There Is a Newer Version of the North Carolina General Statutes

2005 North Carolina Code - General Statutes Article 16 - Optional Programs.

Article 16.

Optional Programs.

Part 1. Educational Research.

§ 115C‑230.� Special projects.

Local boards of education are authorized to sponsor or conduct educational research and special projects pursuant to the provisions of G.S. 115C‑47(8). (1981, c. 423, s. 1.)

Part 2.� Adult Education.

§ 115C‑231.� Adult education programs; tuition; limitation of enrollment of pupils over 21.

(a)�� When in the judgment of the State Board of Education a� program of adult education should be established as a part of the public school system and when appropriations have been made therefor,� there shall be organized and administered under the general supervision of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, a course in adult education: Provided, that local boards of education, in their discretion, may institute and support such programs from local funds upon the approval of the State Board of Education.

(b)�� Tuition shall be free of charge to every person of the State 18 years of age, or over, who has not completed a standard high school course of study.

(c)�� Unless otherwise assigned by the local board of education, all� persons of the district or attendance area who have not completed the prescribed course for graduation in the high school are entitled to attend the schools in the district or attendance area in which they reside: Provided, the superintendent, or the principal with the approval of the superintendent, of the local school administrative unit may, in his discretion, prohibit the enrollment of or remove from school any pupil who has attained the age of 21 years. (1955, c. 1372, art. 1, s. 1; art. 19, s. 3; art. 23, s. 2; 1963, c. 448, s. 24; 1971, c. 153; c. 704, s. 1; c. 1231, s. 1; 1981, c. 423, s. 1.)

Part 3.� Summer Schools.

§ 115C‑232.� Local financing of summer schools.

Supplementary funds authorized in special tax elections for school purposes may be used to establish and maintain summer schools, as provided in G.S. 115C‑501(a). (1981, c. 423, s. 1.)

§ 115C‑233.� Operation of summer schools.

Each local school administrative unit may establish and maintain summer schools. Such summer schools as may be established shall be administered by local boards of education and shall be conducted in accordance with standards developed by the State Board of Education. The standards so developed shall specify the requirements for approved curriculum, the qualifications of the personnel, the length of the session, and the conditions under which students may be� granted credit for courses pursued during a summer school. In determining the eligibility of students for admission to summer schools, boards of education shall be governed by the provisions of G.S. 115C‑116, 115C‑366(b) and 115C‑367 to 115C‑370. Boards of education of local school administrative units may provide for summer schools from funds made available for that purpose by the State Board of Education, funds appropriated to the local school administrative unit by the tax‑levying authority, and from any other revenues available for the purpose. (1975, c. 437, s. 11; 1981, c. 423, s. 1.)

§§ 115C‑234 through 115C‑238.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

Part 4.� Performance‑based Accountability Program.

§§ 115C‑238.1 through 115C‑238.4:� Recodified as §§ 115C‑105.20 through 115C‑105.35.

§ 115C‑238.5:� Repealed by Session Laws 1995, c. 450, s. 14.

§§ 115C‑238.6 through 115C‑238.8:� Recodified as §§ 115C‑105.29 through 115C‑105.32.

§ 115C‑238.9.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 115C‑238.10.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 115C‑238.11.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

Part 5.� Outcome‑Based Education Program.

§§ 115C‑238.12 through 115C‑238.19:� Repealed by Session Laws 1995, c.� 324, s. 17.2.

§ 115C‑238.20.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 115C‑238.21.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

Part 6.� Project Genesis Program.

§§ 115C‑238.22 through 115C‑238.25:� Repealed by Session Laws 1997‑18, s.� 8.

§§ 115C‑238.26 through 115C‑238.29.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

Part 6A. Charter Schools.

§ 115C‑238.29A.� Purpose.

The purpose of this Part is to authorize a system of charter schools to provide opportunities for teachers, parents, pupils, and community members to establish and maintain schools that operate independently of existing schools, as a method to accomplish all of the following:

(1)�� Improve student learning;

(2)�� Increase learning opportunities for all students, with special emphasis on expanded learning experiences for students who are identified as at risk of academic failure or academically gifted;

(3)�� Encourage the use of different and innovative teaching methods;

(4)�� Create new professional opportunities for teachers, including the opportunities to be responsible for the learning program at the school site;

(5)�� Provide parents and students with expanded choices in the types of educational opportunities that are available within the public school system; and

(6)�� Hold the schools established under this Part accountable for meeting measurable student achievement results, and provide the schools with a method to change from rule‑based to performance‑based accountability systems. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2.)

