1995 US Code
Title 10 - ARMED FORCES
Subtitle A - General Military Law
PART I - ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL MILITARY POWERS
CHAPTER 2 - DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Sec. 113 - Secretary of Defense

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Metadata
Publication TitleUnited States Code, 1994 Edition, Supplement 1, Title 10 - ARMED FORCES
CategoryBills and Statutes
CollectionUnited States Code
SuDoc Class NumberY 1.2/5:
Contained WithinTitle 10 - ARMED FORCES
Subtitle A - General Military Law
PART I - ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL MILITARY POWERS
CHAPTER 2 - DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Sec. 113 - Secretary of Defense
Containssection 113
Date1995
Laws in Effect as of DateJanuary 16, 1996
Positive LawYes
Dispositionstandard
Source CreditAdded Pub. L. 87-651, title II, §202, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 517, §133; amended Pub. L. 96-513, title V, §511(3), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2920; Pub. L. 97-252, title XI, §1105, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 97-295, §1(1), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1287; renumbered §113 and amended Pub. L. 99-433, title I, §§101(a)(2), 102, 110(b)(2), (d)(2), title III, §301(b)(2), title VI, §603(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 994, 996, 1002, 1022, 1075; Pub. L. 100-26, §7(d)(1), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 280; Pub. L. 100-180, div. A, title XII, §1214, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 100-370, §1(<em>o</em>)(1), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 850; Pub. L. 100-456, div. A, title VII, §731, title XI, §1101, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2003, 2042; Pub. L. 101-189, div. A, title XVI, §1622(c)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1604; Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title XIII, §1322(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1671; Pub. L. 102-190, div. A, title III, §341, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1343; Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title X, §1070(a)(1), title XVI, §1671(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2855, 3014.
Presidential Document Number ReferencesExecutive Order 12356
Statutes at Large References48 Stat. 503
60 Stat. 427
61 Stat. 509
63 Stat. 579, 581
66 Stat. 497
67 Stat. 639
68 Stat. 1189
72 Stat. 516
73 Stat. 322
76 Stat. 517, 55
77 Stat. 329
79 Stat. 128
81 Stat. 526
83 Stat. 207
84 Stat. 912
85 Stat. 362
86 Stat. 736
87 Stat. 615
89 Stat. 540
90 Stat. 1365
91 Stat. 337
94 Stat. 2920
95 Stat. 1123, 1132
96 Stat. 739, 1287, 747
97 Stat. 672
98 Stat. 2553
99 Stat. 286, 666, 678, 726, 745, 762
100 Stat. 994, 894, 1018, 1783-82, 3341-82, 3878, 3890, 3953, 3981
101 Stat. 280, 1157, 273, 1106, 1329-43, 1329-69
102 Stat. 850, 2003, 1975, 2270-41
103 Stat. 1604, 1443, 1465, 1597, 1606
104 Stat. 1671, 1705, 1719, 1856, 1896, 1902
105 Stat. 1343, 78, 99, 105, 106, 112, 1188, 1476
106 Stat. 1918, 2387, 2392, 2429, 2502, 2508, 2510, 2511, 2516, 2545, 2546
107 Stat. 1659, 1660, 1675, 1774, 1931, 2325
108 Stat. 2855, 408, 2654, 2740, 3014
109 Stat. 672
Public Law ReferencesPublic Law 85-599, Public Law 86-149, Public Law 87-436, Public Law 87-651, Public Law 88-174, Public Law 89-37, Public Law 90-168, Public Law 91-121, Public Law 91-441, Public Law 92-129, Public Law 92-436, Public Law 93-155, Public Law 94-106, Public Law 94-431, Public Law 95-79, Public Law 96-513, Public Law 97-86, Public Law 97-252, Public Law 97-295, Public Law 98-94, Public Law 98-525, Public Law 99-85, Public Law 99-145, Public Law 99-399, Public Law 99-433, Public Law 99-443, Public Law 99-500, Public Law 99-591, Public Law 99-661, Public Law 100-26, Public Law 100-180, Public Law 100-202, Public Law 100-370, Public Law 100-456, Public Law 100-463, Public Law 101-189, Public Law 101-510, Public Law 101-511, Public Law 102-25, Public Law 102-172, Public Law 102-190, Public Law 102-396, Public Law 102-484, Public Law 103-160, Public Law 103-199, Public Law 103-236, Public Law 103-335, Public Law 103-337, Public Law 104-14, Public Law 104-61


§113. Secretary of Defense

(a) There is a Secretary of Defense, who is the head of the Department of Defense, appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. A person may not be appointed as Secretary of Defense within 10 years after relief from active duty as a commissioned officer of a regular component of an armed force.

(b) The Secretary is the principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense. Subject to the direction of the President and to this title and section 2 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401), he has authority, direction, and control over the Department of Defense.

(c) The Secretary shall report annually in writing to the President and the Congress on the expenditures, work, and accomplishments of the Department of Defense during the period covered by the report, together with—

(1) a report from each military department on the expenditures, work, and accomplishments of that department;

(2) itemized statements showing the savings of public funds, and the eliminations of unnecessary duplications, made under sections 125 and 191 of this title;

(3) a report from the Reserve Forces Policy Board on the reserve programs of the Department of Defense, including a review of the effectiveness of chapters 51, 337, 361, 363, 549, 573, 837, 861 and 863 of this title, as far as they apply to reserve officers; and

(4) such recommendations as he considers appropriate.


(d) Unless specifically prohibited by law, the Secretary may, without being relieved of his responsibility, perform any of his functions or duties, or exercise any of his powers through, or with the aid of, such persons in, or organizations of, the Department of Defense as he may designate.

(e)(1) The Secretary shall include in his annual report to Congress under subsection (c)—

(A) a description of the major military missions and of the military force structure of the United States for the next fiscal year;

(B) an explanation of the relationship of those military missions to that force structure; and

(C) the justification for those military missions and that force structure.


(2) In preparing the matter referred to in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take into consideration the content of the annual national security strategy report of the President under section 108 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 404a) for the fiscal year concerned.

(f) When a vacancy occurs in an office within the Department of Defense and the office is to be filled by a person appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, the Secretary of Defense shall inform the President of the qualifications needed by a person serving in that office to carry out effectively the duties and responsibilities of that office.

(g)(1) The Secretary of Defense, with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall provide annually to the heads of Department of Defense components written policy guidance for the preparation and review of the program recommendations and budget proposals of their respective components. Such guidance shall include guidance on—

(A) national security objectives and policies;

(B) the priorities of military missions; and

(C) the resource levels projected to be available for the period of time for which such recommendations and proposals are to be effective.


(2) The Secretary of Defense, with the approval of the President and after consultation with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall provide annually to the Chairman written policy guidance for the preparation and review of contingency plans. Such guidance shall include guidance on the specific force levels and specific supporting resource levels projected to be available for the period of time for which such plans are to be effective.

(h) The Secretary of Defense shall keep the Secretaries of the military departments informed with respect to military operations and activities of the Department of Defense that directly affect their respective responsibilities.

(i)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall transmit to Congress each year a report that contains a comprehensive net assessment of the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States and its allies as compared with those of their potential adversaries.

(2) Each such report shall—

(A) include a comparison of the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States and its allies with the armed forces of potential adversaries of the United States and allies of the United States;

(B) include an examination of the trends experienced in those capabilities and programs during the five years immediately preceding the year in which the report is transmitted and an examination of the expected trends in those capabilities and programs during the five years covered by the five-year defense program submitted to Congress during that year pursuant to section 114(g) 1 of this title;

(C) include a description of the means by which the Department of Defense will maintain the capability to reconstitute or expand the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States on short notice to meet a resurgent or increased threat to the national security of the United States;

(D) reflect, in the overall assessment and in the strategic and regional assessments, the defense capabilities and programs of the armed forces of the United States specified in the budget submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 in the year in which the report is submitted and in the five-year defense program submitted in such year; and

(E) identify the deficiencies in the defense capabilities of the armed forces of the United States in such budget and such five-year defense program.


(3) The Secretary shall transmit to Congress the report required for each year under paragraph (1) at the same time that the President submits the budget to Congress under section 1105 of title 31 in that year. Such report shall be transmitted in both classified and unclassified form.

(j)(1) Not later than April 8 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services and Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the cost of stationing United States forces outside of the United States. Each such report shall include a detailed statement of the following:

(A) Costs incurred in the United States and costs incurred outside the United States in connection with the stationing of United States forces outside the United States.

(B) The costs incurred outside the United States in connection with operating, maintaining, and supporting United States forces outside the United States, including all direct and indirect expenditures of United States funds in connection with such stationing.

(C) The effect of such expenditures outside the United States on the balance of payments of the United States.


(2) Each report under this subsection shall be prepared in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce.

(3) In this subsection, the term “United States”, when used in a geographic sense, includes the territories and possessions of the United States.

(k) The Secretary of Defense, with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, shall provide annually to the Secretaries of the military departments and to the commanders of the combatant commands written guidelines to direct the effective detection and monitoring of all potential aerial and maritime threats to the national security of the United States. Those guidelines shall include guidance on the specific force levels and specific supporting resources to be made available for the period of time for which the guidelines are to be in effect.

(Added Pub. L. 87–651, title II, §202, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 517, §133; amended Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(3), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2920; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1105, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 97–295, §1(1), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1287; renumbered §113 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title I, §§101(a)(2), 102, 110(b)(2), (d)(2), title III, §301(b)(2), title VI, §603(b), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 994, 996, 1002, 1022, 1075; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(1), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 280; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, §1214, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 100–370, §1(o)(1), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 850; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VII, §731, title XI, §1101, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2003, 2042; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, §1622(c)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1604; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIII, §1322(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1671; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title III, §341, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1343; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1070(a)(1), title XVI, §1671(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2855, 3014.)

Amendment of Subsection (c)(3)

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1671(c)(2), 1691(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3014, 3026, provided that, effective Oct. 1, 1996, subsection (c)(3) of this section is amended by substituting “chapters 1219 and 1401 through 1411 of this title” for “chapters 51, 337, 361, 363, 549, 573, 837, 861, and 863 of this title, as far as they apply to reserve officers”.

Historical and Revision Notes
1962 Act
Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)
133(a)

133(b)

133(c)

133(d)

5:171(a) (last 10 words).

5:171a(a).

5:171a(b).

5:171a(d).

5:171a-1.

5:171a(f).

5:171n(a) (as applicable to 5:171a(f)).

July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §§201(a) (last 10 words), 202(a),(b); restated Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §§4 (last 10 words of 1st par.), 5 (1st and 2d pars.), 63 Stat. 579, 580.
[Uncodified: 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 6, §5, eff. June 30, 1953, 67 Stat. 639].

5:171n(a).

July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §202(d); added Apr. 2, 1949, ch. 47, §1; restated Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §5 (9th par.); restated Aug. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–599, §3(b), 72 Stat. 516.
July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §202(f); added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §5 (11th par.), 63 Stat. 581.
July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §308(a) (as applicable to §202(f)), 61 Stat. 509.
July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §257(e), 66 Stat. 497; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1257, §702(c), 68 Stat. 1189.
1953 Reorg. Plan No. 6, §5, eff. June 30, 1953, 67 Stat. 639.

In subsection (a), the last sentence is substituted for 5 U.S.C. 171a(a) (proviso).

In subsection (b), the words “this title and section 401 of title 50” are substituted for 5 U.S.C. 171a(b) (13th through 30th words of last sentence), since those words merely described the coverage of this title and section 401 of title 50.

In subsection (c), the words “during the period covered by the report” are inserted for clarity. The following substitutions are made: “under section 125 of this title” for “pursuant to the provisions of this Act” since 125 of this title relates to the duty of the Secretary of Defense to take action to save public funds and to eliminate duplication in the Department of Defense; and the last 22 words of clause (3) for 5 U.S.C. 171a–1 (last 13 words).

In subsection (d), section 5 of 1953 Reorganization Plan No. 6 is omitted as covered by 5 U.S.C. 171a(f).

1982 Act
Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)
133(e) 10:133 (note). Oct. 7, 1975, Pub. L. 94–106, §812, 89 Stat. 540.

The words “prepare and” are omitted as surplus.

1988 Act

Subsection (k) is based on Pub. L. 100–202, §101(b) [title VIII, §8042], 101 Stat. 1329–69.

Section 8042 of the FY88 Defense Appropriations Act (Public Law 100–202) established a requirement for the Secretary of Defense to submit an annual report on the cost of stationing United States forces overseas. Under that section, the annual report is to be sent to the Committees on Appropriations of the two Houses. In codifying that section as section 113(k) of title 10, the committee added the two Armed Services Committees as committees to be sent the annual report. This minor change from the source law does not change the nature of the report to be submitted.

The committee notes that the source section does not specify the period of time to be covered by the report. In the absence of statutory language specifying the period to be covered by the report, it would seem reasonable to conclude that the report should cover the previous fiscal year. The committee notes, however, that the report of the Senate Appropriations Committee on its FY88 defense appropriations bill (S. Rpt. 100–235) states that this new annual report “should cover the budget years and the 2 previous fiscal years” (page 54). The committee believes that such a requirement may be unnecessarily burdensome and in any case, if such a requirement is intended, should be stated in the statute. In the absence of clear intent, the provision is proposed to be codified without specifying the period of time to be covered by the annual report.

In codifying this provision, the committee also changed the term “United States troops” in the source law to “United States forces” for consistency in usage in title 10 and as being preferable usage. No change in meaning is intended. The committee also changed “overseas” to “outside the United States” and defined “United States” for this purpose to include the territories and possessions of the United States. The committee was concerned that the term “overseas” read literally could include Hawaii or Guam, an interpretation clearly not intended in enacting section 8042. The committee notes that the Senate report referred to above states “For the purposes of this report [meaning the new DOD annual report], U.S. forces stationed overseas are considered to be those outside of the United States and its territories.”. The committee extrapolates from this statement that provisions in the report requirement relating to expenditures “overseas” and costs incurred “overseas” are also to be construed as relating to matters outside the United States and its territories and has prepared the codified provision accordingly.

References in Text

Section 114(g) of this title, referred to in subsec. (i)(2)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, §1602(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1597.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 103–337, §1070(a)(1), substituted “section 108” for “section 104”.

1991—Subsec. (i)(2)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 102–190 added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpars. (C) and (D) as (D) and (E), respectively.

1990—Subsecs. (i) to (l). Pub. L. 101–510 redesignated subsecs. (j) to (l) as (i) to (k), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (i) which read as follows: “The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a written report, not later than February 15 of each fiscal year, recommending the amount of funds to be appropriated to the Department of Defense for the next fiscal year for functions relating to the formulation and carrying out of Department of Defense policies on the control of technology transfer and activities related to the control of technology transfer. The Secretary shall include in that report the proposed allocation of the funds requested for such purpose and the number of personnel proposed to be assigned to carry out such activities during such fiscal year.”

1989—Subsec. (j)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–189 substituted “five-year defense program” for “Five-Year Defense Program”.

1988—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100–456, §731, designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out provision requiring that each report be transmitted in both a classified and an unclassified form, and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–370 added subsec. (k).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 100–456, §1101, added subsec. (l).

1987—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 100–26 inserted “(50 U.S.C. 404a)” after “National Security Act of 1947”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100–180 added subsec. (j).

1986—Pub. L. 99–433, §110(d)(2), struck out “: appointment; powers and duties; delegation by” at end of section catchline.

Subsecs. (a) to (e). Pub. L. 99–443, §101(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (a) to (e) of section 133 of this title as subsecs. (a) to (e) of this section.

Pub. L. 99–433, §301(b)(2), substituted “sections 125 and 191” for “section 125” in subsec. (c)(2).

