2019 Code of Virginia
Title 13.1 - Corporations
Chapter 10 - Virginia Nonstock Corporation Act

Article 1. General Provisions

• § 13.1-801. Short title
• § 13.1-802. Reservation of power to amend or repeal
• § 13.1-803. Definitions
• § 13.1-804. Filing requirements
• § 13.1-804.1. Filing with the Commission pursuant to reorganization
• § 13.1-805. Issuance of certificate by Commission; recordation of documents
• § 13.1-806. Effective time and date of document
• § 13.1-807. Correcting filed articles
• § 13.1-808. Evidentiary effect of copy of filed document
• § 13.1-809. Certificate of good standing
• § 13.1-810. Notices and other communications
• § 13.1-810.1. Number of members
• § 13.1-811. Penalty for signing false documents
• § 13.1-812. Unlawful to transact or offer to transact business as a corporation unless authorized
• § 13.1-813. Hearing and finality of Commission action; injunctions
• § 13.1-814. Shares of stock and dividends prohibited
• § 13.1-814.1. Special provisions for community associations

Article 2. Fees

• § 13.1-815. Fees to be collected by Commission; payment of fees prerequisite to Commission action; exceptions
• § 13.1-815.1. Charter and entrance fees for corporations
• § 13.1-816. Fees for filing documents or issuing certificates
• § 13.1-817. Repealed

Article 3. Formation of Corporations

• § 13.1-818. Incorporators
• § 13.1-819. Articles of incorporation
• § 13.1-820. Issuance of certificate of incorporation
• § 13.1-821. Liability for preincorporation transactions
• § 13.1-822. Organization of corporation
• § 13.1-823. Bylaws
• § 13.1-824. Emergency bylaws

Article 4. Purposes and Powers

• § 13.1-825. Purposes
• § 13.1-826. General powers
• § 13.1-827. Emergency powers
• § 13.1-828. Ultra vires

Article 5. Name

• § 13.1-829. Corporate name
• § 13.1-830. Reserved name
• § 13.1-831. Registered name
• § 13.1-832. Repealed

Article 6. Office and Agent

• § 13.1-833. Registered office and registered agent
• § 13.1-834. Change of registered office or registered agent
• § 13.1-835. Resignation of registered agent
• § 13.1-836. Service on corporation

Article 7. Members and Meetings

• § 13.1-837. Members
• § 13.1-838. Annual meeting
• § 13.1-839. Special meeting
• § 13.1-840. Court-ordered meeting
• § 13.1-841. Corporate action without meeting
• § 13.1-842. Notice of meeting
• § 13.1-843. Waiver of notice
• § 13.1-844. Record date
• § 13.1-844.1. Conduct of the meeting
• § 13.1-844.2. Remote participation in annual and special meetings
• § 13.1-845. Members' list for meeting
• § 13.1-846. Voting entitlement of members
• § 13.1-847. Proxies
• § 13.1-847.1. Voting procedures and inspectors of elections
• § 13.1-848. Corporation's acceptance of votes
• § 13.1-849. Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups
• § 13.1-850. Action by single and multiple voting groups
• § 13.1-851. Change in quorum or voting requirements
• § 13.1-852. Voting for directors; cumulative voting

Article 7.1. Member or Director Agreements

• § 13.1-852.1. Member or director agreements
• § 13.1-852.2. Voting agreements

Article 8. Directors and Officers

• § 13.1-853. Requirement for and duties of board of directors
• § 13.1-854. Qualification of directors
• § 13.1-855. Number and election of directors
• § 13.1-856. Election of directors by certain classes of members
• § 13.1-857. Terms of directors generally
• § 13.1-858. Staggered terms of directors
• § 13.1-859. Resignation of directors
• § 13.1-860. Removal of directors
• § 13.1-861. Judicial review of elections
• § 13.1-862. Vacancy on board of directors
• § 13.1-863. Compensation of directors
• § 13.1-864. Meetings of the board of directors
• § 13.1-865. Action without meeting of board of directors
• § 13.1-866. Notice of board of directors' meetings
• § 13.1-867. Waiver of notice by director
• § 13.1-868. Quorum and voting by directors
• § 13.1-869. Committees
• § 13.1-870. General standards of conduct for directors
• § 13.1-870.1. Limitation on liability of officers and directors; exception
• § 13.1-870.2. Limitation on liability of officers and directors; additional exception
• § 13.1-871. Director conflict of interests
• § 13.1-871.1. Business opportunities
• § 13.1-872. Required officers
• § 13.1-873. Duties of officers
• § 13.1-874. Resignation and removal of officers

Article 9. Indemnification

• § 13.1-875. Definitions
• § 13.1-876. Authority to indemnify
• § 13.1-877. Mandatory indemnification
• § 13.1-878. Advance for expenses
• § 13.1-879. Repealed
• § 13.1-879.1. Court orders for advances, reimbursement or indemnification
• § 13.1-880. Determination and authorization of indemnification
• § 13.1-881. Indemnification of officers
• § 13.1-882. Insurance
• § 13.1-883. Application of article