§ 115C‑238.29B.� Eligible applicants; contents of applications; submission of applications for approval.

(a)�� Any person, group of persons, or nonprofit corporation seeking to establish a charter school may apply to establish a charter school. If the applicant seeks to convert a public school to a charter school, the application shall include a statement signed by a majority of the teachers and instructional support personnel currently employed at the school indicating that they favor the conversion and evidence that a significant number of parents of children enrolled in the school favor conversion.

(b)�� The application shall contain at least the following information:

(1)�� A description of a program that implements one or more of the purposes in G.S. 115C‑238.29A.

(2)�� A description of student achievement goals for the school's educational program and the method of demonstrating that students have attained the skills and knowledge specified for those student achievement goals.

(3)�� The governance structure of the school including the names of the proposed initial members of the board of directors of the nonprofit, tax‑exempt corporation and the process to be followed by the school to ensure parental involvement.

(3a)�� The local school administrative unit in which the school will be located.

(4)�� Admission policies and procedures.

(5)�� A proposed budget for the school and evidence that the financial plan for the school is economically sound.

(6)�� Requirements and procedures for program and financial audits.

(7)�� A description of how the school will comply with G.S. 115C‑238.29F.

(8)�� Types and amounts of insurance coverage, including bonding insurance for the principal officers of the school, to be obtained by the charter school.

(9)�� The term of the charter.

(10)�� The qualifications required for individuals employed by the school.

(11)�� The procedures by which students can be excluded from the charter school and returned to a public school. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, any local board may refuse to admit any student who is suspended or expelled from a charter school due to actions that would lead to suspension or expulsion from a public school under G.S. 115C‑391 until the period of suspension or expulsion has expired.

(12)�� The number of students to be served, which number shall be at least 65, and the minimum number of teachers to be employed at the school, which number shall be at least three. However, the charter school may serve fewer than 65 students or employ fewer than three teachers if the application contains a compelling reason, such as the school would serve a geographically remote and small student population.

(13)�� Information regarding the facilities to be used by the school and the manner in which administrative services of the school are to be provided.

(14)�� Repealed by Session Laws 1997‑430, s. 1.

(c)�� An applicant shall submit the application to a chartering entity for preliminary approval. A chartering entity may be:

(1)�� The local board of education of the local school administrative unit in which the charter school will be located;

(2)�� The board of trustees of a constituent institution of The University of North Carolina, so long as the constituent institution is involved in the planning, operation, or evaluation of the charter school; or

(3)�� The State Board of Education.

Regardless of which chartering entity receives the application for preliminary approval, the State Board of Education shall have final approval of the charter school.

Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, if the State Board of Education finds that an applicant (i) submitted an application to a local board of education and received final approval from the State Board of Education, but (ii) is unable to find a suitable location within that local school administrative unit to operate, the State Board of Education may authorize the charter school to operate within an adjacent local school administrative unit for one year only. The charter school cannot operate for more than one year unless it reapplies, in accordance with subdivision (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection, and receives final approval from the State Board of Education.

(d)�� Unless an applicant submits its application under subsection (c) of this section to the local board of education of the local school administrative unit in which the charter school will be located, the applicant shall submit a copy of its application to that local board within seven days of its submission under subsection (c) of this section. The local board may offer any information or comment concerning the application it considers appropriate to the chartering entity. The local board shall deliver this information to the chartering entity no later than January 1 of the next calendar year. The applicant shall not be required to obtain or deliver this information to the chartering entity on behalf of the local board. The State Board shall consider any information or comment it receives from a local board and shall consider the impact on the local school administrative unit's ability to provide a sound basic education to its students when determining whether to grant preliminary and final approval of the charter school. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑430, s. 1.)

§ 115C‑238.29C.� Preliminary approval of applications for charter schools.

(a)�� The chartering entity that receives a request for preliminary approval of a charter school shall act on each request received prior to November 1 of a calendar year by February 1 of the next calendar year.

