2020 Oklahoma Statutes
Title 18. Corporations
§18-1055.1. Ratification of defective corporate acts and stock.

RATIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE CORPORATE ACTS AND STOCK

A. Subject to subsection F of this section, no defective corporate act or putative stock shall be void or voidable solely as a result of a failure of authorization if ratified as provided in this section or validated by the District Court in a proceeding brought under Section 10 of this act.

B. 1. In order to ratify one or more defective corporate acts pursuant to this section, other than the ratification of an election of the initial board of directors pursuant to paragraph 2 of this subsection, the board of directors of the corporation shall adopt resolutions stating:

• a.the defective corporate act or acts to be ratified,
• b.the date of each defective corporate act or acts,
• c.if such defective corporate act or acts involved the issuance of shares of putative stock, the number and type of shares of putative stock issued and the date or dates upon which such putative shares were purported to have been issued,
• d.the nature of the failure of authorization in respect of each defective corporate act to be ratified, and
• e.that the board of directors approves the ratification of the defective corporate act or acts.

The resolutions may also provide that, at any time before the validation effective time for the defective act or acts, notwithstanding approval of the ratification by shareholders, the board of directors may abandon the ratification without further action of the shareholders. The quorum and voting requirements applicable to the ratification by the board of directors shall be the quorum and voting requirements applicable at the time to the type of defective corporate act proposed to be ratified when the board adopts the resolutions ratifying the defective corporate act; provided, that if the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation, any plan or agreement to which the corporation was a party or any provision of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, in each case as in effect as of the time of the defective corporate act, would have required a larger number or portion of directors or of specified directors for a quorum to be present or to approve the defective corporate act, such larger number or portion of such directors or such specified directors shall be required for a quorum to be present or to adopt the ratifying resolutions, as applicable, except that the presence or approval of any director elected, appointed or nominated by holders of any class or series of which no shares are then outstanding, or by any person that is no longer a shareholder, shall not be required.

2. To ratify a defective corporate act in respect of the election of the initial board of directors of the corporation, a majority of the persons who, at the time the resolutions required by this paragraph are adopted, are exercising the powers of directors under claim and color of an election or appointment as such may adopt resolutions stating:

• a.the name of the person or persons who first took action in the name of the corporation as the initial board of directors of the corporation,
• b.the earlier of the date on which such persons first took such action or were purported to have been elected as the initial board of directors, and
• c.that the ratification of the election of such person or persons as the initial board of directors is approved.

C. Each defective corporate act ratified pursuant to paragraph 1 of subsection B of this section shall be submitted to shareholders for approval as provided in subsection D of this section, unless (1) no other provision of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, and no provision of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation, or of any plan or agreement to which the corporation is a party, would have required shareholder approval of the defective corporate act to be ratified, either at the time of the defective corporate act or at the time the board of directors adopts the resolutions ratifying the defective corporate act pursuant to paragraph 1 of subsection B of this section, and (2) the defective corporate act did not result from a failure to comply with Section 1090.3 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes.

D. If ratification of a defective corporate act is required to be submitted to shareholders for approval pursuant to subsection C of this section, due notice of the time, place, if any, and purpose of the meeting shall be given at least twenty (20) days before the date of the meeting to each holder of valid stock and putative stock, whether voting or nonvoting, at the address of such holder as it appears or most recently appeared, as appropriate, on the records of the corporation. The notice shall also be given to the holders of record of valid stock and putative stock, whether voting or nonvoting, as of the time of the defective corporate act, other than holders whose identities or addresses cannot be determined from the records of the corporation. The notice shall contain a copy of the resolutions adopted by the board of directors pursuant to paragraph 1 of subsection B of this section or the information required by paragraphs a through e of paragraph 1 of subsection B of this section and a statement that any claim that the defective corporate act or putative stock ratified hereunder is void or voidable due to the failure of authorization, or that the District Court should declare in its discretion that a ratification in accordance with this section not be effective or be effective only on certain conditions must be brought within one hundred twenty (120) days from the validation effective time. At such meeting the quorum and voting requirements applicable to the ratification of such defective corporate act shall be the quorum and voting requirements applicable to the type of defective corporate act proposed to be ratified at the time of the approval of the ratification, except that:

1. If the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation, any plan or agreement to which the corporation was a party or any provision of this title in effect as of the time of the defective corporate act would have required a larger number or portion of stock or of any class or series thereof or of specified shareholders for a quorum to be present or to approve the defective corporate act, the presence or approval of such larger number or portion of stock or of such class or series thereof or of such specified shareholders shall be required for a quorum to be present or to approve the ratification of the defective corporate act, as applicable, except that the presence or approval of shares of any class or series of which no shares are then outstanding, or of any person that is no longer a shareholder, shall not be required;

2. The approval by shareholders of the ratification of the election of a director shall require the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of such director, except that if the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation then in effect or in effect at the time of the defective election require or required a larger number or portion of stock or of any class or series thereof or of specified shareholders to elect such director, the affirmative vote of such larger number or portion of stock or of any class or series thereof or of specified shareholders shall be required to ratify the election of such director, except that the presence or approval of shares of any class or series of which no shares are then outstanding, or of any person that is no longer a shareholder, shall not be required; and

3. In the event of a failure of authorization resulting from failure to comply with the provisions of Section 1090.3 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, the ratification of the defective corporate act shall require the vote set forth in paragraph 3 of subsection A of Section 1090.3 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, regardless of whether such vote would have otherwise been required.

