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2021 Utah Code
Title 78B - Judicial Code
Chapter 6 - Particular Proceedings
Part 21 - Cause of Action for Minors Injured by Pornographic Material
Section 2105 - Civil action for enforcement -- Penalties.
Universal Citation: UT Code § 78B-6-2105 (2021)
Effective 5/12/2020
78B-6-2105. Civil action for enforcement -- Penalties.
Enacted by Chapter 442, 2020 General Session
78B-6-2105. Civil action for enforcement -- Penalties.
- (1) A person who predominately distributes or otherwise predominately provides pornographic material to consumers with the intent to earn revenue or profit directly or indirectly from the distribution may not distribute any obscene material or performance as defined in Section 76-10-1203 without first giving a clear and reasonable warning of the harmful impact of exposing minors to the material or performance. The warning of the harm shall be prominently displayed in the following form:
STATE OF UTAH WARNING
Exposing minors to obscene material may damage or negatively impact minors.
- (2)
- (a) For print publications created after May 12, 2020, the warning in Subsection (1) shall be placed in clear, readable type on the cover of each publication which includes material as defined in Section 76-10-1201.
- (b) For digital publications:
- (i) the warning in Subsection (1) shall be displayed in searchable text format and for at least five seconds prior to the display of any video or each image which includes material as defined in Section 76-10-1201; or
- (ii) if the website complies with Subsection 78B-6-2103(3), it is not required to display the warning in Subsection (1) prior to each video or image contained on the website.
- (3) A person who violates this section shall be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $2,500 per violation, plus filing fees and attorney fees, in addition to any other penalty established by law, and enjoined from further violations. The civil penalty may be assessed and recovered in a civil action brought in any court of competent jurisdiction. Each of the following violations shall create a separate liability per violation:
- (a) the sale or display of potentially harmful content without the warning required in Subsection (1), in accordance with Subsection (2); or
- (b) the absence of the following searchable text within the website's metadata - utahobscenitywarning.
- (4) The determination by a court as to whether a person is distributing material the state considers to be obscene material or performance as defined in Section 78B-6-1203 shall be proven by clear and convincing evidence. All other elements of proof shall be proven by a preponderance of the evidence.
- (5) The court, in ordering payment, shall specify each amount for the civil penalty, filing fees, and attorney fees.
- (6) In assessing the amount of a civil penalty for a violation of this chapter, the court shall consider all of the following:
- (a) the nature and extent of the violation;
- (b) the number and severity of the violations;
- (c) the economic effect of the penalty on the violator;
- (d) whether the violator took good faith measures to comply with this chapter and when those measures were taken;
- (e) the willfulness of the violator's misconduct;
- (f) the deterrent effect that the imposition of the penalty would have on both the violator and the regulated community as a whole; and
- (g) any other factor that the court determines justice requires.
- (7) Actions pursuant to this section may be brought by the attorney general's office in the name of the people of the state or by a private person in accordance with Subsection (8).
- (8) A private person may bring an action in the public interest pursuant to this section if:
- (a) the person has served notice of an alleged violation of Section 78B-6-2103 on the alleged violator and the attorney general's office;
- (b) the attorney general's office has not provided a letter to the noticing party within 60 days of receipt of the notice of an alleged violation indicating that:
- (i) an action is currently being pursued or will be pursued by the attorney general's office regarding the violation; or
- (ii) the attorney general believes that there is no merit to the action; and
- (c) the alleged violator has not responded to the notice of alleged violation or returned the proof of compliance form provided in Subsection (14).
- (9) If a lawsuit is commenced, the plaintiff may include additional violations in the claim that are discovered through the discovery process.
- (10) Notice of the alleged violation shall be executed by the attorney for the noticing party, or by the noticing party, if the noticing party is not represented by an attorney, and include a notice of alleged violation. The notice of alleged violation shall:
- (a) state that the person executing the notice believes that there is a violation; and
- (b) provide factual information sufficient to establish the basis for the alleged violation.
- (11) A person who serves a notice of alleged violation identified in Subsection (10) shall complete and provide to the alleged violator at the time the notice of alleged violation is served, a notice of special compliance procedure and proof of compliance form pursuant to Subsection (14). The person may file an action against the alleged violator, or recover from the alleged violator if:
- (a) the notice of alleged violation alleges that the alleged violator failed to provide a clear and reasonable warning as required under Subsection (1); and
- (b) within 14 days after receipt of the notice of alleged violation, the alleged violator has not:
- (i) corrected the alleged violation and all similar violations known to the alleged violator;
- (ii) agreed to pay a penalty for the alleged violation in the amount of $500 per violation; and
- (iii) notified, in writing, the noticing party that the violation has been corrected.
- (12) The written notice required in Subsection (11)(b)(iii) shall be the notice of special compliance procedure and proof of compliance form specified in Subsection (14). The alleged violator shall deliver the civil penalty to the noticing party within 30 days of receipt of the notice of alleged violation.
