continue of jurisdiction because of premature notices of appeal. Fields v. Oates, ___ Ariz. ___, 286 P.3d 160 appellate See, e.g., (App. 2012); Ghadimi v. Soraya, ___ Ariz. ___, 285 P.3d 969 (App. 2012); Santee v. Mesa Airlines, Inc., 229 Ariz. 88, 270 P.3d 915 (App. 2012). on this By publishing this opinion, we hope to shed some light subject and to invite the Arizona Supreme Court to further clarify, if necessary, when premature notices of appeal will successfully invoke appellate jurisdiction. 2 BACKGROUND ¶4 In October 2010, Baker filed his complaint in superior court alleging civil rights violations against ADOC employees, Deputy Warden Bradley and Correctional former ADOC employee, Anne Reeder. his constitutional damages. to serve rights and Officer Basurto, and Baker alleged violations of sought injunctive relief and In January 2011, Baker requested an extension of time the defendants. Shortly thereafter, Bradley and Basurto waived service of process, and the court granted Baker an extension until May 18, 2011, to serve Reeder. ¶5 In February 2011, Bradley and Basurto moved to dismiss Baker s complaint on multiple grounds. In the motion, defendants requested attorneys fees and costs pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988 (2006). deferral of the cost In March 2011, Baker filed a motion for of service of defendant Reeder by publication, which the court granted in an order entered March 14, 2011. ¶6 the In an unsigned minute entry entered on April 22, 2011, superior dismiss. court granted Bradley and Basurto s motion to Baker s notice of appeal is signed and dated as of May 12, 2011, 1 stating his intention to appeal from the dismissal 1 Although Baker s notice of appeal was physically filed in superior court on May 16, 2011, the notice is dated and signed by Baker on May 12. Under the prisoner mailbox rule, a pro se prisoner is deemed to have filed his notice of appeal at the time 3 granted in the April 22 minute entry. ¶7 Bradley and Basurto lodged a form of judgment on May 17, 2011, and did not seek an award of attorneys fees. Baker did not file any documentation indicating he had served process on Reeder, and she did not enter an appearance. On June 10, 2011, the superior court entered a signed judgment dismissing the action with prejudice. attorneys fees or costs. The judgment does not mention Baker did not file a new or amended notice of appeal after entry of the signed judgment. ANALYSIS ¶8 This court has an independent duty whether it has jurisdiction over an appeal. to determine Fields, ___ Ariz. at ___, ¶ 7, 286 P.3d at 162; Sorensen v. Farmers Ins. Co. of Ariz., 191 Ariz. 464, 465, 957 P.2d 1007, 1008 (App. 1997). jurisdiction is defined by statute, and we must dismiss Our an it is delivered, properly addressed, to the proper prison authorities to be forwarded to the clerk of the superior court. Mayer v. State, 184 Ariz. 242, 245, 908 P.2d 56, 59 (App. 1995). See also State v. Goracke, 210 Ariz. 20, 23, ¶ 13, 106 P.3d 1035, 1038 (App. 2005) (extending the prisoner mailbox rule to petitions for review). Therefore, Baker s notice of appeal should be deemed to have been filed on the day he delivered the notice of appeal to prison authorities to be forwarded to superior court. Baker may have tendered his notice of appeal to prison authorities on May 12 for transmittal to the superior court. Although the record does not reveal the precise date, we are able to resolve the issues presented herein without determining the exact date. For ease of reference in this opinion, we will use May 12 as the filing date of the notice of appeal. 4 appeal over which we lack jurisdiction. Robinson v. Kay, 225 Ariz. 191, 192, ¶ 4, 236 P.3d 418, 419 (App. 2010). ¶9 Generally, this court s jurisdiction is limited to appeals from final judgments which dispose of all claims and parties. Garza v. Swift Transp. Co., 222 Ariz. 281, 284, 213 P.3d 1008, 1011 (2009); A.R.S § 12-2101(A)(1)(Supp. 2012). In a civil case, a notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days after entry of the judgment being appealed. ARCAP 9(a). All judgments must be in writing and signed by a judge, and entry occurs when the judgment is filed with the clerk. Ariz. R. Civ. P. ( Rule ) 58(a). ¶10 In Barassi, our supreme court addressed jurisdiction over premature notices of appeal. The appellants in Barassi filed a notice of appeal from an unsigned minute entry order denying their motion for new trial. at 1201. 