Pub. L. 99–433, §603(b), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: “After consulting with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives before February 1 of each year a written report on—

“(1) the foreign policy and military force structure for the next fiscal year;

“(2) the relationship of that policy and structure to each other; and

“(3) the justification for the policy and structure.”

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 99–433, §102, added subsecs. (f) to (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–433, §§101(a)(2), 110(b)(2), successively redesignated subsec. (h) of section 138 of this title as subsec. (h) of section 114 of this title and then as subsec. (i) of this section.

1982—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–295 added subsec. (e).

Subsec. (i) [formerly §138(h)]. Pub. L. 97–252, §1105, added subsec. (h). See 1986 Amendment note above.

1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–513 substituted “section 2 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401)” for “section 401 of title 50”.

Change of Name

Committee on Armed Services of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on National Security of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by section 1671(c)(2) of Pub. L. 103–337 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1691(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under various sections delegated to Secretary of Defense, see Ex. Ord. No. 10621, July 1, 1955, 20 F.R. 4759, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11294, Aug. 4, 1966, 31 F.R. 10601; see Ex. Ord. No. 10661, Feb. 27, 1956, 21 F.R. 1315; see Ex. Ord. No. 11390, Jan. 22, 1968, 33 F.R. 841; all set out as notes under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Emergency Preparedness Functions

For assignment of certain emergency preparedness functions to Secretary of Defense, see Parts 1, 2, and 5 of Ex. Ord. No. 12656, Nov. 18, 1988, 53 F.R. 47491, set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Order of Succession

For order of succession in event of death, disability, or resignation of Secretary, see Ex. Ord. No. 12787, Dec. 31, 1991, 57 F.R. 517, set out as a note under section 3347 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Requirements for Automated Information Systems of Department of Defense

Section 381 of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that:

“(a) Determination Required.—(1) Not later than March 15 in each of 1995, 1996, and 1997, the Secretary of Defense shall—

“(A) determine whether each automated information system described in paragraph (2) meets the requirements set forth in subsection (b); and

“(B) take appropriate action to end the modernization or development by the Department of Defense of any such system that the Secretary determines does not meet such requirements.

“(2) An automated information system referred to in paragraph (1) is an automated information system—

“(A) that is undergoing modernization or development by the Department of Defense;

“(B) that exceeds ,000,000 in value; and

“(C) that is not a migration system, as determined by the Enterprise Integration Executive Board of the Department of Defense.

“(b) Requirements.—The use of an automated information system by the Department of Defense shall—

“(1) contribute to the achievement of Department of Defense strategies for the use of automated information systems;

“(2) as determined by the Secretary, provide an acceptable benefit from the investment in the system or make a substantial contribution to the performance of the defense mission for which the system is used;

“(3) comply with Department of Defense directives applicable to life cycle management of automated information systems; and

“(4) be based on guidance developed under subsection (c).

“(c) Guidance for Use.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop guidance for the use of automated information systems by the Department of Defense. In developing the guidance, the Secretary shall consider the following:

“(1) Directives of the Office of Management and Budget applicable to returns of investment for such systems.

“(2) A sound, functional economic analysis.

“(3) Established objectives for the Department of Defense information infrastructure.

“(4) Migratory assessment criteria, including criteria under guidance provided by the Defense Information Systems Agency.

“(d) Waiver.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may waive the requirements of subsection (a) for an automated information system if the Secretary determines that the purpose for which the system is being modernized or developed is of compelling military importance.

“(2) If the Secretary exercises the waiver authority provided in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall include the following in the next report required by subsection (f):

“(A) The reasons for the failure of the automated information system to meet all of the requirements of subsection (b).

“(B) A determination of whether the system is expected to meet such requirements in the future, and if so, the date by which the system is expected to meet the requirements.

“(e) Performance Measures and Management Controls.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall establish performance measures and management controls for the supervision and management of the activities described in paragraph (2). The performance measures and management controls shall be adequate to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that the Department of Defense receives the maximum benefit possible from the development, modernization, operation, and maintenance of automated information systems.

“(2) The activities referred to in paragraph (1) are the following:

“(A) Accelerated implementation of migration systems.

“(B) Establishment of data standards.

“(C) Process improvement.

“(f) Reports.—Not later than March 15 in each of 1995, 1996, and 1997, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the establishment and implementation of the performance measures and management controls referred to in subsection (e)(1). Each such report shall also specify—

“(1) the automated information systems that, as determined under subsection (a), meet the requirements of subsection (b);

“(2) the automated information systems that, as determined under subsection (a), do not meet the requirements of subsection (b) and the action taken by the Secretary to end the use of such systems; and

“(3) the automated information systems that, as determined by the Enterprise Integration Executive Board, are migration systems.

“(g) Review by Comptroller General.—Not later than April 30, 1995, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that contains an evaluation of the following:

“(1) The progress made by the Department of Defense in achieving the goals of the corporate information management program of the Department.

“(2) The progress made by the Secretary of Defense in establishing the performance measures and management controls referred to in subsection (e)(1).

“(3) The progress made by the Department of Defense in using automated information systems that meet the requirements of subsection (b).

“(4) The report required by subsection (f) to be submitted in 1995.

“(h) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) The term ‘automated information system’ means an automated information system of the Department of Defense described in the exhibits designated as ‘IT-43’ in the budget submitted to Congress by the President for fiscal year 1995 pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code.

“(2) The term ‘migration system’ has the meaning given such term in the document entitled ‘Department of Defense Strategy for Acceleration of Migration Systems and Data Standards’ attached to the memorandum of the Department of Defense dated October 13, 1993 (relating to accelerated implementation of migration systems, data standards, and process improvement).”

Department of Defense Policies and Procedures on Discrimination and Sexual Harassment

Section 532 of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that:

“(a) Report of Task Force.—(1) The Department of Defense Task Force on Discrimination and Sexual Harassment, constituted by the Secretary of Defense on March 15, 1994, shall transmit a report of its findings and recommendations to the Secretary of Defense not later than October 1, 1994.

“(2) The Secretary shall transmit to Congress the report of the task force not later than October 10, 1994.

“(b) Secretarial Review.—Not later than 45 days after receiving the report under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—

“(1) review the recommendations for action contained in the report;

“(2) determine which recommendations the Secretary approves for implementation and which recommendations the Secretary disapproves; and

“(3) submit to Congress a report that—

“(A) identifies the approved recommendations and the disapproved recommendations; and

“(B) explains the reasons for each such approval and disapproval.

“(c) Comprehensive DOD Policy.—(1) Based on the approved recommendations of the task force and such other factors as the Secretary considers appropriate, the Secretary shall develop a comprehensive Department of Defense policy for processing complaints of sexual harassment and discrimination involving members of the Armed Forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary.

“(2) The Secretary shall issue policy guidance for the implementation of the comprehensive policy and shall require the Secretaries of the military departments to prescribe regulations to implement that policy not later than March 1, 1995.

“(3) The Secretary shall ensure that the policy is implemented uniformly by the military departments insofar as practicable.

“(4) Not later than March 31, 1995, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a proposal for any legislation necessary to enhance the capability of the Department of Defense to address the issues of unlawful discrimination and sexual harassment.

“(d) Military Department Policies.—(1) The Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of the Air Force shall review and revise the regulations of the Department of the Navy and the Department of the Air Force, respectively, relating to equal opportunity policy and procedures in that Department for the making of, and responding to, complaints of unlawful discrimination and sexual harassment in order to ensure that those regulations are substantially equivalent to the regulations of the Department of the Army on such matters.

“(2) In revising regulations pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of the Air Force may make such additions and modifications as the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate to strengthen those regulations beyond the substantial equivalent of the Army regulations in accordance with—

“(A) the approved recommendations of the Department of Defense Task Force on Discrimination and Sexual Harassment; and

“(B) the experience of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps regarding equal opportunity cases.

“(3) The Secretary of the Army shall review the regulations of the Department of the Army relating to equal opportunity policy and complaint procedures and revise the regulations as the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate to strengthen the regulations in accordance with the recommendations and experience described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2).

“(e) Report of Advisory Board.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall direct the Advisory Board on the Investigative Capability of the Department of Defense, established by the Secretary of Defense in November 1993, to include in its report to the Secretary (scheduled to be transmitted to the Secretary during December 1994)—

“(A) the recommendations of the Advisory Board as to whether the current Department of Defense organizational structure is adequate to oversee all investigative matters related to unlawful discrimination, sexual harassment, and other misconduct related to the gender of the victim; and

“(B) recommendations as to whether additional data collection and reporting procedures are needed to enhance the ability of the Department of Defense to respond to unlawful discrimination, sexual harassment, and other misconduct related to the gender of the victim.

“(2) The Secretary shall transmit to Congress the report of the Advisory Board not later than 15 days after receiving the report.

“(f) Performance Evaluation Standards for Members of the Armed Forces.—The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that Department of Defense regulations governing consideration of equal opportunity matters in evaluations of the performance of members of the Armed Forces include provisions requiring as a factor in such evaluations consideration of a member's commitment to elimination of unlawful discrimination or of sexual harassment in the Armed Forces.”

Annual Report on Personnel Readiness Factors by Race and Gender

Section 533 of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that:

“(a) Required Assessment.—The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress an annual report on trends in recruiting, retention, and personnel readiness.

“(b) Data To Be Collected.—Each annual report under subsection (a) shall include the following information with respect to the preceding fiscal year for the active components of each of the Armed Forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary (as well as such additional information as the Secretary considers appropriate):

“(1) The numbers of members of the Armed Forces temporarily and permanently nondeployable and rates of temporary and permanent nondeployability, displayed by cause of nondeployability, rank, and gender.

“(2) The numbers and rates of complaints and allegations within the Armed Forces that involve gender and other unlawful discrimination and sexual harassment, and the rates of substantiation for those complaints and allegations.

“(3) The numbers and rates of disciplinary proceedings, displayed (A) by offense or infraction committed, (B) by gender, rank, and race, and (C) by the categories specified in paragraph (2).

“(4) The retention rates, by gender, rank, and race, with an analysis of factors influencing those rates.

“(5) The propensity of persons to enlist, displayed by gender and race, with an analysis of the factors influencing those propensities.

“(c) Submission to Congress.—The Secretary shall submit the report under this section for any fiscal year as part of the annual Department of Defense posture statement provided to Congress in connection with the Department of Defense budget request for that fiscal year.

“(d) Initial Submission.—The first report under this section shall be submitted in connection with the Department of Defense budget request for fiscal year 1996 and shall include data, to the degree such data already exists, for fiscal years after fiscal year 1991.”

Victims’ Advocates Programs in Department of Defense

Section 534 of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that:

“(a) Establishment.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, shall revise policies and regulations of the Department of Defense with respect to the programs of the Department of Defense specified in paragraph (2) in order to establish within each of the military departments a victims’ advocates program.

“(2) Programs referred to in paragraph (1) are the following:

“(A) Victim and witness assistance programs.

“(B) Family advocacy programs.

“(C) Equal opportunity programs.

“(3) In the case of the Department of the Navy, separate victims’ advocates programs shall be established for the Navy and the Marine Corps.

“(b) Purpose.—A victims’ advocates program established pursuant to subsection (a) shall provide assistance described in subsection (d) to members of the Armed Forces and their dependents who are victims of any of the following:

“(1) Crime.

“(2) Intrafamilial sexual, physical, or emotional abuse.

“(3) Discrimination or harassment based on race, gender, ethnic background, national origin, or religion.

“(c) Interdisciplinary Councils.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall establish a Department of Defense council to coordinate and oversee the implementation of programs under subsection (a). The membership of the council shall be selected from members of the Armed Forces and officers and employees of the Department of Defense having expertise or experience in a variety of disciplines and professions in order to ensure representation of the full range of services and expertise that will be needed in implementing those programs.

“(2) The Secretary of each military department shall establish similar interdisciplinary councils within that military department as appropriate to ensure the fullest coordination and effectiveness of the victims’ advocates program of that military department. To the extent practicable, such a council shall be established at each significant military installation.

“(d) Assistance.—(1) Under a victims’ advocates program established under subsection (a), individuals working in the program shall principally serve the interests of a victim by initiating action to provide (A) information on available benefits and services, (B) assistance in obtaining those benefits and services, and (C) other appropriate assistance.

“(2) Services under such a program in the case of an individual who is a victim of family violence (including intrafamilial sexual, physical, and emotional abuse) shall be provided principally through the family advocacy programs of the military departments.

“(e) Staffing.—The Secretary of Defense shall provide for the assignment of personnel (military or civilian) on a full-time basis to victims’ advocates programs established pursuant to subsection (a). The Secretary shall ensure that sufficient numbers of such full-time personnel are assigned to those programs to enable those programs to be carried out effectively.

“(f) Implementation Deadline.—Subsection (a) shall be carried out not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994].

“(g) Implementation Report.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which Department of Defense policies and regulations are revised pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives [now Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives] a report on the implementation (and plans for implementation) of this section.”

Assistance to Family Members of Korean Conflict and Cold War POW/MIAs Who Remain Unaccounted For

Section 1031 of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that:

“(a) Single Point of Contact.—The Secretary of Defense shall designate an official of the Department of Defense to serve as a single point of contact within the department—

“(1) for the immediate family members (or their designees) of any unaccounted-for Korean conflict POW/MIA; and

“(2) for the immediate family members (or their designees) of any unaccounted-for Cold War POW/MIA.

“(b) Functions.—The official designated under subsection (a) shall serve as a liaison between the family members of unaccounted-for Korean conflict POW/MIAs and unaccounted-for Cold War POW/MIAs and the Department of Defense and other Federal departments and agencies that may hold information that may relate to such POW/MIAs. The functions of that official shall include assisting family members—

“(1) with the procedures the family members may follow in their search for information about the unaccounted-for Korean conflict POW/MIA or unaccounted-for Cold War POW/MIA, as the case may be;

“(2) in learning where they may locate information about the unaccounted-for POW/MIA; and

“(3) in learning how and where to identify classified records that contain pertinent information and that will be declassified.

“(c) Assistance in Obtaining Declassification.—The official designated under subsection (a) shall seek to obtain the rapid declassification of any relevant classified records that are identified.

“(d) Repository.—The official designated under subsection (a) shall provide all documents relating to unaccounted-for Korean conflict POW/MIAs and unaccounted-for Cold War POW/MIAs that are located as a result of the official's efforts to the National Archives and Records Administration, which shall locate them in a centralized repository.

“(e) Definitions.—For purposes of this section:

“(1) The term ‘unaccounted-for Korean conflict POW/MIA’ means a member of the Armed Forces or civilian employee of the United States who, as a result of service during the Korean conflict, was at any time classified as a prisoner of war or missing-in-action and whose person or remains have not been returned to United States control and who remains unaccounted for.

“(2) The term ‘unaccounted-for Cold War POW/MIA’ means a member of the Armed Forces or civilian employee of the United States who, as a result of service during the period from September 2, 1945, to August 21, 1991, was at any time classified as a prisoner of war or missing-in-action and whose person or remains have not been returned to United States control and who remains unaccounted for.

“(3) The term ‘Korean conflict’ has the meaning given such term in section 101(9) of title 38, United States Code.”

Plan Requiring Disbursing Officials of Department of Defense To Match Disbursements to Particular Obligations

Pub. L. 104–61, title VIII, §8102, Dec. 1, 1995, 109 Stat. 672, provided that:

“(a) Not later than October 1, 1995, the Secretary of Defense shall require that each disbursement by the Department of Defense in an amount in excess of ,000,000 be matched to a particular obligation before the disbursement is made.