Article 10. Amendment of Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

• § 13.1-884. Authority to amend articles of incorporation
• § 13.1-885. Amendment of articles of incorporation by directors
• § 13.1-886. Amendment of articles of incorporation by directors and members
• § 13.1-887. Voting on amendments by voting groups
• § 13.1-887.1. Amendment prior to organization
• § 13.1-888. Articles of amendment
• § 13.1-889. Restated articles of incorporation
• § 13.1-890. Repealed
• § 13.1-891. Effect of amendment of articles of incorporation
• § 13.1-892. Amendment of bylaws by board of directors or members
• § 13.1-893. Bylaw provisions increasing quorum or voting requirements for directors

Article 11. Merger

• § 13.1-893.1. Definitions
• § 13.1-894. Merger
• § 13.1-895. Action on plan of merger
• § 13.1-896. Articles of merger
• § 13.1-897. Effect of merger
• § 13.1-897.1. Abandonment of a merger
• § 13.1-898. Repealed

Article 11.1. Domestication

• § 13.1-898.2. Domestication
• § 13.1-898.3. Action on plan of domestication by a domestic corporation
• § 13.1-898.4. Articles of domestication
• § 13.1-898.5. Surrender of articles of incorporation upon domestication
• § 13.1-898.6. Effect of domestication
• § 13.1-898.7. Abandonment of domestication

Article 12. Sale of Assets

• § 13.1-899. Sale of assets in regular course of business
• § 13.1-900. Sale of assets other than in regular course of business
• § 13.1-901. Sale of certain real property by incorporated educational institutions

Article 13. Dissolution

• § 13.1-902. Dissolution by directors and members
• § 13.1-903. Dissolution by directors
• § 13.1-904. Articles of dissolution
• § 13.1-905. Revocation of dissolution
• § 13.1-906. Effect of dissolution
• § 13.1-907. Distribution and plan of distribution of assets
• § 13.1-908. Known claims against dissolved corporation
• § 13.1-908.1. Other claims against dissolved corporation
• § 13.1-908.2. Court proceedings
• § 13.1-908.3. Director duties
• § 13.1-909. Grounds for judicial dissolution
• § 13.1-910. Receivership or custodianship
• § 13.1-911. Decree of dissolution
• § 13.1-912. Articles of termination of corporate existence
• § 13.1-913. Termination of corporate existence by incorporators or initial directors
• § 13.1-914. Automatic termination of corporate existence
• § 13.1-915. Involuntary termination of corporate existence
• § 13.1-916. Reinstatement of a corporation that has ceased to exist
• § 13.1-917. Survival of remedy after termination of corporate existence
• § 13.1-918. Repealed

Article 14. Foreign Corporations

• § 13.1-919. Authority to transact business required
• § 13.1-920. Consequences of transacting business without authority
• § 13.1-921. Application for certificate of authority
• § 13.1-922. Amended certificate of authority
• § 13.1-923. Effect of certificate of authority
• § 13.1-924. Corporate name of foreign corporation
• § 13.1-925. Registered office and registered agent of foreign corporation
• § 13.1-926. Change of registered office or registered agent of a foreign corporation
• § 13.1-927. Resignation of registered agent of foreign corporation
• § 13.1-928. Service of process on foreign corporation
• § 13.1-928.1. Merger of foreign corporation authorized to transact business in Commonwealth
• § 13.1-928.2. Entity conversion of foreign corporation authorized to transact business in Commonwealth
• § 13.1-929. Withdrawal of foreign corporation
• § 13.1-930. Automatic revocation of certificate of authority
• § 13.1-931. Involuntary revocation of certificate of authority
• § 13.1-931.1. Reinstatement of foreign corporation whose certificate of authority has been withdrawn or revoked

Article 15. Records and Reports

• § 13.1-932. Corporate records
• § 13.1-933. Inspection of records by members
• § 13.1-934. Scope of inspection right
• § 13.1-935. Court-ordered inspection
• § 13.1-935.1. Inspection of records by directors
• § 13.1-936. Annual report of domestic and foreign corporations
• § 13.1-936.1. Annual registration fees to be paid by domestic and foreign corporations; penalty for failure to pay timely
• § 13.1-936.2. Collection of unpaid bills for registration fees

Article 16. Transition Provisions

• § 13.1-937. Application to existing corporations
• § 13.1-938. Application to certain social, patriotic and benevolent societies incorporated before year 1900; reports by such societies
• § 13.1-939. Saving provision
• § 13.1-940. Repealed
• § 13.1-941. Repealed

Article 17. Conversion to a Stock Corporation

• § 13.1-941.01. Conversion to a domestic stock corporation
• § 13.1-942. Articles of restatement
• § 13.1-943. Fees
• § 13.1-944. Effect of conversion

Article 17.1. Conversion to a Limited Liability Company

• § 13.1-944.1. Definitions
• § 13.1-944.2. Entity conversion
• § 13.1-944.3. Plan of entity conversion
• § 13.1-944.4. Action on plan of entity conversion
• § 13.1-944.5. Articles of entity conversion
• § 13.1-944.6. Effect of entity conversion
• § 13.1-944.7. Abandonment of entity conversion

Article 18. Miscellaneous Provisions

• § 13.1-945. Property title records
• § 13.1-946. Reserved