130 Ariz. at 419, 636 P.2d Analyzing Arizona Rule of Civil Appellate Procedure 9(a) and Rule 58(a), the court held that a premature appeal from a minute entry order in which no appellee was prejudiced and in which a subsequent final judgment was entered over which jurisdiction may be exercised need not be dismissed. 422, 636 P.2d at 1204. appeals will be Id. at The court emphasized, however, that dismissed for lack of jurisdiction when a litigant attempts to appeal when a motion is still pending in the trial court or where there is no final judgment. 5 Id. ¶11 Subsequent cases have recognized the limited extent of the exception announced in Barassi. See, e.g., Craig v. Craig, 227 Ariz. 105, 107, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d 624, 626 (2011); Smith v. Ariz. Citizens Clean Elections Comm'n, 212 Ariz. 407, 415, ¶ 37, 132 P.3d 1187, 1195 (2006); Engel v. Landman, 221 Ariz. 504, 508-09, ¶¶ 11-14, 212 P.2d 842, 846-47 (App. 2009). In Craig, the parties filed a notice of appeal and notice of cross-appeal while a motion for new trial was pending. After the superior court denied the motion for new trial, the parties did not file amended or new notices of appeal or cross-appeal. Ariz. at 105, ¶ 2, 253 P.3d at 624. Craig, 227 In affirming this court s decision to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, our supreme court explained that Barassi is limited to situations in which a notice of appeal is filed after the trial court has made its final decision, but before it has entered a formal judgment, if no decision of the court could change and the only remaining task is merely ministerial. Id. at 107, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d at 626 (quoting Smith, 212 Ariz. at 415, ¶ 37, 132 P.3d at 1195). In all other cases, a notice of appeal filed in the absence of a final judgment, or while any party s time-extending motion is pending before the trial court, is ineffective and a nullity. Craig, 227 Ariz. at 107, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d at 626 (citing Smith, 212 Ariz. at 415, ¶ 39, 132 P.3d at 1195). ¶12 We note initially that Baker s May 12 notice of appeal 6 was premature. The April 22 minute entry from which Baker appeals is not a final judgment because it is not signed and does not purport to enter judgment or dismiss the action. Cf. Focal Point, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 149 Ariz. 128, 129, 717 P.2d 432, 433 (1986) (holding that a minute entry can constitute a final judgment only if it is signed by a judge and filed with the clerk); Haywood Sec., Inc. v. Ehrlich, 214 Ariz. 114, 11617, ¶ 14, 149 P.3d 738, 740-41 (2007) (noting the importance of a judge s intent in determining whether the requirements of Rule 58(a) have been met). ¶13 Because Baker s notice of appeal was premature and he did not file a new or amended notice of appeal after the June 10 entry of Barassi final judgment, exception his appeal to allow applies appeal to invoke our jurisdiction. Smith, we must consider whether is the untimely unless premature notice the of In accordance with Craig and the trial court s April 22 minute entry could change and if any remaining [judicial] task is merely ministerial. Craig, 227 Ariz. at 107, ¶¶ 12-13, 253 P.3d at 626; Smith, 212 Ariz. at 415, ¶ 37, 132 P.3d at 1195. We acknowledge some difficulty applying this particular language used by our supreme court, because a minute entry by its very nature always can be amended or revoked prior to final judgment. See Reid v. Reid, 20 Ariz. App. 220, 221, 511 P.2d 664, 665 (1973) (explaining that an unsigned minute entry is not 7 a judgment and the court can alter the rulings contained therein prior to or at time of entry of the final judgment); see also Stevens v. Mehagian's Home Furnishings, Inc., 90 Ariz. 42, 45, 365 P.2d 208, 210 (1961) (confirming that even a signed judgment that does not adjudicate all claims and does not have Rule 54(b) language is subject to modification at any time before entry of the