“(b) The Secretary shall ensure that a disbursement in excess of the threshold amount applicable under subsection (a) is not divided into multiple disbursements of less than that amount for the purpose of avoiding the applicability of such subsection to that disbursement.

“(c) The Secretary of Defense may waive a requirement for advance matching of a disbursement of the Department of Defense with a particular obligation in the case of (1) a disbursement involving deployed forces, (2) a disbursement for an operation in a war declared by Congress or a national emergency declared by the President or Congress, or (3) a disbursement under any other circumstances for which the waiver is necessary in the national security interests of the United States, as determined by the Secretary and certified by the Secretary to the congressional defense committees.

“(d) This section shall not be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary of Defense to require that a disbursement not in excess of the amount applicable under subsection (a) be matched to a particular obligation before the disbursement is made.”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 103–335, title VIII, §8137, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2654.

Notice to Congress of Proposed Changes in Combat Assignments to Which Female Members May Be Assigned

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §542, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1659, provided that:

“(a) In General.—(1) Except in a case covered by subsection (b), whenever the Secretary of Defense proposes to change military personnel policies in order to make available to female members of the Armed Forces assignment to any type of combat unit, class of combat vessel, or type of combat platform that is not open to such assignments, the Secretary shall, not less than 30 days before such change is implemented, transmit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives [now Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives] notice of the proposed change in personnel policy.

“(2) If before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1993] the Secretary made any change to military personnel policies in order to make available to female members of the Armed Forces assignment to any type of combat unit, class of combat vessel, or type of combat platform that was not previously open to such assignments, the Secretary shall, not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, transmit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives notice of that change in personnel policy.

“(b) Special Rule for Ground Combat Exclusion Policy.—(1) If the Secretary of Defense proposes to make any change described in paragraph (2) to the ground combat exclusion policy, the Secretary shall, not less than 90 days before any such change is implemented, submit to Congress a report providing notice of the proposed change.

“(2) A change referred to in paragraph (1) is a change that either—

“(A) closes to female members of the Armed Forces any category of unit or position that at that time is open to service by such members; or

“(B) opens to service by such members any category of unit or position that at that time is closed to service by such members.

“(3) The Secretary shall include in any report under paragraph (1)—

“(A) a detailed description of, and justification for, the proposed change to the ground combat exclusion policy; and

“(B) a detailed analysis of legal implication of the proposed change with respect to the constitutionality of the application of the Military Selective Service Act [50 App. U.S.C. 451 et seq.] to males only.

“(4) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘ground combat exclusion policy’ means the military personnel policies of the Department of Defense and the military departments, as in effect on January 1, 1993, by which female members of the Armed Forces are restricted from assignment to units and positions whose mission requires routine engagement in direct combat on the ground.”

Gender-Neutral Occupational Performance Standards

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §543, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1660, provided that:

“(a) Gender Neutrality Requirement.—In the case of any military occupational career field that is open to both male and female members of the Armed Forces, the Secretary of Defense—

“(1) shall ensure that qualification of members of the Armed Forces for, and continuance of members of the Armed Forces in, that occupational career field is evaluated on the basis of common, relevant performance standards, without differential standards or evaluation on the basis of gender;

“(2) may not use any gender quota, goal, or ceiling except as specifically authorized by law; and

“(3) may not change an occupational performance standard for the purpose of increasing or decreasing the number of women in that occupational career field.

“(b) Requirements Relating To Use of Specific Physical Requirements.—(1) For any military occupational specialty for which the Secretary of Defense determines that specific physical requirements for muscular strength and endurance and cardiovascular capacity are essential to the performance of duties, the Secretary shall prescribe specific physical requirements for members in that specialty and shall ensure (in the case of an occupational specialty that is open to both male and female members of the Armed Forces) that those requirements are applied on a gender-neutral basis.

“(2) Whenever the Secretary establishes or revises a physical requirement for an occupational specialty, a member serving in that occupational specialty when the new requirement becomes effective, who is otherwise considered to be a satisfactory performer, shall be provided a reasonable period, as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, to meet the standard established by the new requirement. During that period, the new physical requirement may not be used to disqualify the member from continued service in that specialty.

“(c) Notice to Congress of Changes.—Whenever the Secretary of Defense proposes to implement changes to the occupational standards for a military occupational field that are expected to result in an increase, or in a decrease, of at least 10 percent in the number of female members of the Armed Forces who enter, or are assigned to, that occupational field, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report providing notice of the change and the justification and rationale for the change. Such changes may then be implemented only after the end of the 60-day period beginning on the date on which such report is submitted.”

Foreign Language Proficiency Test Program

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §575, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1675, provided that:

“(a) Test Program.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop and carry out a test program for improving foreign language proficiency in the Department of Defense through improved management and other measures. The test program shall be designed to evaluate the findings and recommendations of—

“(1) the June 1993 inspection report of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense on the Defense Foreign Language Program (report numbered 93–INS–10);

“(2) the report of the Sixth Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (August 1988); and

“(3) any other recent study of the foreign language proficiency program of the Department of Defense.

“(b) Evaluation of Prior Recommendations.—The test program shall include an evaluation of the following possible changes to current practice identified in the reports referred to in subsection (a):

“(1) Management of linguist billets and personnel for the active and reserve components from a Total Force perspective.

“(2) Improvement of linguist training programs, both resident and nonresident, to provide greater flexibility, to accommodate missions other than signals intelligence, and to improve the provision of resources for nonresident programs.

“(3) Centralized responsibility within the Office of the Secretary of Defense to provide coordinated oversight of all foreign language issues and programs, including a centralized process for determination, validation, and documentation of foreign language requirements for different services and missions.

“(4) Revised policies of each of the military departments to foster maintenance of highly perishable linguistic skills through improved management of the careers of language-trained personnel, including more effective use of language skills, improved career opportunities within the linguistics field, and specific linkage of language proficiency to promotions.

“(5) In the case of language-trained members of the reserve components—

“(A) the use of additional training assemblies (ATAs) as a means of sustaining linguistic proficiency and enhancing retention; and

“(B) the use of larger enlistment and reenlistment bonuses, Special Duty Assignment Pay, and educational incentives.

“(6) Such other management changes as the Secretary may consider necessary.

“(c) Evaluation of Adjustment in Foreign Language Proficiency Pay.—(1) The Secretary shall include in the test program an evaluation of adjustments in foreign language proficiency pay for active and reserve component personnel (which may be adjusted for purposes of the test program without regard to section 316(b) of title 37, United States Code).

“(2) Before any adjustment in foreign language proficiency pay is included in the test program as authorized by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the committees named in subsection (d)(2) the following information related to proficiency pay adjustments:

“(A) The response of the Secretary to the findings of the Inspector General in the report on the Defense Foreign Language Program referred to in subsection (a)(1), specifically including the following matters raised in that report:

“(i) Inadequate centralized oversight of planning, policy, roles, responsibilities, and funding for foreign language programs.

“(ii) Inadequate management and validation of the requirements process for foreign language programs.

“(iii) Inadequate uniform career management of language-trained personnel, including failure to take sufficient advantage of language skills and to recoup investment of training dollars.

“(iv) Inadequate training programs, both resident and nonresident.

“(B) The current manning of linguistic billets (shown by service, by active or reserve component, and by career field).

“(C) The rates of retention in the service for language-trained personnel (shown by service, by active or reserve component, and by career field).

“(D) The rates of retention by career field for language-trained personnel (shown by service and by active or reserve component).

“(E) The rates of language proficiency for personnel serving in linguistic billets (shown by service, by active or reserve component, and by career field).

“(F) Trends in performance ratings for personnel serving in linguistic billets (shown by service, by active or reserve component, and by career field).

“(G) Promotion rates for personnel serving in linguistic billets (shown by service, by active or reserve component, and by career field).

“(H) The estimated cost of foreign language proficiency pay as proposed to be paid at the adjusted rates for the test program under paragraph (1)—

“(i) for each year of the test program; and

“(ii) for five years, if those rates are subsequently applied to the entire Department of Defense.

“(3) The rates for adjusted foreign language proficiency pay as proposed to be paid for the test program under paragraph (1) may not take effect for the test program unless the senior official responsible for personnel matters in the Office of the Secretary of Defense determines that—

“(A) the foreign language proficiency pay levels established for the test program are consistent with proficiency pay levels for other functions throughout the Department of Defense; and

“(B) the terms and conditions for receiving foreign language proficiency pay conform to current policies and practices within the Department of Defense.

“(d) Report on Plan for Test Program.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the committees named in paragraph (2) a report containing a plan for the test program required in subsection (a), an explanation of the plan, and a discussion of the matters stated in subsection (c)(2). The report shall be submitted not later than April 1, 1994.

“(2) The committees referred to in paragraph (1) are—

“(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and

“(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

“(e) Period of Test Program.—(1) The test program required by subsection (a) shall begin on October 1, 1994. However, if the report required by subsection (d) is not submitted by the date specified in that subsection for the submission of the report, the test program shall begin at the end of a period of 180 days (as computed under paragraph (2)) beginning on the date on which such report is submitted.

“(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain or because of an adjournment sine die shall be excluded in the computation of such 180-day period.

“(3) The test program shall terminate two years after it begins.”

Security Clearances

Section 1041 of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that:

“(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress, not later than 90 days after the close of each of fiscal years 1995 through 2000, a report concerning the denial, revocation, or suspension of security clearances for Department of Defense military and civilian personnel, and for Department of Defense contractor employees, for that fiscal year.

“(b) Matter To Be Included in Report.—The Secretary shall include in each such report the following information with respect to the fiscal year covered by the report (shown separately for members of the Armed Forces, civilian officers and employees of the Department of Defense, and employees of contractors of the Department of Defense):

“(1) The number of denials, revocations, and suspensions of a security clearance, including clearance for special access programs and for sensitive compartmented information.

“(2) For cases involving the denial or revocation of a security clearance, the average period from the date of the initial determination and notification to the individual concerned of the denial or revocation of the clearance to the date of the final determination of the denial or revocation, as well as the shortest and longest period in such cases.

“(3) For cases involving the suspension of a security clearance, the average period from the date of the initial determination and notification to the individual concerned of the suspension of the clearance to the date of the final determination of the suspension, as well as the shortest and longest period of such cases.

“(4) The number of cases in which a security clearance was suspended in which the resolution of the matter was the restoration of the security clearance, and the average period for such suspensions.

“(5) The number of cases (shown only for members of the Armed Forces and civilian officers and employees of the Department of Defense) in which an individual who had a security clearance denied or revoked remained a member of the Armed Forces or a civilian officer or employee, as the case may be, at the end of the fiscal year.

“(6) The number of cases in which an individual who had a security clearance suspended, and in which no final determination had been made, remained a member of the Armed Forces, a civilian officer or employee, or an employee of a contractor, as the case may be, at the end of the fiscal year.

“(7) The number of cases in which an appeal was made from a final determination to deny or revoke a security clearance and, of those, the number in which the appeal resulted in the granting or restoration of the security clearance.”

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, §1183, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1774, provided that:

“(a) Review of Security Clearance Procedures.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review of the procedural safeguards available to Department of Defense civilian employees who are facing denial or revocation of security clearances.

“(2) Such review shall specifically consider—

“(A) whether the procedural rights provided to Department of Defense civilian employees should be enhanced to include the procedural rights available to Department of Defense contractor employees;

“(B) whether the procedural rights provided to Department of Defense civilian employees should be enhanced to include the procedural rights available to similarly situated employees in those Government agencies that provide greater rights than the Department of Defense; and

“(C) whether there should be a difference between the rights provided to both Department of Defense civilian and contractor employees with respect to security clearances and the rights provided with respect to sensitive compartmented information and special access programs.

“(b) Report.—The Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the review required by subsection (a) not later than March 1, 1994.

“(c) Regulations.—The Secretary shall revise the regulations governing security clearance procedures for Department of Defense civilian employees not later than May 15, 1994.”

Investigations of Deaths of Members of Armed Forces From Self-Inflicted Causes

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, §1185, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1774, provided that:

“(a) Secretary of Defense To Review Death Investigation Procedures.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall review the procedures of the military departments for investigating deaths of members of the Armed Forces that may have resulted from self-inflicted causes. The Secretary shall complete the review not later than June 30, 1994.

“(2) Not later than July 15, 1994, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the results of such review. The report may include any recommendations for legislation that the Secretary considers appropriate.

“(3) Not later than October 1, 1994, the Secretary shall prescribe regulations governing the investigation of deaths of members of the Armed Forces that may have resulted from self-inflicted causes. The regulations shall include a date by which the Secretaries of the military departments are required to implement the regulations.

“(b) Inspector General To Review Certain Death Investigations.—(1) Upon a request that meets the requirements of paragraph (3), the Inspector General of the Department of Defense shall review each investigation conducted by a Department of Defense investigative organization of the death of a member of the Armed Forces who, while serving on active duty during the period described in paragraph (2), died from a cause determined to be self-inflicted.

“(2) The period referred to in paragraph (1) is the period that—

“(A) begins on January 1, 1982; and

“(B) ends on the date specified in the regulations prescribed under subsection (a)(3) as the deadline for the implementation of such regulations by the Secretaries of the military departments.

“(3) Any of the family members of a member of the Armed Forces referred to in paragraph (1) may request a review under paragraph (1). The request must be received by the Secretary of the military department concerned not later than one year after the date referred to in paragraph (2)(B) and shall contain or describe specific evidence of a material deficiency in the previous investigation.

“(4) If the Inspector General determines that a previous investigation of a death was deficient in a material respect, the Inspector General shall conduct any additional investigation that the Inspector General considers necessary to determine the cause of that death.

“(5) The Inspector General shall submit to the Secretary of the military department concerned a report on the results of each review conducted under paragraph (1) and each additional investigation conducted under paragraph (4) as a result of that review.

“(6) The Secretary of the military department concerned, consistent with other applicable law, shall take such corrective actions with regard to matters contained in the report as the Secretary considers appropriate.

“(7) To the same extent that fatality reports may be furnished to family members under section 1072 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (Public Law 102–484; 106 Stat. 2508; 10 U.S.C. 113 note), the Inspector General, after consultation with the Secretary of the military department concerned, shall provide a copy of the Inspector General's report on the review of a death investigation to each of the family members who requested the review.

“(c) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) The term ‘active duty’ has the meaning given such term in section 101(d)(1) of title 10, United States Code.

“(2) The term ‘family members’ has the meaning given such term in section 1072(c)(2) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (Public Law 102–484; 106 Stat. 2510; 10 U.S.C. 133 note [set out below]).

“(d) Applicability to Coast Guard.—The Secretary of Transportation shall implement with respect to the Coast Guard the requirements that are imposed by this section on the Secretary of Defense and the Inspector General of the Department of Defense.”

Program To Commemorate World War II

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title III, §378, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2387, as amended by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §382(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2740, provided that:

“(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense may, during fiscal years 1993 through 1996, conduct a program to commemorate the 50th anniversary of World War II and to coordinate, support, and facilitate other such commemoration programs and activities of the Federal Government, State and local governments, and other persons.

“(b) Use of Funds.—During fiscal years 1993 through 1996, funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance of Defense Agencies shall be available to conduct the program referred to in subsection (a).

