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2025 Code of Virginia
Title 45.2 - Mines, Minerals, and Energy
Chapter 16 - Virginia Gas and Oil Act
Article 1. General Provisions
- § 45.2-1600. Definitions
- § 45.2-1601. Regulation of coal surface mining not affected by chapter
- § 45.2-1602. Construction; purposes
- § 45.2-1603. Virginia Gas and Oil Board; membership; compensation
- § 45.2-1604. Duties and responsibilities of the Director; Virginia Gas and Oil Inspector
- § 45.2-1605. Exclusivity of regulation and enforcement
- § 45.2-1606. Confidentiality
- § 45.2-1607. Expenditure of funds
- § 45.2-1608. Violations; penalties
- § 45.2-1609. Appeals; venue; standing
- § 45.2-1610. Copy of lease to lessor
- § 45.2-1611. Objections by coal owner
- § 45.2-1612. Distance limitations of certain wells
Article 2. Gas and Oil Conservation
- § 45.2-1613. Meetings of the Board; notice; general powers and duties
- § 45.2-1614. Additional duties and responsibilities of the Board
- § 45.2-1615. Applicability and construction
- § 45.2-1616. Statewide spacing of wells
- § 45.2-1617. Voluntary pooling of interests in drilling units; validity of unit agreements
- § 45.2-1618. Notice of hearing; standing; form of hearing
- § 45.2-1619. Field rules and drilling units for wells; hearings and orders
- § 45.2-1620. Pooling of interests in drilling units
- § 45.2-1621. Coalbed methane gas; ownership
- § 45.2-1622. Pooling of interests for coalbed methane gas wells; conflicting claims to ownership
- § 45.2-1623. Conflicting claims of ownership; arbitration
- § 45.2-1624. Release of funds held in escrow or suspense because of conflicting claims to coalbed methane gas
- § 45.2-1625. Appeals of the Director's decisions; notices; hearings and orders
- § 45.2-1626. Enforcement
- § 45.2-1627. Standing when Director or Board fails to act
- § 45.2-1628. Recording of orders
Article 3. Regulation of Gas and Oil Development and Production
- § 45.2-1629. Duties, responsibilities, and authority of the Director
- § 45.2-1630. Powers, duties, and responsibilities of the Inspector
- § 45.2-1631. Permit required; gas, oil, or geophysical operations; coalbed methane gas wells; environmental assessment
- § 45.2-1632. Notice of permit applications and permit modification applications required; content
- § 45.2-1633. Bonding and financial security required
- § 45.2-1634. Gas and Oil Plugging and Restoration Fund
- § 45.2-1635. Expiration of permits
- § 45.2-1636. Abandonment or cessation of well or corehole operation; plugging required
- § 45.2-1637. Objections to permits; hearing
- § 45.2-1638. Appeals of Director's decisions to the Board
- § 45.2-1639. Persons required to register; designated agents
- § 45.2-1640. Report of permitted activities and production required; contents
- § 45.2-1641. Developing a gas or oil well as a water well
- § 45.2-1642. Orphaned Well Fund; orphaned wells
- § 45.2-1643. Interference by injection wells with groundwater supply
- § 45.2-1644. Safety in coalbed methane gas, oil, and geophysical operations
Article 4. Drilling for Gas or Oil in the Chesapeake Bay or Tidewater Virginia; Hydraulic Fracturing
- § 45.2-1645. Chesapeake Bay; drilling for gas or oil prohibited
- § 45.2-1646. Tidewater Virginia; drilling for gas or oil prohibited in certain areas
- § 45.2-1647. Hydraulic fracturing; groundwater management area
Article 5. Replacement of Water by Gas Well Operators
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