final judgment); Rule 54(b) (absent language of finality, a judgment that does not determine all claims is not final and the decision is subject to revision at any time before entry of judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties ). ¶14 If we were to apply the language from Craig and Smith literally to mean that the Barassi exception applies only if no decision of the court could change this would essentially eliminate the prematurely because the Barassi after a minute final judgment. exception minute entry entry always for but notices before could be of appeal final changed filed judgment, prior to We have considered whether the supreme court may have intended to limit the Barassi exception to the postjudgment context, because of this language from Craig and Smith ( if no decision of the court could change ) and also because many of the leading cases on the Barassi exception address postjudgment motions and notices of appeal. See, e.g., Barassi, 130 Ariz. at 419, 636 P.2d at 1201, Baumann v. Tuton, 180 Ariz. 370, 8 371, 884 P.2d 256, 257 (App. 1994); Performance Funding, LLC v. Barcoon Corp., 197 Ariz. 286, 287, ¶ 3, 3 P.3d 1206, 1207 (App. 2000); Engel, 221 Ariz. at 507-08, ¶ 4, 212 P.3d at 845-46. ¶15 Based on our review of our supreme court s jurisprudence, however, we are persuaded that the court did not intend to limit the Barassi exception to the post-judgment context and also did not intend a literal application of the words if no decision of the court could change. court itself has applied the Barassi The supreme exception in cases involving a notice of appeal filed after a minute entry but prior to a final judgment. See McLaws v. Kruger, 130 Ariz. 317, 318, 636 P.2d 95, 96 (1981); Snell v. McCarty, 130 Ariz. 315, 316-17, 636 P.2d 93, 94-95 (1981). McLaws and Snell, both issued on the same day as Barassi, have never been disapproved and, so far as we can tell, remain good law. Additionally, the supreme court in Smith favorably cited a court of appeals case with an analogous fact pattern, Comeau v. Ariz. State Bd. of Dental Exam'rs, 196 Ariz. describing it as follows: 102, 993 P.2d 1066 (App. 1999), (notice filed after court issued unsigned minute entry, but before clerk entered the judgment). Smith, 212 Ariz. at 415, ¶ 37, 132 P.3d at 1195. ¶16 Smith, McLaws, Snell, and Comeau demonstrate that a limited Barassi exception may be applied to certain notices of appeal filed after issuance of a minute entry but prior to entry 9 of final judgment. from Craig situations and in And a literal application of the language Smith which limiting the decision of no Barassi the would largely eviscerate the exception. court exception could to change If the supreme court had intended such a result, we believe it would have said so. ¶17 We still may conclude, breathe life therefore, into that certain the notices Barassi of exception appeal after a minute entry but prior to a final judgment. filed The next question is whether Baker s premature notice of appeal qualifies for the Barassi exception. ¶18 The cases dismissing appeals for lack of jurisdiction because the notices of appeal were premature contain a common feature. the Specifically, these cases reveal the presence when notice of appeal is filed of a pending motion for substantive relief or a pending issue requiring a discretionary judicial determination. See Craig, 227 Ariz. at 105, ¶ 2, 253 P.3d at 624 (pending motion for new trial and motion to amend the decree); Smith, 212 Ariz. at 415, ¶ 38, 132 P.3d at 1195 (pending motion for rehearing or review); Fields, ___ Ariz. at ___, ¶ 13, 286 P.3d at 164 (pending motion for attorneys fees); Ghadimi, ___ Ariz. at ___, ¶ 13, 285 P.3d at 971 (pending determination of attorneys fees); Santee, 229 Ariz. at 89-90, ¶¶ 7-8, 270 P.3d at 917-18 (pending Rule 68(g) motion); Engel, 221 Ariz. at 509, ¶ 14, 212 P.3d at 847 (pending motion for new 10 trial); Baumann, 180 Ariz. at 371, 884 P.2d at 257 (pending motion for new trial). ¶19 of Accordingly, in ascertaining our jurisdiction in cases premature appeals, we must determine whether there were substantive motions or issues awaiting determination at the time the premature notice of appeal is filed. If so, the ruling of the court