“(c) Program Activities.—The program referred to in subsection (a) may include activities and ceremonies—

“(1) to provide the people of the United States with a clear understanding and appreciation of the lessons and history of World War II;

“(2) to thank and honor veterans of World War II and their families;

“(3) to pay tribute to the sacrifices and contributions made on the home front by the people of the United States;

“(4) to foster an awareness in the people of the United States that World War II was the central event of the 20th century that defined the postwar world;

“(5) to highlight advances in technology, science, and medicine related to military research conducted during World War II;

“(6) to inform wartime and postwar generations of the contributions of the Armed Forces of the United States to the United States;

“(7) to recognize the contributions and sacrifices made by World War II allies of the United States; and

“(8) to highlight the role of the Armed Forces of the United States, then and now, in maintaining world peace through strength.

“(d) Authority of the Secretary.—(1) In connection with the program referred to in subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense may adopt, use, and register as trademarks and service marks, emblems, signs, insignia, or words. The Secretary shall have the exclusive right to use such emblems, signs, insignia or words, subject to the preexisting rights described in paragraph (3), and may grant exclusive or nonexclusive licenses in connection therewith.

“(2) Without the consent of the Secretary of Defense, any person who uses any emblem, sign, insignia, or word adopted, used, or registered as a trademark or service mark by the Secretary in accordance with paragraph (1), or any combination or simulation thereof tending to cause confusion, to cause mistake, to deceive, or to falsely suggest a connection with the program referred to in subsection (a), shall be subject to suit in a civil action by the Attorney General, upon complaint by the Secretary of Defense, for the remedies provided in the Act of July 5, 1946, as amended (60 Stat. 427; popularly known as the Trademark Act of 1945 [1946]) (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.).

“(3) Any person who actually used an emblem, sign, insignia, or word adopted, used, or registered as a trademark or service mark by the Secretary in accordance with paragraph (1), or any combination or simulation thereof, for any lawful purpose before such adoption, use, or registration as a trademark or service mark by the Secretary shall not be prohibited by this section from continuing such lawful use for the same purpose and for the same goods or services.

“(e) Establishment of Account.—(1) There is established in the Treasury of the United States an account to be known as the ‘Department of Defense 50th Anniversary of World War II Commemoration Account’ which shall be administered by the Secretary of Defense as a single account. There shall be deposited into the account all proceeds derived from activities described in subsection (d).

“(2) The Secretary may use the funds in the account established in paragraph (1) only for the purpose of conducting the program referred to in subsection (a).

“(3) Not later than 60 days after the termination of the authority of the Secretary to conduct the commemoration program referred to in subsection (a), the Secretary shall transmit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives [now Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives] a report containing an accounting of all the funds deposited into and expended from the account or otherwise expended under this section, and of any amount remaining in the account. Unobligated funds which remain in the account after termination of the authority of the Secretary under this section shall be held in the account until transferred by law after the Committees receive the report.

“(f) Provision of Voluntary Services.—(1) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense may accept from any person voluntary services to be provided in furtherance of the program referred to in subsection (a).

“(2) A person providing voluntary services under this subsection shall be considered to be an employee for the purposes of chapter 81 of title 5, relating to compensation for work-related injuries. Such a person who is not otherwise employed by the Federal Government shall not be considered to be a Federal employee for any other purposes by reason of the provision of such service.

“(3) The Secretary of Defense may provide for reimbursement of incidental expenses which are incurred by a person providing voluntary services under this subsection. The Secretary of Defense shall determine which expenses are eligible for reimbursement under this paragraph.”

Review of Military Flight Training Activities at Civilian Airfields

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title III, §383, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2392, provided that:

“(a) Review Required.—The Secretary of Defense shall provide for a review of the practices and procedures of the military departments regarding the use of civilian airfields in flight training activities of the Armed Forces.

“(b) Purpose.—The purpose of the review is to determine whether the practices and procedures referred to in subsection (a) should be modified to better protect the public safety while meeting training requirements of the Armed Forces.

“(c) Special Requirement.—In the conduct of the review, particular consideration shall be given to the practices and procedures regarding the use of civilian airfields in heavily populated areas.”

Report on Actions To Reduce Disincentives for Dependents To Report Abuse by Members of Armed Forces

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VI, §653(d), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2429, provided that:

“(1) Not later than December 15, 1993, the Secretary of Defense shall transmit to the Congress a report on the actions taken and planned to be taken in the Department of Defense to reduce or eliminate disincentives for a dependent of a member of the Armed Forces abused by the member to report the abuse to appropriate authorities.

“(2) The actions considered by the Secretary should include the provision of treatment, child care services, health care services, job training, job placement services, and transitional financial assistance for dependents of members of the Armed Forces referred to in paragraph (1).”

Survivor Notification and Access to Reports Relating to Service Members Who Die

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1072, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2508, provided that:

“(a) Availability of Fatality Reports and Records.—

“(1) Requirement.—The Secretary of each military department shall ensure that fatality reports and records pertaining to any member of the Armed Forces who dies in the line of duty shall be made available to family members of the service member in accordance with this subsection.

“(2) Information to be provided after notification of death.—Within a reasonable period of time after family members of a service member are notified of the member's death, but not more than 30 days after the date of notification, the Secretary concerned shall ensure that the family members—

“(A) in any case in which the cause or circumstances surrounding the death are under investigation, are informed of that fact, of the names of the agencies within the Department of Defense conducting the investigations, and of the existence of any reports by such agencies that have been or will be issued as a result of the investigations; and

“(B) are furnished, if the family members so desire, a copy of any completed investigative report and any other completed fatality reports that are available at the time family members are provided the information described in subparagraph (A) to the extent such reports may be furnished consistent with sections 552 and 552a of title 5, United States Code.

“(3) Assistance in obtaining reports.—(A) In any case in which an investigative report or other fatality reports are not available at the time family members of a service member are provided the information described in paragraph (2)(A) about the member's death, the Secretary concerned shall ensure that a copy of such investigative report and any other fatality reports are furnished to the family members, if they so desire, when the reports are completed and become available, to the extent such reports may be furnished consistent with sections 552 and 552a of title 5, United States Code.

“(B) In any case in which an investigative report or other fatality reports cannot be released at the time family members of a service member are provided the information described in paragraph (2)(A) about the member's death because of section 552 or 552a of title 5, United States Code, the Secretary concerned shall ensure that the family members—

“(i) are informed about the requirements and procedures necessary to request a copy of such reports; and

“(ii) are assisted, if the family members so desire, in submitting a request in accordance with such requirements and procedures.

“(C) The requirement of subparagraph (B) to inform and assist family members in obtaining copies of fatality reports shall continue until a copy of each report is obtained, or access to any such report is denied by competent authority within the Department of Defense.

“(4) Waiver.—The requirements of paragraph (2) or (3) may be waived on a case-by-case basis, but only if the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that compliance with such requirements is not in the interests of national security.

“(b) Review of Combat Fatality Notification Procedures.—

“(1) Review.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review of the fatality notification procedures used by the military departments. Such review shall examine the following matters:

“(A) Whether uniformity in combat fatality notification procedures among the military departments is desirable, particularly with respect to—

“(i) the use of one or two casualty notification and assistance officers;

“(ii) the use of standardized fatality report forms and witness statements;

“(iii) the use of a single center for all military departments through which combat fatality information may be processed; and

“(iv) the use of uniform procedures and the provision of a dispute resolution process for instances in which members of one of the Armed Forces inflict casualties on members of another of the Armed Forces.

“(B) Whether existing combat fatality report forms should be modified to include a block or blocks with which to identify the cause of death as ‘friendly fire’, ‘U.S. ordnance’, or ‘unknown’.

“(C) Whether the existing ‘Emergency Data’ form prepared by members of the Armed Forces should be revised to allow members to specify provision for notification of additional family members in cases such as the case of a divorced service member who leaves children with both a current and a former spouse.

“(D) Whether the military departments should, in all cases, provide family members of a service member who died as a result of injuries sustained in combat with full and complete details of the death of the service member, regardless of whether such details may be graphic, embarrassing to the family members, or reflect negatively on the military department concerned.

“(E) Whether, and when, the military departments should inform family members of a service member who died as a result of injuries sustained in combat about the possibility that the death may have been the result of friendly fire.

“(F) The criteria and standards which the military departments should use in deciding when disclosure is appropriate to family members of a member of the military forces of an allied nation who died as a result of injuries sustained in combat when the death may have been the result of fire from United States armed forces and an investigation into the cause or circumstances of the death has been conducted.

“(2) Report.—The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the review conducted under paragraph (1). Such report shall be submitted not later than March 31, 1993, and shall include recommendations on the matters examined in the review and on any other matters the Secretary determines to be appropriate based upon the review or on any other reviews undertaken by the Department of Defense.

“(c) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) The term ‘fatality reports’ includes investigative reports and any other reports pertaining to the cause or circumstances of death of a member of the Armed Forces in the line of duty (such as autopsy reports, battlefield reports, and medical reports).

“(2) The term ‘family members’ means parents, spouses, adult children, and such other relatives as the Secretary concerned considers appropriate.

“(d) Applicability.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), this section applies with respect to deaths of members of the Armed Forces occurring after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1992].

“(2) With respect to deaths of members of the Armed Forces occurring before the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary concerned shall provide fatality reports to family members upon request as promptly as practicable.”

Limitation on Support for United States Contractors Selling Arms Overseas

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1082, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2516, provided that:

“(a) Support for Contractors.—In the event that a United States defense contractor or industrial association requests the Department of Defense or a military department to provide support in the form of military equipment for any airshow or trade exhibition to be held outside the United States, such equipment may not be supplied unless the contractor or association agrees to reimburse the Treasury of the United States for—

“(1) all incremental costs of military personnel accompanying the equipment, including food, lodging, and local transportation;

“(2) all incremental transportation costs incurred in moving such equipment from its normally assigned location to the airshow or trade exhibition and return; and

“(3) any other miscellaneous incremental costs not included under paragraphs (1) and (2) that are incurred by the Federal Government but would not have been incurred had military support not been provided to the contractor or industrial association.

“(b) Department of Defense Exhibitions.—(1) A military department may not participate directly in any airshow or trade exhibition held outside the United States unless the Secretary of Defense—

“(A) determines that it is in the national security interests of the United States for the military department to do so; and

“(B) provides to the congressional defense committees at least 45 days before the opening of the airshow or trade exhibition a report detailing—

“(i) why the show or exhibition is in the national security interest;

“(ii) a description of the implications that promoting the sale of the weapons in question will have on arms control; and

“(iii) an estimate of any costs to be incurred.

“(2) The Secretary of Defense may not delegate the authority to make the determination referred to in paragraph (1)(A) below the level of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.

“(c) Definition.—In this section, the term ‘incremental transportation cost’ includes the cost of transporting equipment to an airshow or trade exhibition only to the extent that the provision of transportation by the Department of Defense described in subsection (a)(2) does not fulfill legitimate training requirements that would otherwise have to be met.”

Overseas Military End Strength

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIII, §1302, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2545, which provided that on and after Sept. 30, 1996, no appropriated funds may be used to support an end strength level of members of the Armed Forces of the United States assigned to permanent duty ashore in nations outside the United States at any level in excess of 60 percent of the end strength level of such members on Sept. 30, 1992, with exceptions in the event of declarations of war or emergency, was repealed and restated as section 123b of this title by Pub. L. 103–337, §1312(a), (c).

Reports on Overseas Basing

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIII, §1304, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2546, as amended by Pub. L. 103–160, div. B, title XXIX, §2924(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1931, provided that:

“(a) Annual Report.—The Secretary of Defense shall, not later than March 31 of each year through 1997, submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives [now Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives], either separately or as part of another relevant report, a report that specifies—

“(1) the stationing and basing plan by installation for United States military forces outside the United States;

“(2) the status of closures of United States military installations located outside the United States;

“(3) both—

“(A) the status of negotiations, if any, between the United States and the host government as to (i) United States claims for compensation for the fair market value of the improvements made by the United States at each installation referred to in paragraph (2), and (ii) any claims of the host government for damages or restoration of the installation; and

“(B) the representative of the United States in any such negotiations;

“(4) the potential savings to the United States resulting from such closures;

“(5) the cost to the United States of any improvements made at each installation referred to in paragraph (2) and the fair market value of such improvements, expressed in constant dollars based on the date of completion of the improvements;

“(6) in each case in which negotiations between the United States and a host government have resulted in an agreement for the payment to the United States by the host government of the value of improvements to an installation made by the United States, the amount of such payment, the form of such payment, and the expected date of such payment; and

“(7) efforts and progress toward achieving host nation offsets under section 1301(e) [106 Stat. 2545] and reduced end strength levels under section 1302 [set out above].

“(b) Report on Budget Implications of Overseas Basing Agreements.—Whenever the Secretary of Defense enters into a basing agreement between the United States and a foreign country with respect to United States military forces outside the United States, the Secretary of Defense shall, in advance of the signing of the agreement, submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the Federal budget implications of the agreement.”

Commission on Assignment of Women in Armed Forces

Sections 541–550 of Pub. L. 102–190 provided for the creation of a Commission on the Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces to assess the laws and policies restricting the assignment of female service members and the implications, if any, for the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of permitting female members to qualify for assignment to positions in some or all categories of combat positions, with a report to be submitted to the President no later than Nov. 15, 1992, and to the Congress no later than Dec. 15, 1992, containing recommendations as to what roles female members should have in combat and what laws and policies restricting such assignments should be repealed or modified, and further provided for powers and procedures of the Commission, personnel matters, payment of Commission expenses and other miscellaneous administrative provisions, termination of the Commission 90 days after submission of its final report, and test assignments of female service members to combat positions.

Requirements Relating to European Military Procurement Practices

Section 832 of Pub. L. 102–190 provided that:

“(a) European Procurement Practices.—The Secretary of Defense shall—

“(1) compute the total value of American-made military goods and services procured each year by European governments or companies;

“(2) review defense procurement practices of European governments to determine what factors are considered in the selection of contractors and to determine whether American firms are discriminated against in the selection of contractors for purchases by such governments of military goods and services; and

“(3) establish a procedure for discussion with European governments about defense contract awards made by them that American firms believe were awarded unfairly.

“(b) Defense Trade and Cooperation Working Group.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a defense trade and cooperation working group. The purpose of the group is to evaluate the impact of, and formulate United States positions on, European initiatives that affect United States defense trade, cooperation, and technology security. In carrying out the responsibilities of the working group, members of the group shall consult, as appropriate, with personnel in the Departments of State and Commerce and in the Office of the United States Trade Representative.

“(c) GAO Review.—The Comptroller General shall conduct a review to determine how the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization are implementing their bilateral reciprocal defense procurement memoranda of understanding with the United States. The Comptroller General shall complete the review, and submit to Congress a report on the results of the review, not later than February 1, 1992.”

Department of Defense Use of National Intelligence Collection Systems

Section 924 of Pub. L. 102–190 provided that:

“(a) Procedures for Use.—The Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Director of Central Intelligence, shall prescribe procedures for regularly and periodically exercising national intelligence collection systems and exploitation organizations that would be used to provide intelligence support, including support of the combatant commands, during a war or threat to national security.

“(b) Use in Joint Training Exercises.—In accordance with procedures prescribed under subsection (a), the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall provide for the use of the national intelligence collection systems and exploitation organizations in joint training exercises to the extent necessary to ensure that those systems and organizations are capable of providing intelligence support, including support of the combatant commands, during a war or threat to national security.

“(c) Report.—Not later than May 1, 1992, the Secretary of Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence shall submit to the congressional defense committees, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives a joint report—

“(1) describing the procedures prescribed under subsection (a); and

“(2) stating the assessment of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the performance in joint training exercises of the national intelligence collection systems and the Chairman's recommendations for any changes that the Chairman considers appropriate to improve that performance.”

