2020 US Code
Title 20 - Education
Chapter 28 - Higher Education Resources and Student Assistance
Subchapter IV - Student Assistance
Part F - Need Analysis
Sec. 1087qq - Family contribution for independent students with dependents other than a spouse
20 U.S.C. § 1087qq (2020) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
§1087qq. Family contribution for independent students with dependents other than a spouse | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Computation of expected family contribution
For each independent student with dependents other than a spouse, the expected family contribution is equal to the amount determined by— (1) computing adjusted available income by adding— (A) the family's available income (determined in accordance with subsection (b)); and (B) the family's contribution from assets (determined in accordance with subsection (c)); (2) assessing such adjusted available income in accordance with an assessment schedule set forth in subsection (d); (3) dividing the assessment resulting under paragraph (2) by the number of family members who are enrolled or accepted for enrollment, on at least a half-time basis, in a degree, certificate, or other program leading to a recognized educational credential at an institution of higher education that is an eligible institution in accordance with the provisions of section 1094 of this title during the award period for which assistance under this subchapter is requested; and (4) for periods of enrollment of less than 9 months, for purposes other than subpart 2 of part A— (A) dividing the quotient resulting under paragraph (3) by 9; and (B) multiplying the result by the number of months in the period of enrollment; except that the amount determined under this subsection shall not be less than zero. (b) Family's available income (1) In generalThe family's available income is determined by deducting from total income (as defined in section 1087vv of this title)— (A) Federal income taxes; (B) an allowance for State and other taxes, determined in accordance with paragraph (2); (C) an allowance for social security taxes, determined in accordance with paragraph (3); (D) an income protection allowance, determined in accordance with paragraph (4); (E) an employment expense allowance, determined in accordance with paragraph (5); and (F) the amount of any tax credit taken under section 25A of title 26. The allowance for State and other taxes is equal to an amount determined by multiplying total income (as defined in section 1087vv of this title) by a percentage determined according to the following table (or a successor table prescribed by the Secretary under section 1087rr of this title):
The allowance for social security taxes is equal to the amount estimated to be earned by the student (and spouse, if appropriate) multiplied by the social security withholding rate appropriate to the tax year preceding the award year, up to the maximum statutory social security tax withholding amount for that same tax year. The income protection allowance is determined by the tables described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) (or a successor table prescribed by the Secretary under section 1087rr of this title). For academic year 2009–2010, the income protection allowance is determined by the following table:
For academic year 2010–2011, the income protection allowance is determined by the following table:
For academic year 2011–2012, the income protection allowance is determined by the following table:
For academic year 2012–2013, the income protection allowance is determined by the following table:
The employment expense allowance is determined as follows (or a successor table prescribed by the Secretary under section 1087rr of this title): (A) If the student is married and the student's spouse is employed in the year for which their income is reported, such allowance is equal to the lesser of $2,500 or 35 percent of the earned income of the student or spouse with the lesser earned income. (B) If a student qualifies as a surviving spouse or as a head of household as defined in section 2 of title 26, such allowance is equal to the lesser of $2,500 or 35 percent of the student's earned income. The family's contribution from assets is equal to— (A) the family net worth (determined in accordance with paragraph (2)); minus (B) the asset protection allowance (determined in accordance with paragraph (3)); multiplied by (C) the asset conversion rate (determined in accordance with paragraph (4)), except that the result shall not be less than zero. The family net worth is calculated by adding— (A) the current balance of checking and savings accounts and cash on hand; (B) the net value of investments and real estate, excluding the net value in the principal place of residence; and (C) the adjusted net worth of a business or farm, computed on the basis of the net worth of such business or farm (hereafter referred to as "NW"), determined in accordance with the following table (or a successor table prescribed by the Secretary under section 1087rr of this title), except as provided under section 1087vv(f) of this title:
The asset protection allowance is calculated according to the following table (or a successor table prescribed by the Secretary under section 1087rr of this title):
The asset conversion rate is 7 percent. The adjusted available income (as determined under subsection (a)(1) and hereafter referred to as "AAI") is assessed according to the following table (or a successor table prescribed by the Secretary under section 1087rr of this title):
In the case of a student who is divorced or separated, or whose spouse has died, the spouse's income and assets shall not be considered in determining the family's available income or assets. |
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(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §477, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §406(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1465; amended Pub. L. 100–50, §14(1)–(6), (8), (18), (19), June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 349–351; Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §471(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(g)(2), (7), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2472; Pub. L. 105–78, title VI, §609(i), Nov. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1524; Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §475, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1730; Pub. L. 109–171, title VIII, §8017(c)(1), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 173; Pub. L. 110–84, title VI, §601(c), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 802; Pub. L. 111–39, title IV, §406(a)(3), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, §702(f), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3147.) |
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Amendment of Section
Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, §§701(b), 702(f), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3137, 3147, provided that, effective July 1, 2023, except as otherwise expressly provided, and applicable with respect to award year 2023–2024 and each subsequent award year, as determined under this chapter, this section is amended to read as follows: §1087qq. Student aid index for independent students with dependents other than a spouse (a) Computation of student aid index (1) In generalFor each independent student with dependents other than a spouse, the student aid index is equal to the amount determined by— (A) computing adjusted available income by adding— (i) the family's available income (determined in accordance with subsection (b)); and (ii) the family's available assets (determined in accordance with subsection (c)); (B) assessing such adjusted available income in accordance with an assessment schedule set forth in subsection (d); and (C) considering such assessment resulting under subparagraph (B) as the amount determined under this subsection. If the sum determined under paragraph (1) with respect to an independent student with dependents other than a spouse is less than − $1,500, the student aid index for the independent student shall be − $1,500. The family's available income is determined by deducting from total income (as defined in section 1087vv of this title)— (A) Federal income taxes; (B) an allowance for payroll taxes, determined in accordance with paragraph (2); (C) an income protection allowance, determined in accordance with paragraph (3); and (D) an employment expense allowance, determined in accordance with paragraph (4). The allowance for payroll taxes is equal to the sum of— (A) the total amount earned by the student (and spouse, if appropriate), multiplied by the rate of tax under section 3101(b) of title 26; and (B) the amount earned by the student (and spouse, if appropriate) that does not exceed such contribution and benefit base (twice such contribution and benefit base, in the case of a joint return) for the year of the earnings, multiplied by the rate of tax applicable to such earnings under section 3101(a) of title 26. The income protection allowance shall equal the amount determined in the following table, as adjusted by the Secretary pursuant to section 1078rr(b) of this title: (A) In the case of a married independent student with dependents:
(B) In the case of a single independent student with dependents:
The employment expense allowance is equal to the lesser of $4,000 or 35 percent of the student's earned income or the combined earned income of the student and the student's spouse, if applicable (as adjusted by the Secretary pursuant to section 1087rr(g) of this title). Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the family's available assets are equal to— (i) the difference between the family's assets (as defined in 1087vv(f) of this title) and the asset protection allowance (determined in accordance with paragraph (2)); multiplied by (ii) 7 percent. The family's available assets under this subsection shall not be less than zero. The asset protection allowance is calculated based on the following table (as revised by the Secretary pursuant to section 1087rr(d) of this title):
The assessment of adjusted available income (as determined under subsection (a)(1) and hereafter in this subsection referred to as "AAI") is calculated based on the following table (as revised by the Secretary pursuant to section 1087rr(e) of this title):
In the case of a student who is divorced or separated, or whose spouse has died, the spouse's income and assets shall not be considered in determining the family's available income or assets. See 2020 Amendment note below. AMENDMENTS2020—Pub. L. 116–260 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to family contribution for independent students with dependents other than a spouse. 2009—Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 111–39 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 2 of title 26. 2007—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–84 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) consisted of a single table to be used to determine income protection allowances. 2006—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 109–171 substituted "7" for "12". 1998—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 105–244 added par. (4). 1997—Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 105–78 added subpar. (F). 1993—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–208, §2(g)(2), substituted "$9,510" for "9,510" in table. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–208, §2(g)(7), added subsec. (e). 1992—Pub. L. 102–325 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to family contribution for independent students with dependents other than a spouse for provisions relating to family contribution for independent students with dependents (including a spouse). 1987—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(18), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(1), substituted "section 1087rr of this title" for "section 1087ss of this title". Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(19), substituted "$2,100" for "$2,000". Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(2), struck out "National" before "Center". Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(3), substituted "displaced homemaker" for "dislocated homemaker". Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(1), (4), substituted "section 1087rr of this title" for "section 1087ss of this title" in text, added table, and struck out former table which read as follows:
Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(5), substituted "$15,999" for "$15,000". Subsec. (c)(4)(C). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(6), substituted "$16,000" for "$15,000" in three places. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–50, §14(1), (8), substituted "section 1087rr of this title" for "section 1087ss of this title" in text and inserted a minus sign before "$3,409" in two places in table. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2020 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 116–260 effective July 1, 2023, except as otherwise expressly provided, and applicable with respect to award year 2023–2024 and each subsequent award year, as determined under this chapter, see section 701(b) of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2009 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2007 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 110–84 effective July 1, 2009, see section 601(e) of Pub. L. 110–84, set out as a note under section 1087oo of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2006 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective July 1, 2006, except as otherwise provided, see section 8001(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 1002 of this title. Pub. L. 109–171, title VIII, §8017(c)(2), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 173, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to determinations of need for periods of enrollment beginning on or after July 1, 2007." EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 105–244, effective Oct. 7, 1998, and applicable with respect to determinations of need under this part for academic years beginning on or after July 1, 2000, see section 480A of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1087kk of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1992 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 102–325 applicable with respect to determinations of need under this part for award years beginning on or after July 1, 1993, see section 471(b) of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1087kk of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1987 AMENDMENTAmendment by Pub. L. 100–50 effective as if enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, Pub. L. 99–498, see section 27 of Pub. L. 100–50, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title. |
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United States Code, 2018 Edition, Supplement 2, Title 20 - EDUCATION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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United States Code | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Title 20 - EDUCATION CHAPTER 28 - HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE SUBCHAPTER IV - STUDENT ASSISTANCE Part F - Need Analysis Sec. 1087qq - Family contribution for independent students with dependents other than a spouse |
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section 1087qq | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
January 13, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 Stat. 1465 101 Stat. 349-351 106 Stat. 597 107 Stat. 2472 111 Stat. 1524 112 Stat. 1730 120 Stat. 173 121 Stat. 802 123 Stat. 1948 134 Stat. 3147, 3137 |
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Public Law 89-329, Public Law 99-498, Public Law 100-50, Public Law 102-325, Public Law 103-208, Public Law 105-78, Public Law 105-244, Public Law 109-171, Public Law 110-84, Public Law 110-315, Public Law 111-39, Public Law 116-260 |