Shares of putative stock on the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote on any matter submitted to shareholders pursuant to subsection C of this section, and without giving effect to any ratification that becomes effective after such record date, shall neither be entitled to vote nor counted for quorum purposes in any vote to ratify any defective corporate act.

E. If a defective corporate act ratified pursuant to this section would have required under any other section of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes the filing of a certificate in accordance with Section 1007 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, then, whether or not a certificate was previously filed in respect of such defective corporate act and in lieu of filing the certificate otherwise required by Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, the corporation shall file a certificate of validation with respect to such defective corporate act in accordance with Section 1007 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes. A separate certificate of validation shall be required for each defective corporate act requiring the filing of a certificate of validation under this section, except that (i) two or more defective corporate acts may be included in a single certificate of validation if the corporation filed, or to comply with Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes would have filed, a single certificate under another provision of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes to effect such acts, and (ii) two or more overissues of shares of any class, classes or series of stock may be included in a single certificate of validation, provided that the increase in the number of authorized shares of each such class or series set forth in the certificate of validation shall be effective as of the date of the first such overissue. The certificate of validation shall set forth:

1. Each defective corporate act that is the subject of the certificate of validation, including, in the case of any defective corporate act involving the issuance of shares of putative stock, the number and type of shares of putative stock issued and the date or dates upon which such putative shares were purported to have been issued, the date of such defective corporate act, and the nature of the failure of authorization in respect of such defective corporate act;

2. A statement that such defective corporate act was ratified in accordance with this section, including the date on which the board of directors ratified such defective corporate act and the date, if any, on which the shareholders approved the ratification of such defective corporate act; and

3. The information required by one of the following paragraphs:

• a.if a certificate was previously filed under Section 1007 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes in respect of such defective corporate act and no changes to such certificate are required to give effect to such defective corporate act in accordance with this section, the certificate of validation shall set forth (1) the name, title and filing date of the certificate previously filed and of any certificate of correction thereto and (2) a statement that a copy of the certificate previously filed, together with any certificate of correction thereto, is attached as an exhibit to the certificate of validation,
• b.if a certificate was previously filed under Section 1007 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes in respect of the defective corporate act and such certificate requires any change to give effect to the defective corporate act in accordance with this section, including a change to the date and time of the effectiveness of such certificate, the certificate of validation shall set forth (1) the name, title and filing date of the certificate so previously filed and of any certificate of correction thereto, (2) a statement that a certificate containing all of the information required to be included under the applicable section or sections of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes to give effect to the defective corporate act is attached as an exhibit to the certificate of validation, and (3) the date and time that such certificate shall be deemed to have become effective pursuant to this section, or
• c.if a certificate was not previously filed under Section 1007 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes in respect of the defective corporate act and the defective corporate act ratified pursuant to this section would have required under any other section of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes the filing of a certificate in accordance with Section 1007 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, the certificate of validation shall set forth (1) a statement that a certificate containing all of the information required to be included under the applicable section or sections of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes to give effect to the defective corporate act is attached as an exhibit to the certificate of validation, and (2) the date and time that such certificate shall be deemed to have become effective pursuant to this section.

A certificate attached to a certificate of validation pursuant to subparagraph b or c of paragraph 3 of this subsection need not be separately executed and acknowledged and need not include any statement required by any other section of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes that such instrument has been approved and adopted in accordance with the provisions of such other section.

F. From and after the validation effective time, unless otherwise determined in an action brought pursuant to Section 10 of this act:

1. Subject to the last sentence of subsection D of this section, each defective corporate act ratified in accordance with this section shall no longer be deemed void or voidable as a result of the failure of authorization described in the adopted resolutions and such effect shall be retroactive to the time of the defective corporate act; and

2. Subject to the last sentence of subsection D of this section, each share or fraction of a share of putative stock issued or purportedly issued pursuant to any such defective corporate act shall no longer be deemed void or voidable and shall be deemed to be an identical share or fraction of a share of outstanding stock as of the time it was purportedly issued.