Family Support Center for Families of Prisoners of War and Persons Missing in Action

Section 1083 of Pub. L. 102–190 provided that:

“(a) Request for Establishment.—The President is authorized and requested to establish in the Department of Defense a family support center to provide information and assistance to members of the families of persons who at any time while members of the Armed Forces were classified as prisoners of war or missing in action in Southeast Asia and who have not been accounted for. Such a support center should be located in a facility in the National Capital region.

“(b) Duties.—The center should be organized and provided with such personnel as necessary to permit the center to assist family members referred to in subsection (a) in contacting the departments and agencies of the Federal Government having jurisdiction over matters relating to such persons.”

Reports on Foreign Contributions and Costs of Operation Desert Storm

Pub. L. 102–25, title IV, Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 99, directed Director of Office of Management and Budget to submit to Congress a number of reports on incremental costs associated with Operation Desert Storm and amounts of contributions made to United States by foreign countries to offset those costs, with a final report due not later than Nov. 15, 1992, and directed Secretary of State and Secretary of the Treasury to jointly submit to Congress a number of reports on contributions made by foreign countries as part of international response to Persian Gulf crisis, with a final report due not later than Nov. 15, 1992.

Child Care Assistance to Families of Members Serving on Active Duty During Persian Gulf Conflict

Pub. L. 102–25, title VI, §601, Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 105, as amended by Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1063(d)(1), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1476; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1053(8), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2502, provided that:

“(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense may provide assistance for families of members of the Armed Forces and of members of the National Guard who served on active duty during the Persian Gulf conflict in order to ensure that the children of such families obtain needed child care services. The assistance authorized by this section should be directed primarily toward providing needed child care services for children of such personnel who are serving in the Persian Gulf area or who were otherwise deployed, assigned, or ordered to active duty in connection with Operation Desert Storm.

“(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated from the Defense Cooperation Account for fiscal year 1991 under section 101(a) [105 Stat. 78], ,000,000 shall be available to carry out the provisions of this section. The costs of carrying out such provisions are incremental costs associated with Operation Desert Storm.

“(c) Supplementation of Other Public Funds.—Funds appropriated pursuant to subsection (b) that are made available to carry out this section may be used only to supplement, and not to supplant, the amount of any other Federal, State, or local government funds otherwise expended or authorized for the support of child care programs for members of the Armed Forces.”

Family Education and Support Services to Families of Members Serving on Active Duty in Operation Desert Storm

Pub. L. 102–25, title VI, §602, Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 106, as amended by Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1063(d)(2), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1476, provided that:

“(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense may provide assistance in accordance with this section to families of members of the Armed Forces and members of the National Guard who served on active duty during the Persian Gulf conflict in order to ensure that those families receive educational assistance and family support services necessary to meet needs arising out of Operation Desert Storm.

“(b) Types of Assistance.—The assistance authorized by this section may be provided to families directly or through the awarding of grants, contracts, or other forms of financial assistance to appropriate private or public entities.

“(c) Geographic Areas Assisted.—(1) Such assistance shall be provided primarily in geographic areas—

“(A) in which a substantial number of members of the active components of the Armed Forces of the United States are permanently assigned and from which a significant number of such members are being deployed, or have been deployed, in connection with Operation Desert Storm; or

“(B) from which a significant number of members of the reserve components of the Armed Forces ordered to, or retained on, active duty pursuant to section 672(a) [now 12301(a)], 672(d) [now 12301(d)], 673 [now 12302], 673b [now 12304], or 688 of title 10, United States Code, are being deployed, or have been deployed, in connection with Operation Desert Storm.

“(2) The Secretary of Defense shall determine which areas meet the criteria set out in paragraph (1).

“(d) Educational Assistance.—Educational assistance authorized by this section may be used for the furnishing of one or more of the following forms of assistance:

“(1) Individual or group counseling for children and other members of the families of members of the Armed Forces of the United States who have been deployed in connection with, or are casualties of, Operation Desert Storm.

“(2) Training and technical assistance to better prepare teachers and other school employees to address questions and concerns of children of such members of the Armed Forces.

“(3) Other appropriate programs, services, and information designed to address the special needs of children and other members of the families of members of the Armed Forces referred to in paragraph (1) resulting from the deployment, the return from deployment, or the medical or rehabilitation needs of such members.

“(e) Family Support Assistance.—Family support assistance authorized by this section may be used for the following purposes:

“(1) Family crisis intervention.

“(2) Family counseling.

“(3) Family support groups.

“(4) Expenses for volunteer activities.

“(5) Respite care.

“(6) Housing protection and advocacy.

“(7) Food assistance.

“(8) Employment assistance.

“(9) Child care.

“(10) Benefits eligibility determination services.

“(11) Transportation assistance.

“(12) Adult day care for dependent elderly and disabled adults.

“(13) Temporary housing assistance for immediate family members visiting soldiers wounded during Operation Desert Storm and receiving medical treatment at military hospitals and facilities in the United States.

“(f) Authorization of Appropriations.—Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated from the Defense Cooperation Account for fiscal year 1991 under section 101(a) [105 Stat. 78], ,000,000 shall be available to carry out the provisions of this section. The costs of carrying out such provisions are incremental costs of Operation Desert Storm.”

Withholding of Payments to Indirect-Hire Civilian Personnel of Nonpaying Pledging Nations

Pub. L. 102–25, title VI, §608, Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 112, provided that:

“(a) General Rule.—Effective as of the end of the six-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 6, 1991], the Secretary of Defense shall withhold payments to any nonpaying pledging nation that would otherwise be paid as reimbursements for expenses of indirect-hire civilian personnel of the Department of Defense in that nation.

“(b) Nonpaying Pledging Nation Defined.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘nonpaying pledging nation’ means a foreign nation that has pledged to the United States that it will make contributions to assist the United States in defraying the incremental costs of Operation Desert Shield and which has not paid to the United States the full amount so pledged.

“(c) Release of Withheld Amounts.—When a nation affected by subsection (a) has paid to the United States the full amount pledged, the Secretary of Defense shall release the amounts withheld from payment pursuant to subsection (a).

“(d) Waiver Authority.—The Secretary of Defense may waive the requirement in subsection (a) upon certification to Congress that the waiver is required in the national security interests of the United States.”

Programming Language for Department of Defense Software

Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9070, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1918, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, where cost effective, all Department of Defense software shall be written in the programming language Ada, in the absence of special exemption by an official designated by the Secretary of Defense.”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8073, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1188.

Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8092, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1896.

Contributions by Japan to Support of United States Forces in Japan

Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8105, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1902, as amended by Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1063(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1476, provided that:

“(a) Permanent Ceiling on United States Armed Forces in Japan.—After September 30, 1990, funds appropriated pursuant to an appropriation contained in this Act or any subsequent Act may not be used to support an end strength level of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States stationed in Japan at any level in excess of 50,000.

“(b) Annual Reduction in Ceiling Unless Support Furnished.—Unless the President certifies to Congress before the end of each fiscal year that Japan has agreed to offset for that fiscal year the direct costs incurred by the United States related to the presence of all United States military personnel in Japan, excluding the military personnel title costs, the end strength level for that fiscal year of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States stationed in Japan may not exceed the number that is 5,000 less than such end strength level for the preceding fiscal year.

“(c) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that all those countries that share the benefits of international security and stability should share in the responsibility for that stability and security commensurate with their national capabilities. The Congress also recognizes that Japan has made a substantial pledge of financial support to the effort to support the United Nations Security Council resolutions on Iraq. The Congress also recognizes that Japan has a greater economic capability to contribute to international security and stability than any other member of the international community and wishes to encourage Japan to contribute commensurate with that capability.

“(d) Exceptions.—(1) This section shall not apply in the event of a declaration of war or an armed attack on Japan.

“(2) The President may waive the limitation in this section for any fiscal year if he declares that it is in the national interest to do so and immediately informs Congress of the waiver and the reasons for the waiver.

“(e) Effective Date.—This section shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990].”


Section 1455 of Pub. L. 101–510 provided that:

“(a) Purpose.—It is the purpose of this section to require Japan to offset the direct costs (other than pay and allowances for United States military and civilian personnel) incurred by the United States related to the presence of United States military personnel in Japan.

“(b) Permanent Ceiling on United States Armed Forces in Japan.—Funds appropriated pursuant to an authorization contained in this Act or any subsequent Act may not be used to support an end strength level of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States stationed in Japan at any level in excess of 50,000.

“(c) Sense of Congress on Allied Burden Sharing.—(1) Congress recognizes that Japan has made a substantial pledge of financial support to the effort to support the United Nations Security Council resolutions on Iraq.

“(2) It is the sense of Congress that—

“(A) all countries that share the benefits of international security and stability should, commensurate with their national capabilities, share in the responsibility for maintaining that security and stability; and

“(B) given the economic capability of Japan to contribute to international security and stability, Japan should make contributions commensurate with that capability.

“(d) Negotiations.—At the earliest possible date after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], the President shall enter into negotiations with Japan for the purpose of achieving an agreement before September 30, 1991, under which Japan offsets all direct costs (other than pay and allowances for United States military and civilian personnel) incurred by the United States related to the presence of all United States military personnel stationed in Japan.

“(e) Exceptions.—(1) This section shall not apply in the event of a declaration of war or an armed attack on Japan.

“(2) This section may be waived by the President if the President—

“(A) declares an emergency or determines that such a waiver is required by the national security interests of the United States; and

“(B) immediately informs the Congress of the waiver and the reasons for the waiver.”

National Military Strategy Reports

Section 901 of Pub. L. 101–510 provided that:

“(a) Reports by the Secretary of Defense.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a national military strategy report during each of fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994. Each such report shall be submitted with the Secretary's annual report to Congress for that year under section 113(j) of title 10, United States Code.

“(b) Matters To Be Covered in Reports.—Each such report shall cover a period of at least ten years and shall address the following:

“(1) The threats facing the United States and its allies.

“(2) The degree to which military forces can contribute to the achievement of national objectives.

“(3) The strategic military plan for applying those forces to the achievement of national objectives.

“(4) The risk to the national security of the United States and its allies that ensues.

“(5) The organization and structure of military forces to implement the strategy.

“(6) The broad mission areas for various components of the forces and the broad support requirements to implement the strategy.

“(7) The functions for which each military department should organize, train, and equip forces for the combatant commands responsible for implementing the strategy.

“(8) The priorities assigned to major weapons and equipment acquisitions and to research and development programs in order to fill the needs and eliminate deficiencies of the combatant commands.

“(c) Relationship of Plans to Budget.—The strategic military plans and other matters covered by each report shall be fiscally constrained and shall relate to the current Department of Defense Multiyear Defense Plan and resource levels projected by the Secretary of Defense to be available over the period covered by the report.

“(d) Effects of Alternative Budget Levels.—Each such report shall also include an assessment of the effect on the risk and the other components of subsection (b) in the event that (1) an additional ,000,000,000 is available in budget authority in the fiscal year which is addressed by the budget request that the report accompanies, and (2) budget authority for that fiscal year is reduced by ,000,000,000. For these assessments the Secretary of Defense shall make appropriate assumptions about the funds available for the remainder of the period covered by the report.

“(e) Role of Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff.—In accordance with his role as principal military adviser to the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall participate fully in the development of each such report. The Secretary of Defense shall provide the Chairman such additional guidance as is necessary to enable the Chairman to develop and recommend fiscally constrained strategic plans for the Secretary's consideration in accordance with section 153(a)(2) of title 10, United States Code. In accordance with additional responsibilities of the Chairman set out in section 153, the Chairman shall provide recommendations to the Secretary on the other components of paragraph (2).

“(f) Classification of Reports.—The reports submitted to Congress under subsection (a) shall be submitted in both classified and (to the extent practicable) unclassified versions.”

Annual Report on Balanced Technology Initiative

Section 211(e) of Pub. L. 101–189 provided that: “Not later than March 15 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the Balanced Technology Initiative and related matters. Each such report shall include the following:

“(1) A current assessment of the extent to which advanced technologies can be used to exploit potential vulnerabilities of hostile threats to the national security of the United States.

“(2) Identification of each program, project, and activity being pursued under the Balanced Technology Initiative and, with respect to each such program, project, and activity, the amount made available pursuant to this section and the source of such amount.

“(3) For each program, project, and activity for which funds are made available pursuant to this section, a five-year funding plan that (A) provides for the allocation of sufficient resources to maintain adequate progress in research and development under such program, project, or activity, and (B) specifies the major programmatic and technical milestones and the schedule for achieving those milestones.

“(4) The status of each program, project, and activity being pursued under the Balanced Technology Initiative.

“(5) Identification of other on-going or potential research and development programs, projects, and activities not currently provided for under this section that should be considered for inclusion under the Balanced Technology Initiative in order to improve conventional defense capabilities.

“(6) Identification of the most critical technologies for the successful development of existing or potential Balanced Technology Initiative programs, projects, and activities and an assessment of the current status of those technologies.”

Military Relocation Assistance Programs

Section 661 of Pub. L. 101–189, which related to establishment by Secretary of Defense of programs to provide relocation assistance to members of Armed Forces and their families, was repealed and restated in section 1056 of this title by Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1481(c)(1), (3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1705.

Military Child Care

Title XV of div. A of Pub. L. 101–189 provided that:

“SEC. 1501. SHORT TITLE; DEFINITIONS

“(a) Short Title.—This title may be cited as the ‘Military Child Care Act of 1989’.

“(b) Definitions.—For purposes of this title:

“(1) The term ‘military child development center’ means a facility on a military installation (or on property under the jurisdiction of the commander of a military installation) at which child care services are provided for members of the Armed Forces or any other facility at which such child care services are provided that is operated by the Secretary of a military department.

“(2) The term ‘family home day care’ means home-based child care services that are provided for members of the Armed Forces by an individual who (A) is certified by the Secretary of the military department concerned as qualified to provide those services, and (B) provides those services on a regular basis for compensation.

“(3) The term ‘child care employee’ means a civilian employee of the Department of Defense who is employed to work in a military child development center (regardless of whether the employee is paid from appropriated funds or nonappropriated funds).

“(4) The term ‘child care fee receipts’ means those nonappropriated funds that are derived from fees paid by members of the Armed Forces for child care services provided at military child development centers.

“SEC. 1502. FUNDING FOR MILITARY CHILD CARE FOR FISCAL YEAR 1990

“(a) Fiscal Year 1990 Funding.—(1) It is the policy of Congress that the amount of appropriated funds available during fiscal year 1990 for operating expenses for military child development centers shall not be less than the amount of child care fee receipts that are estimated to be received by the Department of Defense during that fiscal year. Of the amount authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1990, 2,000,000 shall be available for operating expenses for military child development centers.

“(2) In addition to the amount referred to in paragraph (1), ,000,000 shall be available for child care and child-related services of the Department other than military child development centers.

“(3) In using the funds referred to in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give priority to—

“(A) increasing the number of child care employees who are directly involved in providing child care for members of the Armed Forces; and

“(B) expanding the availability of child care for members of the Armed Forces.

“(b) Funds Derived From Parent Fees To Be Used for Employee Compensation and Other Child Care Services.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), child care fee receipts may be used during fiscal year 1990 only for compensation of child care employees who are directly involved in providing child care.

“(2) If the Secretary of Defense determines that compliance with the limitation in paragraph (1) would result in an uneconomical and inefficient use of such fee receipts, the Secretary may (to the extent that such compliance would be uneconomical and inefficient) use such receipts—

“(A) first, for the purchase of consumable or disposable items for military child development centers; and

“(B) if the requirements of such centers for consumable or disposable items for fiscal year 1990 have been met, for other expenses of those centers.

“(c) Report.—(1) Not later than December 31, 1989, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on how the Secretary intends to use the funds referred to in subsection (a), including how the Secretary intends to achieve the priorities specified in paragraph (3) of that subsection.