(b)�� The chartering entity shall give preliminary approval to the application if the chartering entity determines that (i) information contained in the application meets the requirements set out in this Part or adopted by the State Board of Education, (ii) the applicant has the ability to operate the school and would be likely to operate the school in an educationally and economically sound manner, and (iii) granting the application would improve student learning and would achieve one of the other purposes set out in G.S. 115C‑238.29A. In reviewing applications for the establishment of charter schools within a local school administrative unit, the chartering entity is encouraged to give preference to applications that demonstrate the capability to provide comprehensive learning experiences to students identified by the applicants as at risk of academic failure. If the chartering entity approves more than one application for charter schools located in a local school administrative unit, the chartering entity may state its order of preference among the applications that it approves.

(c)�� If a chartering entity other than the State Board disapproves an application, the applicant may appeal to the State Board of Education prior to February 15. The State Board shall consider the appeal at the same time it is considering final approval in accordance with G.S. 115C‑238.29D. The State Board shall give preliminary approval of the application if it finds that the chartering entity acted in an arbitrary or capricious manner in disapproving the application, failed to consider appropriately the application, or failed to act within the time set out in G.S. 115C‑238.29C.

If the chartering entity, the State Board of Education, or both, disapprove an application, the applicant may modify the application and reapply subject to the application deadline contained in subsection (a) of this section. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2.)

§ 115C‑238.29D.� Final approval of applications for charter schools.

(a)�� The State Board shall grant final approval of an application if it finds that the application meets the requirements set out in this Part or adopted by the State Board of Education and that granting the application would achieve one or more of the purposes set out in G.S. 115C‑238.29A. The State Board shall act by March 15 of a calendar year on all applications and appeals it receives prior to February 15 of that calendar year.

(b)�� The State Board shall authorize no more than five charter schools per year in one local school administrative unit. The State Board shall authorize no more than 100 charter schools statewide. If more than five charter schools in one local school administrative unit or more than 100 schools statewide meet the standards for final approval, the State Board shall give priority to applications that are most likely to further State education policies and to strengthen the educational program offered in the local school administrative units in which they are located.

(c)�� The State Board of Education may authorize a school before the applicant has secured its space, equipment, facilities, and personnel if the applicant indicates the authority is necessary for it to raise working capital. The State Board shall not allocate any funds to the school until the school has obtained space.

(d)�� The State Board of Education may grant the initial charter for a period not to exceed 10 years and may renew the charter upon the request of the chartering entity for subsequent periods not to exceed 10 years each. The State Board of Education shall review the operations of each charter school at least once every five years to ensure that the school is meeting the expected academic, financial, and governance standards.

A material revision of the provisions of a charter application shall be made only upon the approval of the State Board of Education.

It shall not be considered a material revision of a charter application and shall not require the prior approval of the State Board for a charter school to increase its enrollment during the charter school's second year of operation and annually thereafter (i) by up to ten percent (10%) of the school's previous year's enrollment or (ii) in accordance with planned growth as authorized in the charter. Other enrollment growth shall be considered a material revision of the charter application, and the State Board may approve such additional enrollment growth of greater than ten percent (10%) only if the State Board finds that:

(1)�� The actual enrollment of the charter school is within ten percent (10%) of its maximum authorized enrollment;

(2)�� The charter school has commitments for ninety percent (90%) of the requested maximum growth;

(3)�� The board of education of the local school administrative unit in which the charter school is located has had an opportunity to be heard by the State Board of Education on any adverse impact the proposed growth would have on the unit's ability to provide a sound basic education to its students;

(4)�� The charter school is not currently identified as low‑performing;

(5)�� The charter school meets generally accepted standards of fiscal management; and

(6)�� It is otherwise appropriate to approve the enrollment growth. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑430, s. 3; 2000‑67, s. 8.23; 2001‑424, s. 28.26; 2003‑354, s. 2; 2004‑203, s. 45(a).)

§ 115C‑238.29E.� Charter school operation.

(a)�� A charter school that is approved by the State shall be a public school within the local school administrative unit in which it is located. It shall be accountable to the local board of education if it applied for and received preliminary approval from that local board for purposes of ensuring compliance with applicable laws and the provisions of its charter. All other charter schools shall be accountable to the State Board for ensuring compliance with applicable laws and the provisions of their charters, except that any of these charter schools may agree to be accountable to the local board of the school administrative unit in which the charter school is located rather than to the State Board.