- (13) The attorney general shall review the notice of alleged violation and may confer with the noticing party. If the attorney general believes there is no merit to the action, the attorney general shall, within 45 days of receipt of the notice of alleged violation, provide a letter to the noticing party and the alleged violator stating that the attorney general believes there is no merit to the action.
- (14) The notice required to be provided to an alleged violator pursuant to Subsection (11) shall be presented as follows:
Date:
Name of Noticing Party or attorney for Noticing Party:
Address:
Phone number:
SPECIAL COMPLIANCE PROCEDURE
PROOF OF COMPLIANCE
You are receiving this form because the Noticing Party listed above has alleged that you are in violation of Utah Code Section 78B-6-2103.
The Noticing Party may bring legal proceedings against you for the alleged violation checked below if:
(1) you have not actually taken the corrective steps that you have certified in this form;
(2) the Noticing Party has not received this form at the address shown above, accurately completed by you, postmarked within 14 days of your receiving this notice; and
(3) the Noticing Party does not receive the required $500 penalty payment for each violation alleged from you at the address shown above postmarked within 30 days of your receiving this notice.
PART 1: TO BE COMPLETED BY THE NOTICING PARTY OR ATTORNEY FOR THE NOTICING PARTY
This notice of alleged violation is for failure to warn against an exposure to minors of materials considered harmful to minors. (provide complete description of violation, including when and where observed)
Date:
Name of Noticing Party or attorney for Noticing Party:
Address:
Phone number:
PART 2: TO BE COMPLETED BY THE ALLEGED VIOLATOR OR AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
Certification of Compliance
Accurate completion of this form will demonstrate that you are now in compliance with Utah Code Section 78B-6-2103, for the alleged violation listed above. You must complete and submit the form below to the Noticing Party at the address shown above, postmarked within 14 days of you receiving this notice.
I hereby agree to pay, within 30 days of receipt of this notice, a penalty of $500 for each violation alleged to the Noticing Party only and certify that I have complied with by (check only one of the following):
[ ] Posting a warning or warnings, and attaching a copy of that warning and a photograph accurately showing its placement on the print or digital publication.
[ ] Eliminating the alleged exposure, and attaching a statement accurately describing how the alleged exposure has been eliminated.
CERTIFICATION
My statements on this form, and on any attachments to it, are true, complete, and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and are made in good faith. I have carefully read the instructions to complete this form. I understand that if I make a false statement on this form, I may be subject to additional penalties under Utah Code Section 76-10-1206.
Signature of alleged violator or authorized representative:
Date:
Name and title of signatory:
- (15) An alleged violator may satisfy the conditions set forth in Subsection (14) only one time for a specific violation.
- (16) Notwithstanding Subsection (14), the attorney general may file an action pursuant to Subsection (7) against an alleged violator. In any action, the amount of any civil penalty for a violation shall be reduced to reflect any payment made by the alleged violator to a private person in accordance with Subsection (14) for the same alleged violation.
- (17) Payments shall be made in accordance with this section.
- (a) A civil penalty ordered by the court shall be paid to the plaintiff as directed by the court.
- (b) A penalty paid in accordance with the special compliance procedure in Subsection (14) shall be made directly to the noticing party.
- (18) The Utah Office for Victims of Crime shall receive 50% of any penalty paid in accordance with this section. Funds received shall be deposited in the Crime Victim Reparations Fund created in Section 63M-7-526. The penalty amount upon which the 50% is calculated may not include attorney fees or costs awarded by the court.
- (a) If the penalty is paid to a noticing party in accordance with Subsection (14), the noticing party shall remit the required amount along with a copy of the Special Compliance Procedure document.
- (b) If a civil penalty is ordered by the court, the plaintiff shall remit the required amount along with a copy of the court order.
- (19) The attorney general's office shall provide to the Utah Office for Victims of Crime a copy of all notices of alleged violations to which the attorney general's office did not respond with a letter of no merit in accordance with Subsection (13).
- (20) The court shall provide to the Utah Office for Victims of Crime a copy of the court's order for payment.
- (21) The Utah Office for Victims of Crime shall:
- (a) maintain a record of documents and payments submitted pursuant to Subsections (18), (19), and (20);
- (b) create and provide to the Legislature in odd-numbered years beginning November 2021, a report containing the following for the previous two years:
- (i) the number of notices of alleged violations received from the attorney general's office;
- (ii) the number of court orders received; and
- (iii) the total amount received and deposited into the Crime Victim Reparations Fund.
- (22) This section does not apply to:
- (a) a person portrayed in obscene or pornographic material that is created, duplicated, or distributed without the person's knowledge or consent; or
- (b) a person who is coerced or blackmailed into distributing obscene or pornographic material.
- (23) Beginning May 1, 2025, and at each five-year interval, the dollar amount of the civil penalty provided in Subsection (3) shall be adjusted by the Judicial Council based on the change in the annual Consumer Price Index for the most recent five-year period ending on December 31 of the previous year, and rounded to the nearest five dollars. The attorney general shall publish the dollar amount of the civil penalty together with the date of the next scheduled adjustment.
Enacted by Chapter 442, 2020 General Session
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