“(2) If at the time such report is submitted the Secretary proposes to use the authority provided by subsection (b)(2), the Secretary shall include in the report under paragraph (1) a description of the use proposed to be made of that authority and a statement of the reasons why the Secretary determined that compliance with the limitation in subsection (b)(1) would result in an uneconomical and inefficient use of child care fee receipts, together with supporting cost information and other information justifying the determination.

“(3) If the Secretary uses such authority after December 31, 1989, the Secretary shall promptly inform the committees of the use of the authority and of the reasons for its use.

“SEC. 1503. CHILD CARE EMPLOYEES

“(a) Required Training.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall establish, and prescribe regulations to implement, a training program for child care employees. Those regulations shall apply uniformly among the military departments. Subject to paragraph (2), satisfactory completion of the training program shall be a condition of employment of any person as a child care employee.

“(2) Under those regulations, the Secretary shall require that each child care employee complete the training program not later than six months after the date on which the employee is employed as a child care employee (except that, in the case of a child care employee hired before the date on which the training program is established, the Secretary shall require that the employee complete the program not later than six months after that date).

“(3) The training program established under this subsection shall cover, at a minimum, training in the following:

“(A) Early childhood development.

“(B) Activities and disciplinary techniques appropriate to children of different ages.

“(C) Child abuse prevention and detection.

“(D) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other emergency medical procedures.

“(b) Training and Curriculum Specialists.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall require that at least one employee at each military child development center be a specialist in training and curriculum development. The Secretary shall ensure that such employees have appropriate credentials and experience.

“(2) The duties of such employees shall include the following:

“(A) Special teaching activities at the center.

“(B) Daily oversight and instruction of other child care employees at the center.

“(C) Daily assistance in the preparation of lesson plans.

“(D) Assistance in the center's child abuse prevention and detection program.

“(E) Advising the director of the center on the performance of other child care employees.

“(3) Each employee referred to in paragraph (1) shall be an employee in a competitive service position.

“(c) Program To Test Competitive Rates of Pay.—(1) For the purpose of improving the capability of the Department of Defense to provide military child development centers with a qualified and stable civilian workforce, the Secretary of Defense shall conduct a program as provided in this subsection to increase the compensation of child care employees. The Secretary shall begin the program not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1989]. The program shall be in effect for a period of at least two years.

“(2) The program shall apply to all child care employees who—

“(A) are directly involved in providing child care; and

“(B) are paid from nonappropriated funds.

“(3) Under the program, child care employees at a military installation who are described in paragraph (2) shall be paid—

“(A) in the case of entry-level employees, at rates of pay competitive with the rates of pay paid to other entry-level employees at that installation who are drawn from the same labor pool; and

“(B) in the case of other employees, at rates of pay substantially equivalent to the rates of pay paid to other employees at that installation with similar training, seniority, and experience.

“(d) Employment Preference Test Program for Military Spouses.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a test program under which qualified spouses of members of the Armed Forces shall be given a preference in hiring for the position of child care employee in a position paid from nonappropriated funds if the spouse is among persons determined to be best qualified for the position. A spouse who is provided a preference under this subsection at a military child development center may not be precluded from obtaining another preference, in accordance with section 806 of the Military Family Act of 1985 [Pub. L. 99–145] (10 U.S.C. 113 note), in the same geographical area as the military child development center.

“(2) The test program under this subsection shall run concurrently with the program under subsection (c).

“(e) Report on Compensation and Spouse Employment Preference Programs.—Not later than March 1, 1991, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the programs under subsections (c) and (d). The report shall include the findings of the Secretary concerning the effect of each of the programs on the quality of child care provided in military child development centers and the effect of the spouse employment preference program on employee turnover at such centers.

“(f) Additional Child Care Positions.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall make available for child care programs of the Department of Defense, not later than September 30, 1990, at least 1,000 competitive service positions in addition to the number of competitive service positions in such programs as of September 30, 1989. During fiscal year 1991, the Secretary shall make available to child care programs of the Department additional competitive service positions so that the number of competitive service positions in such programs as of September 30, 1991, is at least 3,700 greater than the number of competitive service positions in such programs as of September 30, 1989.

“(2) The Secretary may waive the increase otherwise required by the second sentence of paragraph (1) to the extent that the Secretary determines that such increase is not executable. If the Secretary issues such a waiver, the Secretary shall promptly submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the waiver. Any such report shall specify the number of such positions waived and the reasons for the waiver.

“(3) The additional positions provided for in paragraph (1), and the workyears associated with those positions, that are used outside the United States shall not be counted for purpose of applying any limitation on the total number of positions or workyears, respectively, available to the Department of Defense outside the United States (or any limitation on the availability of appropriated funds for such positions or workyears for any fiscal year).

“(g) Competitive Service Position Defined.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘competitive service position’ means a position in the competitive service, as defined in section 2102(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code.

“SEC. 1504. PARENT FEES

“The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations establishing fees to be charged parents for the attendance of children at military child development centers. Those regulations shall be uniform for the military departments and shall require that, in the case of children who attend the centers on a regular basis, the fees shall be based on family income.

“SEC. 1505. CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND SAFETY AT FACILITIES

“(a) Child Abuse Task Force.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish and maintain a special task force to respond to allegations of widespread child abuse at a military installation. The task force shall be composed of personnel from appropriate disciplines, including, where appropriate, medicine, psychology, and childhood development. In the case of such allegations, the task force shall provide assistance to the commander of the installation, and to parents at the installation, in helping them to deal with such allegations.

“(b) National Hotline.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall establish and maintain a national telephone number for persons to use to report suspected child abuse or safety violations at a military child development center or family home day care site. The Secretary shall ensure that such reports may be made anonymously if so desired by the person making the report. The Secretary shall establish procedures for following up on complaints and information received over that number.

“(2) The Secretary shall establish such national telephone number not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1989] and shall publicize the existence of the number.

“(c) Assistance From Local Authorities.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations requiring that, in a case of allegations of child abuse at a military child development center or family home day care site, the commander of the military installation or the head of the task force established under subsection (a) shall seek the assistance of local child protective authorities if such assistance is available.

“(d) Safety Regulations.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations on safety and operating procedures at military child development centers. Those regulations shall apply uniformly among the military departments.

“(e) Inspections.—The Secretary of Defense shall require that each military child development center be inspected not less often than four times a year. Each such inspection shall be unannounced. At least one inspection a year shall be carried out by a representative of the installation served by the center, and one inspection a year shall be carried out by a representative of the major command under which that installation operates.

“(f) Remedies for Violations.—(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any violation of a safety, health, or child welfare law or regulation (discovered at an inspection or otherwise) at a military child development center shall be remedied immediately.

“(2) In the case of a violation that is not life threatening, the commander of the major command under which the installation concerned operates may waive the requirement that the violation be remedied immediately for a period of up to 90 days beginning on the date of the discovery of the violation. If the violation is not remedied as of the end of that 90-day period, the military child development center shall be closed until the violation is remedied. The Secretary of the military department concerned may waive the preceding sentence and authorize the center to remain open in a case in which the violation cannot reasonably be remedied within that 90-day period or in which major facility reconstruction is required.

“(3) If a military child development center is closed under paragraph (2), the Secretary of the military department concerned shall promptly submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives [now Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives] a report notifying those committees of the closing. The report shall include—

“(A) notice of the violation that resulted in the closing and the cost of remedying the violation; and

“(B) a statement of the reasons why the violation has not been remedied as of the time of the report.

“(g) Report on Cooperation With Department of Justice.—(1) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall study matters relating to military child care that are of concern to the Department of Justice. The matters studied shall include the following:

“(A) Improving communication between the Department of Defense and the Department of Justice in investigations of child abuse in military programs and in the coordination of the conduct of such investigations.

“(B) Eliminating overlapping responsibilities between the two departments.

“(C) Making better use of government and non-government experts in child abuse investigations and prosecutions.

“(D) Improving communication with affected families by the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, and appropriate State and local agencies.

“(2) Not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1989], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the study required by paragraph (1). The report shall include recommendations on methods for improving the matters studied.

“(3) Not later than nine months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report evaluating the findings in the report submitted under paragraph (2).

“SEC. 1506. PARENT PARTNERSHIPS WITH CHILD DEVELOPMENT CENTERS

“(a) Parent Boards.—The Secretary of Defense shall require that there be established at each military child development center a board of parents, to be composed of parents of children attending the center. The board shall meet periodically with staff of the center and the commander of the installation served by the center for the purpose of discussing problems and concerns. The board, together with the staff of the center, shall be responsible for coordinating the parent participation program described in subsection (b).

“(b) Parent Participation Programs.—The Secretary of Defense shall require the establishment of a parent participation program at each military child development center. As part of such program, the Secretary of Defense may establish fees for attendance of children at such a center, in the case of parents who participate in the parent participation program at that center, at rates lower than the rates that otherwise apply.

“SEC. 1507. REPORT ON FIVE-YEAR DEMAND FOR CHILD CARE

“(a) Report Required.—Not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1989], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the expected demand for child care by military and civilian personnel of the Department of Defense during fiscal years 1991 through 1995.

“(b) Plan for Meeting Demand.—The report shall include—

“(1) a plan for meeting the expected child care demand identified in the report; and

“(2) an estimate of the cost of implementing that plan.

“(c) Monitoring of Family Day Care Providers.—The report shall also include a description of methods for monitoring family home day care programs of the military departments.

“SEC. 1508. SUBSIDIES FOR FAMILY HOME DAY CARE

“The Secretary of Defense may use appropriated funds available for military child care purposes to provide assistance to family home day care providers so that family home day care services can be provided to members of the Armed Forces at a cost comparable to the cost of services provided by military child development centers. The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the provision of such assistance.

“SEC. 1509. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM

“(a) Demonstration Program for Accredited Centers.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a program to demonstrate the effect on the development of preschool children of requiring that military child development centers meet standards of operation necessary for accreditation by an appropriate national early childhood programs accrediting body. To carry out such demonstration program, the Secretary shall ensure that not later than June 1, 1991, at least 50 military child development centers are accredited by such an appropriate national early childhood accrediting body.

“(2) Each military child development center so accredited shall be designated as an early childhood education demonstration project and shall serve as a program model for other military child development centers and family home day care providers at military installations.

“(b) Plan for Implementation.—Not later than April 1, 1990, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a plan for carrying out the requirements of subsection (a).

“(c) Evaluation.—The Secretary shall obtain an independent evaluation of the demonstration program carried out under subsection (a) to determine the extent to which the imposition of a requirement that military child development centers meet accreditation standards effectively promotes the development of preschool children of members of the Armed Forces. The Secretary shall report the results of the evaluation to Congress, together with such comments and recommendations as the Secretary considers appropriate, not later than July 15, 1992.

“SEC. 1510. DEADLINE FOR REGULATIONS

“Regulations required to be prescribed by this title shall be prescribed not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1989].”

Lead Agency for Detection of Transit of Illegal Drugs

Section 1102 of Pub. L. 100–456, which designated the Department of Defense as the single lead agency of the Federal Government for detection and monitoring of aerial and maritime transit of illegal drugs into the United States, was repealed and restated as section 124 of this title by Pub. L. 101–189, §1202(a)(1), (b).

Annual Assessment of Security at United States Bases in Philippines

Section 1309 of Pub. L. 100–456 directed Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress annual reports assessing security at United States military facilities in Republic of Philippines, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1074, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2511.

Department of Defense Overseas Personnel; Actions Resulting in More Balanced Sharing of Defense and Foreign Assistance Spending Burdens by United States and Allies; Reports to Congress; Limitation on Active Duty Armed Forces Members in Japan and Republic of Korea

Pub. L. 100–463, title VIII, §8125, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2270–41, as amended by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, §1623, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1606; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(j), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 408, provided that:

“(a)(1) Not later than March 1, 1989, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the assignment of military missions among the member countries of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and on the prospects for the more effective assignment of such missions among such countries.

“(2) The report shall include a discussion of the following:

“(A) The current assignment of military missions among the member countries of NATO.

“(B) Military missions for which there is duplication of capability or for which there is inadequate capability within the current assignment of military missions within NATO.

“(C) Alternatives to the current assignment of military missions that would maximize the military contributions of the member countries of NATO.

“(D) Any efforts that are underway within NATO or between individual member countries of NATO at the time the report is submitted that are intended to result in a more effective assignment of military missions within NATO.

“(b) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall (1) conduct a review of the long-term strategic interests of the United States overseas and the future requirements for the assignment of members of the Armed Forces of the United States to permanent duty ashore outside the United States, and (2) determine specific actions that, if taken, would result in a more balanced sharing of defense and foreign assistance spending burdens by the United States and its allies. Not later than August 1, 1989, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall transmit to Congress a report containing the findings resulting from the review and their determinations.

“(c) [Repealed. Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(j), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 408.]

“(d) The President shall specify (separately by appropriation account) in the Department of Defense items included in each budget submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, (1) the amounts necessary for payment of all personnel, operations, maintenance, facilities, and support costs for Department of Defense overseas military units, and (2) the costs for all dependents who accompany Department of Defense personnel outside the Unied [sic] States.

“(e) Not later than May 1, 1989, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services and on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report that sets forth the total costs required to support the dependents who accompany Department of Defense personnel assigned to permanent duty overseas.

“(f) As of September 30 of each fiscal year, the number of members of the Armed Forces on active duty assigned to permanent duty ashore in Japan and the Republic of Korea may not exceed 94,450 (the number of members of the Armed Forces on active duty assigned to permanent duty ashore in Japan and the Republic of Korea on September 30, 1987). The limitation in the preceding sentence may be increased if and when (1) a major reduction of United States forces in the Republic of the Philippines is required because of a loss of basing rights in that nation, and (2) the President determines and certifies to Congress that, as a consequence of such loss, an increase in United States forces stationed in Japan and the Republic of Korea is necessary.

“(g)(1) After fiscal year 1990, budget submissions to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, shall identify funds requested for Department of Defense personnel and units in permanent duty stations ashore outside the United States that exceed the amount of such costs incurred in fiscal year 1989 and shall set forth a detailed description of (A) the types of expenditures increased, by appropriation account, activity and program; and (B) specific efforts to obtain allied host nations’ financing for these cost increases.

“(2) The Secretary of Defense shall notify in advance the Committees on Appropriations and Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives [Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives now Committee on National Security], through existing notification procedures, when costs of maintaining Department of Defense personnel and units in permanent duty stations ashore outside the United States will exceed the amounts as defined in the Department of Defense budget as enacted for that fiscal year. Such notification shall describe: (A) the type of expenditures that increased; and (B) the source of funds (including prior year unobligated balances) by appropriation account, activity and program, proposed to finance these costs.

“(3) In computing the costs incurred for maintaining Department of Defense personnel and forces in permanent duty stations ashore outside the United States compared with the amount of such costs incurred in fiscal year 1989, the Secretary shall—

“(A) exclude increased costs resulting from increases in the rates of pay provided for members of the Armed Forces and civilian employees of the United States Government and exclude any cost increases in supplies and services resulting from inflation; and

“(B) include (i) the costs of operation and maintenance and of facilities for the support of Department of Defense overseas personnel, and (ii) increased costs resulting from any decline in the foreign exchange rate of the United States dollar.

“(h) The provisions of subsections (f) and (g) shall not apply in time of war or during a national emergency declared by the President or Congress.

“(i) In this section—

“(1) the term ‘personnel’ means members of the Armed Forces of the United States and civilian employees of the Department of Defense;

“(2) the term ‘Department of Defense overseas personnel’ means those Department of Defense personnel who are assigned to permanent duty ashore outside the United States; and

“(3) the term ‘United States’ includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States.”