(b)�� A charter school shall be operated by a private nonprofit corporation that shall have received federal tax‑exempt status no later than 24 months following final approval of the application.

(c)�� A charter school shall operate under the written charter signed by the entity to which it is accountable under subsection (a) of this section and the applicant. A charter school is not required to enter into any other contract. The charter shall incorporate the information provided in the application, as modified during the charter approval process, and any terms and conditions imposed on the charter school by the State Board of Education. No other terms may be imposed on the charter school as a condition for receipt of local funds.

(d)�� The board of directors of the charter school shall decide matters related to the operation of the school, including budgeting, curriculum, and operating procedures.

(e)�� A charter school's specific location shall not be prescribed or limited by a local board or other authority except a zoning authority. The school may lease space from a local board of education or as is otherwise lawful in the local school administrative unit in which the charter school is located. If a charter school leases space from a sectarian organization, the charter school classes and students shall be physically separated from any parochial students, and there shall be no religious artifacts, symbols, iconography, or materials on display in the charter school's entrance, classrooms, or hallways. Furthermore, if a charter school leases space from a sectarian organization, the charter school shall not use the name of that organization in the name of the charter school.

At the request of the charter school, the local board of education of the local school administrative unit in which the charter school will be located shall lease any available building or land to the charter school unless the board demonstrates that the lease is not economically or practically feasible or that the local board does not have adequate classroom space to meet its enrollment needs. Notwithstanding any other law, a local board of education may provide a school facility to a charter school free of charge; however, the charter school is responsible for the maintenance of and insurance for the school facility.

(f)�� Except as provided in this Part and pursuant to the provisions of its charter, a charter school is exempt from statutes and rules applicable to a local board of education or local school administrative unit. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑430, s. 4.)

§ 115C‑238.29F.� General requirements.

(a)�� Health and Safety Standards. � A charter school shall meet the same health and safety requirements required of a local school administrative unit. The Department of Public Instruction shall ensure that charter schools provide parents and guardians with information about meningococcal meningitis and influenza and their vaccines at the beginning of every school year. This information shall include the causes, symptoms, and how meningococcal meningitis and influenza are spread and the places where parents and guardians may obtain additional information and vaccinations for their children.

(b)�� School Nonsectarian. � A charter school shall be nonsectarian in its programs, admission policies, employment practices, and all other operations and shall not charge tuition or fees. A charter school shall not be affiliated with a nonpublic sectarian school or a religious institution.

(c)�� Civil Liability and Insurance. �

(1)�� The board of directors of a charter school may sue and be sued. The State Board of Education shall adopt rules to establish reasonable amounts and types of liability insurance that the board of directors shall be required by the charter to obtain. The board of directors shall obtain at least the amount of and types of insurance required by these rules to be included in the charter. Any sovereign immunity of the charter school, of the organization that operates the charter school, or its members, officers, or directors, or of the employees of the charter school or the organization that operates the charter school, is waived to the extent of indemnification by insurance.

(2)�� No civil liability shall attach to any chartering entity, to the State Board of Education, or to any of their members or employees, individually or collectively, for any acts or omissions of the charter school.

(d)�� Instructional Program. �

(1)�� The school shall provide instruction each year for at least 180 days.

(2)�� The school shall design its programs to at least meet the student performance standards adopted by the State Board of Education and the student performance standards contained in the charter.

(3)�� A charter school shall conduct the student assessments required for charter schools by the State Board of Education.

(4)�� The school shall comply with policies adopted by the State Board of Education for charter schools relating to the education of children with special needs.

(5)�� The school is subject to and shall comply with Article 27 of Chapter 115C of the General Statutes, except that a charter school may also exclude a student from the charter school and return that student to another school in the local school administrative unit in accordance with the terms of its charter.

(e)�� Employees. �

(1)�� An employee of a charter school is not an employee of the local school administrative unit in which the charter school is located. The charter school's board of directors shall employ and contract with necessary teachers to perform the particular service for which they are employed in the school; at least seventy‑five percent (75%) of these teachers in grades kindergarten through five, at least fifty percent (50%) of these teachers in grades six through eight, and at least fifty percent (50%) of these teachers in grades nine through 12 shall hold teacher certificates. All teachers in grades six through 12 who are teaching in the core subject areas of mathematics, science, social studies, and language arts shall be college graduates.