could change and the remaining task of the court would not be merely ministerial and, therefore, the premature notice of appeal would be ineffective and a nullity under Craig. See Craig, 227 Ariz. at 107, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d at 626. On the other hand, if the ruling preceding the notice of appeal is a final decision, no substantive motions or issues are pending and none are filed thereafter, and the trial court merely enters a formal judgment consistent with its prior unsigned ruling, the limited Barassi exception will likely apply. The latter category describes the fact pattern here, and Baker s premature notice of appeal fits squarely within the Barassi exception. ¶20 on The April 22 minute entry represents a final decision the merits in light of the final claims involving Bradley and Basurto. Bradley explains and the Basurto s motion court s to ruling. judgment all The minute entry grants dismiss There resolving Baker s were no claims other and pending substantive issues to be decided, and no additional substantive rulings by the court. 11 ¶21 We have considered whether the inclusion of Reeder as a third defendant in the complaint renders Baker s premature notice of appeal ineffective and a nullity under Craig because the April 22 minute entry was not final and could be changed. entry We conclude on this record that the April 22 minute is a framework. final decision under the Craig/Smith/Barassi When Baker filed his notice of appeal on May 12, six days remained for him to serve Reeder. was ever served, nor The record reveals no evidence Reeder did she appear in the action. Although the April 22 minute entry did not address Baker s claims against Reeder, the ruling was a final decision on the issues because Reeder was not served and was not a party for these purposes at that time or any time thereafter. In the context of judgments, it is established that a judgment resolving all claims between the participating parties will be final and appealable, without Rule 54(b) language, even though it does not adjudicate claims against unserved parties who have not appeared in the action. See McHazlett v. Otis Eng g Corp., 133 Ariz. 530, 532, 652 P.2d 1377, 1379 (1982) (holding unserved defendants are not parties, within the meaning of the Rules); Simon v. Maricopa Med. Ctr., 225 Ariz. 55, 58 n.5, ¶ 7, 234, P.3d 623, 626 n.5 (App. 2010) (same); Comerica Bank v. Mahmoodi, 224 Ariz. 289, 291 n.2, ¶ 11, 229 P.3d 1031, 1033 n.2 (App. 2010) (same). 12 ¶22 In McHazlett, our supreme court agreed with several federal courts Arizona s Rule construing 54(b) Federal is based) Rule and 54(b) several (upon state which courts construing similar rules in holding that the better view is that unserved parties are not parties within the rules. 133 Ariz. at 532, 652 P.2d at 1379; see also Cooper v. Pickett, 137 F.3d 616, 621-22 (9th Cir. 1997) (holding an order is final for purposes of appeal if it dismisses all served defendants); Fed. Sav. & Loan Ins. v. Tullos-Pierremont, 894 F.2d 1469, 147276 (5th Cir. 1990) (finding judgment rendered regarding all served defendants is final although unserved parties remain); Insinga v. LaBella, 817 F.2d 1469, 1470 (11th Cir. 1987) (same); Universal Premium Acceptance Corp. v. Pay City Livery, Inc., 115 P.3d 769, 770 (Kan. Ct. App. 2005) (holding a judgment is final when it resolves all claims involving the served parties); Turner v. Kight, 957 A.2d 984, 987 n.3 (Md. 2008) (explaining that a judgment is final if it disposes of all claims against all persons over whom the court has acquired jurisdiction ); Rae v. All Am. Life and Cas. Co., 605 P.2d 196, 197 (Nev. 1979) (observing named as that a [i]t is co-defendant widely is not accepted a party that unless an he individual has been served. ); contra LCA Leasing Corp. v. Bolivar Prof l Pharmacy, Inc., 901 S.W.2d 342, 343 (Mo. Ct. App. 1995) (holding a final judgment must be a disposition of claims against all parties, 13 even those unserved ); York v. Performance Auto, Inc., 264 P.3d 212, 214-15 (Utah Ct. App. 2011) (declining appellate review until an order concludes the litigation regarding all litigants including unserved defendants). ¶23 Because Reeder had not appeared or been served, the