G. In respect of each defective corporate act ratified by the board of directors pursuant to subsection B of this section, prompt notice of the ratification shall be given to all holders of valid stock and putative stock, whether voting or nonvoting, as of the date the board of directors adopts the resolutions approving such defective corporate act, or as of a date within sixty (60) days after the date of adoption, as established by the board of directors, at the address of such holder as it appears or most recently appeared, as appropriate, on the records of the corporation. The notice shall also be given to the holders of record of valid stock and putative stock, whether voting or nonvoting, as of the time of the defective corporate act, other than holders whose identities or addresses cannot be determined from the records of the corporation. The notice shall contain a copy of the resolutions adopted pursuant to subsection B of this section or the information specified in subparagraphs a through e of paragraph 1 of subsection B of this section or subparagraphs a through c of paragraph 2 of subsection B of this section, as applicable, and a statement that any claim that the defective corporate act or putative stock ratified hereunder is void or voidable due to the failure of authorization, or that the district court should declare in its discretion that a ratification in accordance with this section not be effective or be effective only on certain conditions must be brought within one hundred twenty (120) days from the later of the validation effective time or the time at which the notice required by this subsection is given. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such notice shall be required if notice of the ratification of the defective corporate act is to be given in accordance with subsection D of this section, and in the case of a corporation that has a class of stock listed on a national securities exchange, the notice required by this subsection may be deemed given if disclosed in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or the corresponding provisions of any subsequent United States federal securities laws, rules or regulations. If any defective corporate act has been approved by shareholders acting pursuant to Section 1073 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, the notice required by this subsection may be included in any notice required to be given pursuant to subsection F of Section 1073 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes and, if so given, shall be sent to the shareholders entitled to notice under subsection F of Section 1073 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes and to all holders of valid and putative stock to whom notice would be required under this subsection if the defective corporate act had been approved at a meeting other than any shareholder who approved the action by consent in lieu of a meeting pursuant to Section 1073 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes or any holder of putative stock who otherwise consented thereto in writing. Solely for purposes of subsection D of this section and this subsection, notice to holders of putative stock, and notice to holders of valid stock and putative stock as of the time of the defective corporate act, shall be treated as notice to holders of valid stock for purposes of Sections 1067, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1075.2 and 1075.3 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes.

H. As used in this section and in Section 10 of this act only, the term:

1. "Defective corporate act" means an overissue, an election or appointment of directors that is void or voidable due to a failure of authorization, or any act or transaction purportedly taken by or on behalf of the corporation that is, and at the time such act or transaction was purportedly taken would have been, within the power of a corporation under subchapter II of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, but is void or voidable due to a failure of authorization;

2. "Failure of authorization" means (a) the failure to authorize or effect an act or transaction in compliance with the provisions of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes, the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation, or any plan or agreement to which the corporation is a party, if and to the extent such failure would render such act or transaction void or voidable, or (b) the failure of the board of directors or any officer of the corporation to authorize or approve any act or transaction taken by or on behalf of the corporation that would have required for its due authorization the approval of the board of directors or such officer;

3. "Overissue" means the purported issuance of (a) shares of capital stock of a class or series in excess of the number of shares of such class or series the corporation has the power to issue under Section 1042 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes at the time of such issuance, or (b) shares of any class or series of capital stock that is not then authorized for issuance by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation;

4. "Putative stock" means the shares of any class or series of capital stock of the corporation, including shares issued upon exercise of options, rights, warrants or other securities convertible into shares of capital stock of the corporation, or interests with respect thereto that were created or issued pursuant to a defective corporate act, that: (a) but for any failure of authorization, would constitute valid stock, or (b) cannot be determined by the board of directors to be valid stock;

5. "Time of the defective corporate act" means the date and time the defective corporate act was purported to have been taken;

6. "Valid stock" means the shares of any class or series of capital stock of the corporation that have been duly authorized and validly issued in accordance with Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes; and

7. "Validation effective time" with respect to any defective corporate act ratified pursuant to this section means the latest of (a) the time at which the defective act submitted to the shareholders for approval pursuant to subsection C of this section is approved by such shareholders, or if no such vote of shareholders is required to approve the ratification, the time at which the board of directors adopts the resolutions required by paragraphs 1 or 2 of subsection B of this section, (b) where no certificate of validation is required to be filed pursuant to subsection E of this section, the time, if any, specified by the board of directors in the resolutions adopted pursuant to paragraphs 1 or 2 of subsection B of this section, which time shall not precede the time at which such resolutions are adopted; and (c) the time at which any certificate of validation filed pursuant to subsection E of this section shall become effective in accordance with Section 1007 of Title 18 of the Oklahoma Statutes.

In the absence of actual fraud in the transaction, the judgment of the board of directors that shares of stock are valid stock or putative stock shall be conclusive, unless otherwise determined by the District Court in a proceeding brought pursuant to Section 10 of this act.

I. Ratification under this section or validation under Section 10 of this act shall not be deemed to be the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any act or transaction taken by or on behalf of the corporation, including any defective corporate act, or any issuance of stock, including any putative stock, or of adopting or endorsing any act or transaction taken by or in the name of the corporation prior to the commencement of its existence, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with either this section or validation under Section 10 of this act shall not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any act or transaction or the issuance of any stock properly ratified under common law or otherwise, nor shall it create a presumption that any such act or transaction is or was a defective corporate act or that such stock is void or voidable.

Added by Laws 2017, c. 323, § 9, eff. Nov. 1, 2017.