1995 US Code
Title 20 - EDUCATION
CHAPTER 27 - NATIONAL VOCATIONAL STUDENT LOAN INSURANCE
SUBCHAPTER V - EDUCATOR RECRUITMENT, RETENTION, AND DEVELOPMENT
Sec. 1101 - Findings and purpose

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§1101. Findings and purpose (a) Findings

The Congress finds that—

(1) teachers in the classroom are the men and women who must play an integral role in leading our Nation's schools into the 21st century;

(2) we should encourage individuals to enter the education profession so that our teaching force is representative both of the diversity of our Nation and of the tremendous talents and skills of our citizens;

(3) the methods used to prepare prospective teachers and the continuing education and support provided to practicing teachers have a significant influence on the effectiveness of classroom teachers;

(4) the postsecondary education of education professionals has not been linked to local, State and national goals and standards;

(5) the inservice and continuing professional development of educators has not promoted systematic and sustained improvement of the education system;

(6) State educational agencies have not been funded and staffed adequately to carry out a mission of supporting a process to achieve local, State, or national goals and standards;

(7) in order to encourage more women and underrepresented minorities to enter the fields of science and mathematics and succeed in these fields, we must provide proper training for existing mathematics and science teachers and recruit women and underrepresented minorities as teachers in these fields;

(8) educators must have the expertise and the support that allow them to adapt to the changing environment in our schools and to the evolving skills required of our schools’ graduates; and

(9) the Federal Government plays an essential role in providing support to educator training and professional development that will enable teachers to be classroom leaders and administrators to be school leaders at the forefront of reforming our Nation's schools.

(b) Purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) to provide assistance to our Nation's teaching force for the continued improvement of their professional skills;

(2) to provide assistance for professional development activities enabling teachers, school administrators, and institutions of higher education to work collaboratively to improve educational performance through school reform and restructuring;

(3) to address the Nation's teacher shortage, particularly in areas where there are heavy concentrations of low-income students, by encouraging talented persons, including the individuals already employed as school paraprofessionals and individuals who have been employed in other areas of endeavor, to enter the teaching profession;

(4) to encourage academically qualified students to become teachers through scholarship assistance;

(5) to support the recruitment of underrepresented populations into teaching careers;

(6) to provide scholarship assistance to encourage women and minorities who are underrepresented in the fields of science and mathematics to enter the teaching profession in these fields;

(7) to encourage the establishment and maintenance of programs that provide professional teacher preparation to individuals who are moving to careers in education from other occupations;

(8) to promote partnerships between institutions of higher education and local educational agencies for the purpose of promoting the simultaneous restructuring and renewal of elementary and secondary schools and college-based teacher education programs;

(9) to improve the leadership and administrative skills of elementary and secondary school administrators;

(10) to provide assistance to schools of education in institutions of higher education in order to reform teacher education programs by encouraging new developments in teacher preparation which provide for greater integration of subject matter and pedagogical training and which prepare classroom teachers to effectively meet changing noneducational challenges in the schools; and

(11) to promote high quality child development and early childhood education specialist training programs, including preschool and early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §500, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title V, §501(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 653.)

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1101, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §501, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title V, §501(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1495, related to statement of purpose and applicability of this subchapter, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 1101, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §511, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1255; Pub. L. 90–35, §3(a)(3), (b), June 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 90–575, title II, §231 (a), (b)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1039; Pub. L. 91–230, title VIII, §§804(b), 805(a), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 190, 191; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §141(a)(1)(A), (c)(1)(C), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 284, 285; Pub. L. 93–380, title VIII, §835(a)(1), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §§151(a)(5)(A), 152(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2152; Pub. L. 96–49, §6(a), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 353; Pub. L. 96–374, title V, §501(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1459, set forth statement of purpose and authorization of appropriations for Teacher Corps program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

A prior section 1101a, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §502, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title V, §501(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1496, authorized appropriations for this subchapter, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Effective Date

Subchapter effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.