Annual Report on Costs of Stationing United States Troops Overseas

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(b) [title VIII, §8042], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–43, 1329–69, which required Secretary of Defense to submit annual report on full costs of stationing United States troops overseas, etc., was repealed and restated in subsec. (k) [now (j)] of this section by Pub. L. 100–370, §1(o).

Regulations Regarding Employment and Volunteer Work of Spouses of Military Personnel

Section 637 of Pub. L. 100–180 provided that: “Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1987], the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to establish the policy that—

“(1) the decision by a spouse of a member of the Armed Forces to be employed or to voluntarily participate in activities relating to the Armed Forces should not be influenced by the preferences or requirements of the Armed Forces; and

“(2) neither such decision nor the marital status of a member of the Armed Forces should have an effect on the assignment or promotion opportunities of the member.”

Test Program for Reimbursement for Adoption Expenses

Section 638 of Pub. L. 100–180, as amended by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VI, §662, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1484(l)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1719, provided that:

“(a) Test Program.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a test program under which a member of the Armed Forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary may be reimbursed, as provided in this section, for qualifying adoption expenses incurred by the member. The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a similar test program under which a member of the Coast Guard may be reimbursed, as provided in this section, for qualifying adoption expenses incurred by the member.

“(b) Adoptions Covered.—An adoption for which expenses may be reimbursed under this section includes an adoption by a single person, an infant adoption, an intercountry adoption, and an adoption of a child with special needs (as defined in section 473(c) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 673(c)).

“(c) Benefits Paid After Adoption is Final.—Benefits paid under this section in the case of an adoption may be paid only after the adoption is final.

“(d) Treatment of Other Benefits.—A benefit may not be paid under this section for any expense paid to or for a member of the Armed Forces under any other adoption benefits program administered by the Federal Government or under any such program administered by a State or local government.

“(e) Limitations.—(1) Not more than ,000 may be paid to a member of the Armed Forces under this section for expenses incurred in the adoption of a child.

“(2) Not more than ,000 may be paid to a member of the Armed Forces under this section for adoptions by such member in any calendar year.

“(f) Regulations.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section with respect to members of the Armed Forces under the Secretary's jurisdiction. The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section with respect to members of the Coast Guard.

“(g) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) The term ‘qualifying adoption expenses’ means reasonable and necessary expenses that are directly related to the legal adoption of a child under 18 years of age, but only if such adoption is arranged—

“(A) by a State or local government agency which has responsibility under State or local law for child placement through adoption;

“(B) by a nonprofit, voluntary adoption agency which is authorized by State or local law to place children for adoption; or

“(C) through a private placement.

“(2) The term ‘qualifying adoption expenses’ does not include any expense incurred—

“(A) for any travel performed outside the United States by an adopting parent, unless such travel—

“(i) is required by law as a condition of a legal adoption in the country of the child's origin, or is otherwise necessary for the purpose of qualifying for the adoption of a child;

“(ii) is necessary for the purpose of assessing the health and status of the child to be adopted; or

“(iii) is necessary for the purpose of escorting the child to be adopted to the United States or the place where the adopting member of the Armed Forces is stationed; or

“(B) in connection with an adoption arranged in violation of Federal, State, or local law.

“(3) The term ‘reasonable and necessary expenses’ includes—

“(A) public and private agency fees, including adoption fees charged by an agency in a foreign country;

“(B) placement fees, including fees charged adoptive parents for counseling;

“(C) legal fees, including court costs;

“(D) medical expenses, including hospital expenses of a newborn infant, for medical care furnished the adopted child before the adoption, and for physical examinations for the adopting parents;

“(E) expenses relating to pregnancy and childbirth for the biological mother, including counseling, transportation, and maternity home costs;

“(F) temporary foster care charges when payment of such charges is required to be made immediately before the child's placement; and

“(G) except as provided in paragraph (2)(A), transportation expenses relating to the adoption.

“(h) Duration of Test Program.—The test program under this section shall apply with respect to qualifying adoption expenses incurred for adoption proceedings initiated—

“(1) in the case of a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps, after September 30, 1987, and before October 1, 1990; and

“(2) in the case of a member of the Coast Guard, after September 30, 1989, and before October 1, 1990.”

Counterintelligence Polygraph Program

Section 1121 of Pub. L. 100–180 provided that:

“(a) Authority for Program.—The Secretary of Defense may carry out a program for the administration of counterintelligence polygraph examinations to persons described in subsection (b). The program shall be based on Department of Defense Directive 5210.48, dated December 24, 1984.

“(b) Persons Covered.—Except as provided in subsection (d), the following persons whose duties involve access to information that has been classified at the level of top secret or designated as being within a special access program under section 4.2(a) of Executive Order 12356 [set out as a note under section 435 of Title 50, War and National Defense] (or a successor Executive order) are subject to this section:

“(1) Military and civilian personnel of the Department of Defense.

“(2) Personnel of defense contractors.

“(c) Limitation on Number of Examinations.—The number of counterintelligence polygraph examinations that may be administered under this section—

“(1) may not exceed 10,000 during each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, and 1990; and

“(2) may not exceed 5,000 during any fiscal year after fiscal year 1990 for which a specific number is not otherwise provided by law.

“(d) Exceptions From Coverage for Certain Intelligence Agencies and Functions.—This section does not apply—

“(1) to a person assigned or detailed to the Central Intelligence Agency or to an expert or consultant under a contract with the Central Intelligence Agency;

“(2) to (A) a person employed by or assigned or detailed to the National Security Agency, (B) an expert or consultant under contract to the National Security Agency, (C) an employee of a contractor of the National Security Agency, or (D) a person applying for a position in the National Security Agency;

“(3) to a person assigned to a space where sensitive cryptographic information is produced, processed, or stored; or

“(4) to a person employed by, or assigned or detailed to, an office within the Department of Defense for the collection of specialized national foreign intelligence through reconnaissance programs or a contractor of such an office.

“(e) Polygraph Research Program.—The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a continuing research program to support the polygraph activities of the Department of Defense. The program shall include—

“(1) an on-going evaluation of the validity of polygraph techniques used by the Department;

“(2) research on polygraph countermeasures and anti-countermeasures; and

“(3) developmental research on polygraph techniques, instrumentation, and analytic methods.

“(f) Annual Report on Polygraph Programs.—(1) Not later than January 15 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on polygraph examinations administered by or for the Department of Defense during the previous fiscal year (whether administered under this section or any other authority).

“(2) Each such report shall include the following with regard to the program authorized by subsection (a):

“(A) A statement of the number of polygraph examinations administered by or for the Department of Defense during such fiscal year.

“(B) A description of the purposes and results of such examinations.

“(C) A description of the criteria used for selecting programs and persons for such examination.

“(D) A statement of the number of persons who refused to submit to such an examination and a description of the actions taken as a result of the refusals.

“(E) A statement of the number of persons for which such an examination indicated deception and the action taken as a result of the examinations.

“(F) A detailed accounting of those cases in which more than two such examinations were needed to attempt to resolve discrepancies and those cases in which the examination of a person extended over more than one day.

“(3) Each such report shall also include the following:

“(A) A description of any plans to expand the use of polygraph examinations in the Department of Defense.

“(B) A discussion of any plans of the Secretary for recruiting and training additional polygraph operators together with statistical data on the employment turnover of Department of Defense polygraph operators.

“(C) A description of the results during the preceding fiscal year of the research program under subsection (e).

“(D) A statement of the number of polygraph examinations administered to persons described in subsection (d) (which number may be set forth in a classified annex to the report).

“(g) Repeal.—Section 1221 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 (Public Law 99–145; 99 Stat. 726) [not classified to the Code], is repealed.

“(h) Effective Date.—This section shall take effect as of October 1, 1987.”

Coordination of Permanent Change of Station Moves With School Year

Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, §612, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3878, provided that: “The Secretary of each military department shall establish procedures to ensure that, to the maximum extent practicable within operational and other military requirements, permanent change of station moves for members of the Armed Forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary who have dependents in elementary or secondary school occur at times that avoid disruption of the school schedules of such dependents.”

Comparable Budgeting for Similar Systems

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §955], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–173, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §955], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–173; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §955, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3953, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273, which provided that in preparing the defense budget for any fiscal year, the Secretary of Defense was to specifically identify each common procurement weapon system included in the budget, take all feasible steps to minimize variations in procurement unit costs for any such system as shown in the budget requests of the different armed forces requesting procurement funds for the system, and identify and justify in the budget all such variations in procurement unit costs for common procurement weapon systems, and that the Secretary of Defense carry out this section through the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), was repealed and restated in section 2217 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, §1(d)(3).

Annual Report to Congress on Implementation of Joint Officer Personnel Policy

Section 405 of Pub. L. 99–433 provided that: “The Secretary of Defense shall include in the annual report of the Secretary to Congress under section 113(c) of title 10, United States Code (as redesignated by section 101(a)), for each year from 1987 through 1991 a detailed report on the implementation of this title and the amendments made by this title [enacting chapter 38 of this title, amending sections 601, 612, 615, 618, and 619 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 113, 612, 661, 663, and 664 of this title].”

Initial Report to Congress

Section 406(g) of Pub. L. 99–433 provided that: “The first report submitted by the Secretary of Defense after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 1, 1986] under section 113(c) of title 10, United States Code (as redesignated by section 101), shall contain as much of the information required by section 667 of such title (as added by section 401) as is available to the Secretary at the time of the preparation of the report.”

Security at Military Bases Abroad

Pub. L. 99–399, title XI, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 894, provided that:

“SEC. 1101. FINDINGS.

“The Congress finds that—

“(1) there is evidence that terrorists consider bases and installations of United States Armed Forces outside the United States to be targets for attack;

“(2) more attention should be given to the protection of members of the Armed Forces, and members of their families, stationed outside the United States; and

“(3) current programs to educate members of the Armed Forces, and members of their families, stationed outside of the United States to the threats of terrorist activity and how to protect themselves should be substantially expanded.

“SEC. 1102. RECOMMENDED ACTIONS BY THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE.

“It is the sense of the Congress that—

“(1) the Secretary of Defense should review the security of each base and installation of the Department of Defense outside the United States, including the family housing and support activities of each such base or installation, and take the steps the Secretary considers necessary to improve the security of such bases and installations; and

“(2) the Secretary of Defense should institute a program of training for members of the Armed Forces, and for members of their families, stationed outside the United States concerning security and antiterrorism.

“SEC. 1103. REPORT TO THE CONGRESS.

“No later than June 30, 1987, the Secretary of Defense shall report to the Congress on any actions taken by the Secretary described in section 1102.”

Surcharge for Sales by Animal Disease Prevention and Control Centers; Fee for Veterinary Services

Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §685(a), (b), (d), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 666, provided that:

“(a) Required Surcharge.—The Secretary of Defense shall require that each time a sale is recorded at a military animal disease prevention and control center the person to whom the sale is made shall be charged a surcharge of .

“(b) Deposit of Receipts in Treasury.—Amounts received from surcharges under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury in accordance with section 3302 of title 31.”

“(d) Effective Date.—This section shall take effect on October 1, 1985.”

Pub. L. 98–94, title X, §1033, Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 672, as amended by Pub. L. 98–525, title VI, §656, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2553, effective Oct. 1, 1985, required payment by a member of the Armed Forces of a fee for veterinary services, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §685(c), (d), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 666, effective Oct. 1, 1985.

Military Family Policy and Programs

Pub. L. 99–145, title VIII, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 678, as amended by Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title VI, §653, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3890; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VI, §635, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1106; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title V, §524, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1975, provided that:

“SEC. 801. SHORT TITLE

“This title may be cited as the ‘Military Family Act of 1985’.

“SEC. 802. OFFICE OF FAMILY POLICY

“(a) Establishment.—There is hereby established in the Office of the Secretary of Defense an Office of Family Policy (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ‘Office’). The Office shall be under the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management and Personnel.

“(b) Duties.—The Office—

“(1) shall coordinate programs and activities of the military departments to the extent that they relate to military families; and

“(2) shall make recommendations to the Secretaries of the military departments with respect to programs and policies regarding military families.

“(c) Staff.—The Office shall have not less than five professional staff members.

“(d) Report.—The Secretary of Defense shall submit a report to Congress concerning the Office no later than September 30, 1986. The report shall include—

“(1) a description of the activities of the Office and the composition of its staff; and

“(2) the recommendations of the Office for legislative and administrative action to enhance the well-being of military families.

“SEC. 803. TRANSFER OF MILITARY FAMILY RESOURCE CENTER

“The Military Family Resource Center of the Department of Defense is hereby transferred from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Force Management and Personnel.

“SEC. 804. SURVEYS OF MILITARY FAMILIES

“The Secretary of Defense may conduct surveys of members of the Armed Forces serving on active duty, members of the families of such members, and retired members of the Armed Forces to determine the effectiveness of existing Federal programs relating to military families and the need for new programs. Responses to surveys conducted under this section shall be voluntary. With respect to such surveys, family members of members of the Armed Forces and retired members of the Armed Forces shall be considered to be employees of the United States for purposes of section 3502(4)(A) of title 44, United States Code.

“SEC. 805. FAMILY MEMBERS SERVING ON ADVISORY COMMITTEES

“A committee within the Department of Defense which advises or assists the Department in the performance of any function which affects members of military families and which includes members of military families in its membership shall not be considered an advisory committee under section 3(2) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) solely because of such membership.

“SEC. 806. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MILITARY SPOUSES

“(a) Authority.—The President shall order such measures as the President considers necessary to increase employment opportunities for spouses of members of the Armed Forces. Such measures may include—

“(1) excepting, pursuant to section 3302 of title 5, United States Code, from the competitive service positions in the Department of Defense located outside of the United States to provide employment opportunities for qualified spouses of members of the Armed Forces in the same geographical area as the permanent duty station of the members; and

“(2) providing preference in hiring for positions in nonappropriated fund activities to qualified spouses of members of the Armed Forces stationed in the same geographical area as the nonappropriated fund activity for positions in wage grade UA–8 and below and equivalent positions and for positions paid at hourly rates.

“(b) Regulations.—The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations—

“(1) to implement such measures as the President orders under subsection (a);

“(2) to provide preference to qualified spouses of members of the Armed Forces in hiring for any civilian position in the Department of Defense if the spouse is among persons determined to be best qualified for the position and if the position is located in the same geographical area as the permanent duty station of the member;

“(3) to ensure that notice of any vacant position in the Department of Defense is provided in a manner reasonably designed to reach spouses of members of the Armed Forces whose permanent duty stations are in the same geographic area as the area in which the position is located; and

“(4) to ensure that the spouse of a member of the Armed Forces who applies for a vacant position in the Department of Defense shall, to the extent practicable, be considered for any such position located in the same geographic area as the permanent duty station of the member.

“(c) Status of Preference Eligibles.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to provide a spouse of a member of the Armed Forces with preference in hiring over an individual who is a preference eligible.

“SEC. 807. YOUTH SPONSORSHIP PROGRAM

“The Secretary of Defense shall direct that there be established at each military installation a youth sponsorship program to facilitate the integration of dependent children of members of the Armed Forces into new surroundings when moving to that military installation as a result of a parent's permanent change of station. Such a program shall, to the extent feasible, provide for involvement of dependent children of members presently stationed at the military installation.

“SEC. 808. DEPENDENT STUDENT TRAVEL WITHIN THE UNITED STATES

“Funds available to the Department of Defense for the travel and transportation of dependent students of members of the Armed Forces stationed overseas may be obligated for transportation allowances for travel within or between the contiguous States.