The board also may employ necessary employees who are not required to hold teacher certificates to perform duties other than teaching and may contract for other services. The board may discharge teachers and noncertificated employees.

(2)�� No local board of education shall require any employee of the local school administrative unit to be employed in a charter school.

(3)�� If a teacher employed by a local school administrative unit makes a written request for a leave of absence to teach at a charter school, the local school administrative unit shall grant the leave for one year. For the initial year of a charter school's operation, the local school administrative unit may require that the request for a leave of absence be made up to 45 days before the teacher would otherwise have to report for duty. After the initial year of a charter school's operation, the local school administrative unit may require that the request for a leave of absence be made up to 90 days before the teacher would otherwise have to report for duty. A local board of education is not required to grant a request for a leave of absence or a request to extend or renew a leave of absence for a teacher who previously has received a leave of absence from that school board under this subdivision. A teacher who has career status under G.S. 115C‑325 prior to receiving a leave of absence to teach at a charter school may return to a public school in the local school administrative unit with career status at the end of the leave of absence or upon the end of employment at the charter school if an appropriate position is available. If an appropriate position is unavailable, the teacher's name shall be placed on a list of available teachers and that teacher shall have priority on all positions for which that teacher is qualified in accordance with G.S. 115C‑325(e)(2).

(4)�� The employees of the charter school shall be deemed employees of the local school administrative unit for purposes of providing certain State‑funded employee benefits, including membership in the Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System and the Teachers' and State Employees' Comprehensive Major Medical Plan. The State Board of Education provides funds to charter schools, approves the original members of the boards of directors of the charter schools, has the authority to grant, supervise, and revoke charters, and demands full accountability from charter schools for school finances and student performance. Accordingly, it is the determination of the General Assembly that charter schools are public schools and that the employees of charter schools are public school employees. Employees of a charter school whose board of directors elects to become a participating employer under G.S. 135‑5.3 are "teachers" for the purpose of membership in the North Carolina Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System. In no event shall anything contained in this Part require the North Carolina Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System to accept employees of a private employer as members or participants of the System.

(f)�� Accountability. �

(1)�� The school is subject to the financial audits, the audit procedures, and the audit requirements adopted by the State Board of Education for charter schools. These audit requirements may include the requirements of the School Budget and Fiscal Control Act.

(2)�� The school shall comply with the reporting requirements established by the State Board of Education in the Uniform Education Reporting System.

(3)�� The school shall report at least annually to the chartering entity and the State Board of Education the information required by the chartering entity or the State Board.

(g)�� Admission Requirements. �

(1)�� Any child who is qualified under the laws of this State for admission to a public school is qualified for admission to a charter school.

(2)�� No local board of education shall require any student enrolled in the local school administrative unit to attend a charter school.

(3)�� Admission to a charter school shall not be determined according to the school attendance area in which a student resides, except that any local school administrative unit in which a public school converts to a charter school shall give admission preference to students who reside within the former attendance area of that school.

(4)�� Admission to a charter school shall not be determined according to the local school administrative unit in which a student resides.

(5)�� A charter school shall not discriminate against any student on the basis of ethnicity, national origin, gender, or disability. Except as otherwise provided by law or the mission of the school as set out in the charter, the school shall not limit admission to students on the basis of intellectual ability, measures of achievement or aptitude, athletic ability, disability, race, creed, gender, national origin, religion, or ancestry. The charter school may give enrollment priority to siblings of currently enrolled students who were admitted to the charter school in a previous year and to children of the school's principal, teachers, and teacher assistants. In addition, and only for its first year of operation, the charter school may give enrollment priority to children of the initial members of the charter school's board of directors, so long as (i) these children are limited to no more than ten percent (10%) of the school's total enrollment or to 20 students, whichever is less, and (ii) the charter school is not a former public or private school. Within one year after the charter school begins operation, the population of the school shall reasonably reflect the racial and ethnic composition of the general population residing within the local school administrative unit in which the school is located or the racial and ethnic composition of the special population that the school seeks to serve residing within the local school administrative unit in which the school is located. The school shall be subject to any court‑ordered desegregation plan in effect for the local school administrative unit.

(6)�� During each period of enrollment, the charter school shall enroll an eligible student who submits a timely application, unless the number of applications exceeds the capacity of a program, class, grade level, or building. In this case, students shall be accepted by lot. Once enrolled, students are not required to reapply in subsequent enrollment periods.