National Job Bank for Teacher Recruitment

Section 1412 of Pub. L. 102–325 provided that:

“(a) Feasibility Study.—The Secretary of Education is authorized to conduct a study on the feasibility of—

“(1) establishing a clearinghouse to operate a national teacher job bank; or

“(2) establishing regional clearinghouses to operate regional teacher job banks.

“(b) National Teacher Job Bank Demonstration.—

“(1) Program Authorized.—The Secretary of Education is authorized to contract with one or more State entities, nonprofit organizations, or institutions of higher education to establish a national or regional teacher job bank clearinghouse which shall—

“(A) assist local educational agencies and private schools in locating qualified applicants for teaching-related positions; and

“(B) help individuals in locating teaching-related jobs or the training necessary to enter the teaching profession or the field of early childhood or preschool education.

“(2) Application required.—Each entity desiring to enter into a contract with the Secretary of Education for the establishment of a teacher job bank clearinghouse shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably require. Each such application shall include—

“(A) a demonstration of the applicant's capacity to efficiently and effectively handle a large volume of inquiries from employers and potential employees;

“(B) a demonstration of support from local educational agencies and private schools and institutions of higher education that are likely to use the services provided by the teacher job bank clearinghouse; and

“(C) a demonstration of ability to provide prospective teachers with information, either directly or by contract with another entity, regarding the certification and licensure requirements of each State which is served by a clearinghouse and information regarding procedures for assisting out-of-State teachers to meet State certification requirements.

“(3) Priority.—The Secretary shall give priority to applications submitted pursuant to paragraph (2) which—

“(A) demonstrate the ability to serve a region of the United States and involve the cooperation of several State educational agencies and institutions of higher education; or

“(B) demonstrate an ability to address shortages of teachers, such as teachers from minority groups, special education teachers, bilingual teachers, or individuals planning to teach in subject areas, geographical areas, or types of schools with shortages.

“(c) Use of Funds.—Each entity, organization, or institution receiving funds under this section may use such funds to—

“(1) develop, in consultation with local education agencies and other appropriate entities, standardized initial application forms for teaching jobs and related positions, and standardized forms and procedures for announcing available teaching positions;

“(2) coordinate and assist State and local teacher recruitment efforts;

“(3) publish and disseminate information about opportunities for teacher employment and teacher training;

“(4) maintain a system for matching available teachers with job openings for which they are qualified and for tracking the supply of teachers and the demand for teachers among the States;

“(5) encourage the development of programs to recruit and train minorities and individuals with disabilities to become teachers;

“(6) assist employers in checking the background of applicants;

“(7) publicize the availability of scholarships, loans, and other programs that assist individuals wishing to pursue a teaching career;

“(8) assist employers in the development of effective teacher recruitment programs;

“(9) assist in developing reciprocal agreements on teacher certification among States; and

“(10) conduct such other activities and services necessary to carrying out the purposes of this section in accordance with the provisions of this section.

“(d) Definition.—For the purposes of this section, the term ‘teacher’ includes elementary and secondary school classroom teachers, and preschool and early childhood education specialists.

“(e) Authorization.—There are authorized to be appropriated ,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years to carry out this section.”

Training and Technical Assistance for School-Based Decisionmakers Demonstration Program

Section 1531 of Pub. L. 102–325 provided that:

“(a) In General.—The Secretary of Education is authorized to make grants to local education agencies, in consortia with one or more institutions of higher education, to establish programs to provide training and technical assistance to school-based decisionmakers in local education agencies implementing system-wide reform.

“(b) Application.—To be eligible to receive a training and technical assistance demonstration grant under this section, consortia shall submit an application to the Secretary of Education in such form and containing or accompanied by such information as the Secretary may require. A copy of the application shall also be sent to the State educational agency for notification purposes.

“(c) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated ,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 1994 and 1995.”