trial court had not acquired personal jurisdiction over her and she was not a party under our rules at the time of the April 22 minute entry. There is no evidence she was served between April 22 and May 18, and she did not appear in the action. Accordingly, decision the April resolving 22 the minute entry constituted issues between the a final participating parties. ¶24 May Similarly, when Baker filed his notice of appeal on 12, no determination thereafter. substantive and no motions such or motions issues or were issues were Reeder remained only a potential party. awaiting raised Bradley and Basurto did not present a claim for attorneys fees, and on May 17 they filed a proposed form of judgment that did not address attorneys fees. ¶25 Our dissenting colleague correctly points out that it was possible for Baker to have served Reeder by May 18, the last day to serve her without a further extension. That possibility, however, does not constitute a pending substantive motion or issue, as existed in the cases 14 cited in ¶ 18 above. No substantive issue or motion was pending at the time of the April 22 minute entry or the May 12 notice of appeal. Based on the record before us, there was no reason to expect that Reeder would be served or that she would voluntarily appear at that point. And Reeder was not a party to the action because she had not appeared or been served. It is preferable in our view to on determine jurisdiction based what actually happened, rather than on what might have happened. ¶26 Additionally, the June 10 judgment is consistent with the April 22 minute entry, and entry of the judgment appears to have been a ministerial act. Although Baker did not file a new or amended notice of appeal thereafter, Bradley and Basurto were aware that Baker intended to appeal the substantive ruling in the April 22 minute entry, and they were not prejudiced by the prematurity of the notice of appeal. See Barassi, 130 Ariz. at 422, 636 P.2d at 1204. ¶27 We also note that some premature notices of appeal result in disruption of the trial process, confusion over which court trial inefficiency. or appellate has jurisdiction, and overall See Barassi, 130 Ariz. at 421, 636 P.2d at 1203; Craig, 227 Ariz. at 106, ¶ 9, 253 P.3d at 625. Baker s notice of appeal, however, did not cause any disruption in the trial court or confusion over which court had jurisdiction. 15 CONCLUSION ¶28 For these reasons, the Barassi exception applies to Baker s premature notice of appeal, and the notice is therefore effective to vest appellate jurisdiction in our court. Because this court has jurisdiction over this appeal, the Clerk of this court is directed to place this appeal on the calendar for a determination on the merits of the appeal. /s/ __________________________________ JOHN C. GEMMILL, Judge CONCURRING: /s/ ___________________________________ PHILIP HALL, Judge O R O Z O C O, JUDGE dissenting. ¶29 I respectfully dissent. I find that Baker s premature notice of appeal was ineffective and a nullity under Craig and Smith because there were unresolved issues at the time Baker filed his notice of appeal. ¶30 The Barassi exception, as it has been applied and interpreted in subsequent supreme court cases, does not apply to Baker s notice of appeal. See Craig, 227 Ariz. at 107, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d at 626; Smith, 212 Ariz. at 415, ¶ 37, 132 P.3d at 1195. In Craig, our supreme court explained that the Barassi 16 exception is limited to situations in which a notice of appeal is filed after the trial court has made its final decision, but before it has entered a formal judgment, if no decision of the court could change ministerial. and the only remaining task is merely Id. at 107, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d at 626 (quoting Smith, 212 Ariz. at 415, ¶ 37, 132 P.3d at 1195). In all other cases, a notice of appeal filed in the absence of a final judgment, or while any party s time-extending motion is pending before the trial court, is ineffective and a nullity. Craig, 227 Ariz. at 107, ¶ 13, 253 P.3d at 626; see also Black s Law Dictionary 1095 (7th ed. 1999) (defining nullity as [s]omething that is legally void ). ¶31 In accordance with Craig and Smith, the pertinent question here is whether the superior court, in its April 22, 2011 minute entry, had issued a final decision such that no decision of the court could change. 