“SEC. 809. RELOCATION AND HOUSING

“(a) Relocation Assistance.—The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the desirability and feasibility of providing relocation assistance to members of the uniformed services and their families through contracts entered into by the Department of Defense with firms which provide such assistance to individuals. Such report shall be submitted not later than March 1, 1986.

“(b) Amortization Period for Parking Facilities for House Trailers and Mobile Homes.—Section 403(k) of title 37, United States Code, is amended by striking out ‘15-year period’ and inserting in lieu thereof ‘25-year period’.

“(c) Cost of Unaccompanied Personnel Housing for Members of Uniformed Service.—Section 5911 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

“ ‘(h) A member of the uniformed service on a permanent change of duty station or temporary duty orders and occupying unaccompanied personnel housing—

“ ‘(1) is exempt from the requirement of subsection (c) to pay a rental rate or charge based on the reasonable value of the quarters and facilities provided; and

“ ‘(2) shall pay such lesser rate or charge as the Secretary of Defense establishes by regulation.’.

“SEC. 810. FOOD PROGRAMS

“(a) Food Costs for Certain Enlisted Members.—Section 1011 of title 37, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

“ ‘(c) Spouses and dependent children of enlisted members in pay grades E–1, E–2, E–3, and E–4 may not be charged for meals sold at messes in excess of a level sufficient to cover food costs.’.

“(b) Report on Issuance of Food Stamps Coupons to Overseas Households of Members Stationed Outside the United States.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the feasibility of having the Department issue food stamp coupons to overseas households of members stationed outside the United States.

“(2) The report shall include—

“(A) an estimate of the cost of providing the coupons; and

“(B) legislative and administrative recommendations for providing for the issuance of the coupons.

“(3) The report shall be submitted not later than December 31, 1985.

“SEC. 811. REPORTING OF CHILD ABUSE

“(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall request each State to provide for the reporting to the Secretary of any report the State receives of known or suspected instances of child abuse and neglect in which the person having care of the child is a member of the Armed Forces (or the spouse of the member).

“(b) Definition.—For purposes of this section the term ‘child abuse and neglect’ shall have the same meaning as provided in section 3(1) of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (42 U.S.C. 5102).

“SEC. 812. MISCELLANEOUS REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

“(a) Housing Availability.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the availability and affordability of off-base housing for members of the Armed Forces and their families.

“(2) The report shall—

“(A) examine the availability of affordable housing for each pay grade and for all geographic areas within the United States and for appropriate overseas locations; and

“(B) examine the relocation assistance provided by the Department of Defense incident to a permanent change of station by a member of the Armed Forces in locating housing at the member's new duty station and in disposing of housing at the member's old duty station.

“(3) The report shall be submitted within one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1985].

“(b) Need for Assistance to Dependents Entering New Secondary Schools.—The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report recommending administrative and legislative action to assist families of members of the Armed Forces making a permanent change of station so that a dependent child who transfers between secondary schools with different graduation requirements is not subjected to unnecessary disruptions in education or inequitable, unduly burdensome, or duplicative education requirements. Such report shall be submitted within one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1985].

“SEC. 813. EFFECTIVE DATE

“This title shall take effect on October 1, 1985.”

Academic Institutions Eligible To Provide Educational Services; Prohibition of Certain Restrictions

Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1212, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 726, as amended by Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title V, §518, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1443, provided that:

“(a) No solicitation, contract, or agreement for the provision of off-duty postsecondary education services for members of the Armed Forces of the United States, civilian employees of the Department of Defense, or the dependents of such members or employees may discriminate against or preclude any accredited academic institution authorized to award one or more associate degrees from offering courses within its lawful scope of authority solely on the basis of such institution's lack of authority to award a baccalaureate degree.

“(b) No solicitation, contract, or agreement for the provision of off-duty postsecondary education services for members of the Armed Forces of the United States, civilian employees of the Department of Defense, or the dependents of such members or employees, other than those for services at the graduate or postgraduate level, may limit the offering of such services or any group, category, or level of courses to a single academic institution. However, nothing in this section shall prohibit such actions taken in accordance with regulations of the Secretary of Defense which are uniform for all armed services as may be necessary to avoid unnecessary duplication of offerings, consistent with the purpose of this provision of ensuring the availability of alternative offerors of such services to the maximum extent feasible.

“(c)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a study to determine the current and future needs of members of the Armed Forces, civilian employees of the Department of Defense, and the dependents of such members and employees for postsecondary education services at overseas locations. The Secretary shall determine on the basis of the results of that study whether the policies and procedures of the Department in effect on the date of the enactment of the Department of Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 [probably means date of enactment of Pub. L. 101–189, Nov. 29, 1989] with respect to the procurement of such services are—

“(A) consistent with the provisions of subsections (a) and (b);

“(B) adequate to ensure the recipients of such services the benefit of a choice in the offering of such services; and

“(C) adequate to ensure that persons stationed at geographically isolated military installations or at installations with small complements of military personnel are adequately served.

The Secretary shall complete the study in such time as necessary to enable the Secretary to submit the report required by paragraph (2)(A) by the deadline specified in that paragraph.

“(2)(A) The Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on the results of the study referred to in paragraph (1), together with a copy of any revisions in policies and procedures made as a result of such study. The report shall be submitted not later than March 1, 1990.

“(B) The Secretary shall include in the report an explanation of how determinations are made with regard to—

“(i) affording members, employees, and dependents a choice in the offering of courses of postsecondary education; and

“(ii) whether the services provided under a contract for such services should be limited to an installation, theater, or other geographic area.

“(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), no contract for the provision of services referred to in subsection (a) may be awarded, and no contract or agreement entered into before the date of the enactment of this paragraph [Nov. 29, 1989] may be renewed or extended on or after such date, until the end of the 60-day period beginning on the date on which the report referred to in paragraph (2)(A) is received by the committees named in that paragraph.

“(B) A contract or an agreement in effect on October 1, 1989, for the provision of postsecondary education services in the European Theater for members of the Armed Forces, civilian employees of the Department of Defense, and the dependents of such members and employees may be renewed or extended without regard to the limitation in subparagraph (A).

“(C) In the case of a contract for services with respect to which a solicitation is pending on the date of the enactment of this paragraph [Nov. 29, 1989], the contract may be awarded—

“(i) on the basis of the solicitation as issued before the date of the enactment of this paragraph;

“(ii) on the basis of the solicitation issued before the date of the enactment of this paragraph modified so as to conform to any changes in policies and procedures the Secretary determines should be made as a result of the study required under paragraph (1); or

“(iii) on the basis of a new solicitation.

“(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require more than one academic institution to be authorized to offer courses aboard a particular naval vessel.”

Report of Unobligated Balances

Pub. L. 99–145, title XIV, §1407, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 745, required reports on unobligated balances, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1307(b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3981. See section 2215 of this title.

Defense Industrial Base for Textile and Apparel Products

Pub. L. 99–145, title XIV, §1456, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 762, which directed Secretary of Defense to monitor capability of domestic textile and apparel industrial base to support defense mobilization requirements and to make annual reports to Congress on status of such industrial base, was repealed and restated in section 2510 of this title by Pub. L. 101–510, §826(a)(1), (b).

Hotline Between United States and Soviet Union

Pub. L. 99–85, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 286, as amended by Pub. L. 103–199, title IV, §404(a), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2325, provided: “That the Secretary of Defense may provide to Russia, as provided in the Exchange of Notes Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Direct Communications Link Upgrade, concluded on July 17, 1984, such equipment and services as may be necessary to upgrade or maintain the Russian part of the Direct Communications Link agreed to in the Memorandum of Understanding between the United States and the Soviet Union signed June 20, 1963. The Secretary shall provide such equipment and services to Russia at the cost thereof to the United States.

“Sec. 2. (a) The Secretary of Defense may use any funds available to the Department of Defense for the procurement of the equipment and providing the services referred to in the first section.

“(b) Funds received from Russia as payment for such equipment and services shall be credited to the appropriate account of Department of Defense.”

[Pub. L. 103–199, title IV, §404(b), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2325, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a)(2) [amending section 2(b) of Pub. L. 99–85, set out above] does not affect the applicability of section 2(b) of that joint resolution to funds received from the Soviet Union.”]

Consolidation of Functions of Military Transportation Commands Prohibited

Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1110, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 747, provided that none of funds appropriated pursuant to an authorization of appropriations could be used for purpose of consolidating any functions being performed on Sept. 8, 1982, by Military Traffic Management Command of Army, Military Sealift Command of Navy, or Military Airlift Command of Air Force with any function being performed on such date by either or both of the other commands, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–433, title II, §213(a), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1018.

Reports to Congress on Recommendations With Respect to Elimination of Waste, Fraud, Abuse, and Mismanagement in Department of Defense

Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §918, Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1132, directed Secretary of Defense, not later than Jan. 15, 1982 and 1983, to submit to Congress reports containing recommendations to improve efficiency and management of, and to eliminate waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement in, operation of Department of Defense, and to include each recommendation by Comptroller General since Jan. 1, 1979, for elimination of waste, fraud, abuse, or mismanagement in Department of Defense with a statement as to which have been adopted and, to extent practicable actual and projected cost savings from each, and which have not been adopted and, to extent practicable, projected cost savings from each and an explanation of why each such recommendation was not adopted.

Military Installations To Be Closed in United States, Guam, or Puerto Rico; Studies To Determine Potential Use

Pub. L. 94–431, title VI, §610, Sept. 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 1365, authorized Secretary of Defense to conduct studies with regard to possible use of military installations being closed and to make recommendations with regard to such installations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §912(b), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1123. See section 2391 of this title.

Reports to Congressional Committees on Foreign Policy and Military Force Structure

Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, §812, Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 540, which directed Secretary of Defense, after consultation with Secretary of State, to prepare and submit not later than January 31 of each year to Committees on Armed Services of Senate and House of Representatives a written annual report on foreign policy and military force structure of United States for next fiscal year, how such policy and force structure relate to each other, and justification for each, was repealed and restated as subsec. (e) of section 133 [now §113] of this title by Pub. L. 97–295, §§1(1), 6(b).

Report to Congress on Sale or Transfer of Defense Articles

Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, §813, Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 540, as amended by Pub. L. 95–79, title VIII, §814, July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 337; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1104, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 739, which directed Secretary of Defense to report to Congress on any letter proposing to transfer ,000,000 or more of defense articles, detailing impact of such a sale on readiness, adequacy of price for replacement, and armed forces needs and supply for each article, was repealed and restated as section 133b [now §118] of this title by Pub. L. 97–295, §§1(2)(A), 6(b).

Procurement of Aircraft, Missiles, Naval Vessels, Tracked Combat Vehicles, and Other Weapons; Authorization of Appropriations for Procurement, Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation Activities; Selected Reserve of Reserve Components: Annual Authorization of Personnel Strength

Section 412 of Pub. L. 86–149, title IV, Aug. 10, 1959, 73 Stat. 322, as amended by Pub. L. 87–436, §2, Apr. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 88–174, title VI, §610, Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 89–37, title III, §304, June 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 128; Pub. L. 90–168, §6, Dec. 1, 1967, 81 Stat. 526; Pub. L. 91–121, title IV, §405, Nov. 19, 1969, 83 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 91–441, title V, §§505, 509, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 912, 913; Pub. L. 92–129, title VII, §701, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 362; Pub. L. 92–436, title III, §302, title VI, §604, Sept. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 736, 739, was repealed by Pub. L. 93–155, title VIII, §803(b)(1), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 615. See sections 114 to 116 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12568. Employment Opportunities for Military Spouses at Nonappropriated Fund Activities

Ex. Ord. No. 12568, Oct. 2, 1986, 51 F.R. 35497, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is ordered that the Secretary of Defense and, as designated by him for this purpose, any of the Secretaries, Under Secretaries, and Assistant Secretaries of the Military Departments, are hereby empowered to exercise the discretionary authority granted to the President by subsection 806(a)(2) of the Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986, Public Law No. 99–145 [set out above], to give preference in hiring for positions in nonappropriated fund activities to qualified spouses of members of the Armed Forces stationed in the same geographical area as the nonappropriated fund activity for positions in wage grade UA–8 and below and equivalent positions and for positions paid at hourly rates.

Ronald Reagan.

Ex. Ord. No. 12765. Delegation of Certain Defense Related Authorities of President to Secretary of Defense

Ex. Ord. No. 12765, June 11, 1991, 56 F.R. 27401, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and my authority as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. The Secretary of Defense is hereby designated and empowered, without the approval, ratification, or other action by the President, to exercise the authority vested in the President by section 749 of title 10 of the United States Code to assign the command without regard to rank in grade to any commissioned officer otherwise eligible to command when two or more commissioned officers of the same grade or corresponding grades are assigned to the same area, field command, or organization.

Sec. 2. The Secretary of Defense is hereby designated and empowered, without the approval, ratification, or other action by the President, to exercise the authority vested in the President by section 7299a(a) of title 10 of the United States Code to direct that combatant vessels and escort vessels be constructed in a Navy or private yard, as the case may be, if the requirement of the Act of March 27, 1934 (ch. 95, 48 Stat. 503) that the first and each succeeding alternate vessel of the same class be constructed in a Navy yard is inconsistent with the public interest.

Sec. 3. For vessels, and for any major component of the hull or superstructure of vessels to be constructed or repaired for any of the armed forces, the Secretary of Defense is hereby designated and empowered, without the approval, ratification, or other action by the President, to exercise the authority vested in the President by section 7309(b) of title 10 of the United States Code to authorize exceptions to the prohibition in section 7309(a) of title 10 of the United States Code. Such exceptions shall be based on a determination that it is in the national security interest of the United States to authorize an exception. The Secretary of Defense shall transmit notice of any such determination to the Congress, as required by section 7309(b).

Sec. 4. The Secretary of Defense may redelegate the authority delegated to him by this order, in accordance with applicable law.

Sec. 5. This order shall be effective immediately.

George Bush.

Waiver of Limitation With Respect to End Strength Level of U.S. Armed Forces in Japan for Fiscal Year 1991

Memorandum of the President of the United States, May 14, 1991, 56 F.R. 23991, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense

Consistent with section 8105(d)(2) of the Department of Defense Appropriation Act, 1991 (Public Law 101–511; 104 Stat. 1856) [set out above], I hereby waive the limitation in section 8105(b) which states that the end strength level for each fiscal year of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States stationed in Japan may not exceed the number that is 5,000 less than such end strength level for the preceding fiscal year, and declare that it is in the national interest to do so.

You are authorized and directed to inform the Congress of this waiver and of the reasons for the waiver contained in the attached justification, and to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

George Bush.

Justification Pursuant to Section 8105(d)(2) of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law No. 101–511; 104 Stat. 1856)

In January of this year the Department of Defense signed a new Host Nation Support Agreement with the Government of Japan in which that government agreed to pay all utility and Japanese labor costs incrementally over the next five years (worth .7 billion). Because United States forward deployed forces stationed in Japan have regional missions in addition to the defense of Japan, we did not seek to have the Government of Japan offset all of the direct costs incurred by the United States related to the presence of all United States military personnel in Japan (excluding military personnel title costs).

Cross References

Annual rate of compensation of Secretary, see section 5312 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

National Security Agency employment, delegation of authority for terminating, notwithstanding subsec. (d) of this section, see section 833 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Reports to Congressional committees, policies and procedures on recall to active duty of Ready Reserve members, see section 12302 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 667, 1762, 2220, 2501, 2506, 10504 of this title; title 22 section 2595a; title 50 sections 833, 1523; title 50 App. sections 2077, 2152.

1 See References in Text note below.

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