Lisle Company, Inc. v. Phenix City Board of Education
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The Phenix City Board of Education ("the Board") sought mandamus relief from the Russell Circuit Court's denial of the Board's motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for a summary judgment on claims brought against it by The Lisle Company, Inc. ("Lisle"). Because the Board is immune from suit pursuant to § 14, Ala. Const. 1901, the Supreme Court granted the Board's petition and issued the writ.
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Rel: 10/19/12 Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the advance sheets of Southern Reporter. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Alabama Appellate Courts, 300 Dexter Avenue, Montgomery, Alabama 36104-3741 ((334) 2290649), of any typographical or other errors, in order that corrections may be made before the opinion is printed in Southern Reporter. SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA OCTOBER TERM, 2012-2013 ____________________ 1111303 ____________________ Ex parte Phenix City Board of Education PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS (In re: The Lisle Company, Inc. v. Phenix City Board of Education et al.) (Russell Circuit Court, CV-11-116) WOODALL, Justice. The Phenix City Board of Education ("the Board") seeks mandamus relief from the Russell Circuit Court's denial of the Board's motion to dismiss or, in the alternative, for a 1111303 summary judgment on claims brought against it by The Lisle Company, Inc. ("Lisle"). Because the Board is immune from suit pursuant to § 14, Ala. Const. 1901, we grant the Board's petition and issue the writ. In October 2007, Lisle contracted with the Board to construct a facility known as "The New Central High Freshman Academy." Controversies arose between Lisle and the Board during construction. According to the Board, Lisle refused to cure to the Board's satisfaction defects identified by the project architect. In June 2010, the Board notified Lisle that the contract was being terminated. The Board also made a demand on Berkley Regional Insurance Company, which was acting as surety for Lisle, for completion of the work. The Board argues that negotiations for completion of the work continue, but that, as of the filing of this petition, the Board has not fully accepted the work on the project. The Board also alleges that the parties have not reached an agreement as to whether the Board owes Lisle money or whether Lisle owes the Board money. Lisle, however, contends that it "performed the contract properly and that the Board has failed 2 1111303 and refused contract." to pay amounts remaining ... [under] the Lisle's brief, at iv. In June 2011, Lisle sued the Board and the project architect, alleging claims of breach of contract and quantum meruit. The Board moved the circuit court to dismiss the claims against it or, in the alternative, to enter a summary judgment in the Board's favor, arguing that the Board is a State agency and, therefore, is entitled to immunity pursuant to § 14, Ala. Const. 1901. After a hearing, the circuit court denied the Board's motion. The Board has petitioned this Court for mandamus relief from that order. This Court recently stated: "Section 14, Ala. Const. 1901, provides '[t]hat the State of Alabama shall never be made a defendant in any court of law or equity.' It is well settled in Alabama that '[l]ocal school boards are agencies of the State, not of the local governmental units they serve, and they are entitled to the same absolute immunity as other agencies of the State.'" Ex parte Montgomery County Bd. of Educ., 88 So. 3d 837, 841 (Ala. 2012) (quoting Ex parte Bessemer Bd. of Educ., 68 So. 3d 782, 789 (Ala. 2011)). This Court has also stated that, "[l]ike county school boards, [city boards of education] are agencies of the state, empowered 3 to administer public 1111303 education within the cities," Enterprise City Bd. of Educ. v. Miller, 348 So. 2d 782, 783 (Ala. 1977), and that "city boards of education [are] immune from civil actions." Ex parte Phenix City Bd. of Educ., 67 So. 3d 56, 59 (Ala. 2011) (citing Miller). Lisle concedes that the Board is a State agency and that it is immune from suit on tort claims and claims of breach of an implied contract. However, Lisle argues that § 14 immunity does not, and should not, apply to the express contractual obligations voluntarily undertaken by the Board in this case. However, our caselaw supports no such distinction. "It is well established that the State and its agencies have absolute immunity from suit, not simply immunity from certain claims. That is the plain meaning of § 14 ('the State of Alabama shall never be made a defendant in any court'). See also Mitchell v. Davis, 598 So. 2d 801, 806 (Ala. 1992) ('The State and its agencies have absolute immunity from suit in any court under [§ 14].'). ... For actions against the State or one of its agencies, there are no exceptions ...." Alabama Dep't of Corr. v. Montgomery Cnty. Comm'n, 11 So. 3d 189, 194 (Ala. 2008). As an agency of the State, the Board has a clear legal right under § 14 to absolute immunity from suit. Therefore, we grant the Board's petition and instruct the circuit court to dismiss the claims against the Board. 4 1111303 PETITION GRANTED; WRIT ISSUED. Malone, C.J., and Murdock and Main, JJ., concur. Bolin, J., concurs specially. 5 1111303 BOLIN, Justice (concurring specially). I concur fully with the main opinion. I write specially to quote from the Phenix City Board of Education's reply brief as to what should be the denouement of this mandamus relief, as well as future similar proceedings involving sovereign immunity under § 14, Ala. Const. 1901: "To defeat the prohibition of § 14, the State official, and not the State agency (emphasis added [in reply brief]), must be the named defendant and the facts of the litigation must fit into one of the recognized 'exceptions.' If those requirements are not met, the trial court has no subject matter jurisdiction. Because it does not have subject matter jurisdiction, the trial court cannot allow amendments to add the State official as a named defendant. Ex parte Alabama Department of Transportation, 6 So. 3d 1126 (Ala. 2008) ...; [Ex parte Alabama Department of Transportation, 978 So. 2d 17 (Ala. 2007)]." (Petitioner's reply brief, pp. 10-11.) Such is the path plaintiffs must take to scale the "'almost invincible'" "'wall of [sovereign] immunity'" and imbue a trial court with the subject-matter jurisdiction necessary to determine whether an action against the State of Alabama or one of its agencies falls within one of the six categories of actions not prohibited by Art. I, § 14, Ala. Const. 1901. Board of Sch. Comm'rs of Mobile Cnty. v. Weaver, [Ms. 1110049, June 29, 2012] So. 3d 6 , (Ala. 1111303 2012)(quoting Alabama State Docks v. Saxon, 631 So. 2d 943, 946 (Ala. 1994)). 7
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