253 P.3d at 626. 227 Ariz. at 107, ¶ 13, A straightforward reading of Craig prohibits the application of the Barassi exception if there are unresolved issues that could change the court s decision expressed in the minute entry. Craig requires this determination to be made at the time of the minute entry. ¶32 The decision set forth in the unsigned minute entry was not final and could have changed. When the court issued its minute entry on April 22, Baker still had until May 18 to serve 17 the additional apparently served defendant, never after served, April 22 Reeder. the fact necessarily Although that she means Reeder could that have the was been decision expressed in the April 22 minute entry could have changed. The majority relies in part on the fact that Baker missed the May 18 deadline to serve Reeder. This is irrelevant, because at the time Baker filed his notice of appeal on May 12, he could have served Reeder. This possibility means the final decision could change and Baker s notice of appeal made in the absence of a final judgment is a nullity under Craig. ¶33 the Regarding the unserved defendant, I also disagree with majority that our supreme court s analysis in McHazlett supports the finding that the April 22 minute entry was a final decision that could not change. principles case. In in McHazlett McHazlett, are after The facts and applicable legal distinguishable three years from of the present litigation, the superior court entered an order evidently signed - dismissing the case. 133 Ariz. at 532, 652 P.2d at 1379. The court reasoned that it was clear during the long three year litigation that plaintiff made no attempt to serve the other defendants, five of which were fictitious defendants. Id. Conversely, in this case, the superior court entered an unsigned minute entry dismissing two of the three parties. made specific claims against each 18 In Baker s complaint, he party, who are all real individuals. The court s minute entry was issued six months, not three years, after Baker filed his complaint. ¶34 More importantly, the record reveals Baker intended to proceed with his claims against Reeder. Baker obtained an extension of time until May 18 to accomplish service of process, and in March 2011 he sought and obtained permission to serve Reeder by publication. April 22 minute appeal. Baker could have served Reeder after the entry and even after filing his notice of Moreover, in his response to the motion to dismiss, Baker addressed his claims against Reeder. In their reply in support of their motion to dismiss, Bradley and Basurto noted they were not addressing Baker s claims against Reeder because they had no authority action. I conclude McHazlett that to on those represent this Reeder s record unserved that named interest the in reasoning defendants were the in not parties for purposes of Rule 54(b) does not apply in the present case. Here, there was a appeals if Reeder had been served. possibility of piecemeal Furthermore, the precise question here is not simply whether Reeder should be considered a party superior but, court rather, in its whether April the 22 substantive unsigned ruling minute entry of the could change before entry of a final judgment. ¶35 Because the April 22 minute entry was unsigned and could have been changed or supplemented, it was not final by the 19 time Baker s notice of appeal was filed. When Baker filed his notice of appeal on May 12, 2011, a final judgment had not been entered and there was still time to serve process on Reeder. Accordingly, the Barassi exception does not apply and Baker s premature notice of appeal is ineffective and a nullity under Craig and Smith. To invoke our appellate jurisdiction, Baker needed to file a new or amended notice of appeal after the June 10 entry of the judgment. ¶36 He did not do so. Because I believe we should dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction, I respectfully dissent. /s/ ___________________________________ PATRICIA A. OROZCO, Presiding Judge 20

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