(7)�� Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, a charter school may refuse admission to any student who has been expelled or suspended from a public school under G.S. 115C‑391 until the period of suspension or expulsion has expired.

(h)�� Transportation. � The charter school may provide transportation for students enrolled at the school. The charter school shall develop a transportation plan so that transportation is not a barrier to any student who resides in the local school administrative unit in which the school is located. The charter school is not required to provide transportation to any student who lives within one and one‑half miles of the school. At the request of the charter school and if the local board of the local school administrative unit in which the charter school is located operates a school bus system, then that local board may contract with the charter school to provide transportation in accordance with the charter school's transportation plan to students who reside in the local school administrative unit and who reside at least one and one‑half miles of the charter school. A local board may charge the charter school a reasonable charge that is sufficient to cover the cost of providing this transportation. Furthermore, a local board may refuse to provide transportation under this subsection if it demonstrates there is no available space on buses it intends to operate during the term of the contract or it would not be practically feasible to provide this transportation.

(i)�� Assets. � Upon dissolution of the charter school or upon the nonrenewal of the charter, all net assets of the charter school purchased with public funds shall be deemed the property of the local school administrative unit in which the charter school is located.

(j)�� (See Editor's Note) Driving Eligibility Certificates. �

In accordance with rules adopted by the State Board of Education, the designee of the school's board of directors shall do all of the following:

(1)�� Sign driving eligibility certificates that meet the conditions established in G.S. 20‑11.

(2)�� Obtain the necessary written, irrevocable consent from parents, guardians, or emancipated juveniles, as appropriate, in order to disclose information to the Division of Motor Vehicles.

(3)�� Notify the Division of Motor Vehicles when a student who holds a driving eligibility certificate no longer meets its conditions. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑430, s. 5; 1997‑443, s. 8.19; 1997‑456, s. 55.4; 1998‑212, s. 9.14A(a); 1999‑243, s. 8; 2001‑462, s. 1; 2004‑118, s. 3; 2004‑203, s. 45(b).)

§ 115C‑238.29G.� Causes for nonrenewal or termination; disputes.

(a)�� The State Board of Education, or a chartering entity subject to the approval of the State Board of Education, may terminate or not renew a charter upon any of the following grounds:

(1)�� Failure to meet the requirements for student performance contained in the charter;

(2)�� Failure to meet generally accepted standards of fiscal management;

(3)�� Violations of law;

(4)�� Material violation of any of the conditions, standards, or procedures set forth in the charter;

(5)�� Two‑thirds of the faculty and instructional support personnel at the school request that the charter be terminated or not renewed; or

(6)�� Other good cause identified.

(b)�� The State Board of Education shall develop and implement a process to address contractual and other grievances between a charter school and its chartering entity or the local board of education during the time of its charter.

(c)�� The State Board and the charter school are encouraged to make a good‑faith attempt to resolve the differences that may arise between them. They may agree to jointly select a mediator. The mediator shall act as a neutral facilitator of disclosures of factual information, statements of positions and contentions, and efforts to negotiate an agreement settling the differences. The mediator shall, at the request of either the State Board or a charter school, commence a mediation immediately or within a reasonable period of time. The mediation shall be held in accordance with rules and standards of conduct adopted under Chapter 7A of the General Statutes governing mediated settlement conferences but modified as appropriate and suitable to the resolution of the particular issues in disagreement.

Notwithstanding Article 33C of Chapter 143 of the General Statutes, the mediation proceedings shall be conducted in private. Evidence of statements made and conduct occurring in a mediation are not subject to discovery and are inadmissible in any court action. However, no evidence otherwise discoverable is inadmissible merely because it is presented or discussed in a mediation. The mediator shall not be compelled to testify or produce evidence concerning statements made and conduct occurring in a mediation in any civil proceeding for any purpose, except disciplinary hearings before the State Bar or any agency established to enforce standards of conduct for mediators. The mediator may determine that an impasse exists and discontinue the mediation at any time. The mediator shall not make any recommendations or public statement of findings or conclusions. The State Board and the charter school shall share equally the mediator's compensation and expenses. The mediator's compensation shall be determined according to rules adopted under Chapter 7A of the General Statutes. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑430, s. 6.)

§ 115C‑238.29H.� State and local funds for a charter school.

(a)�� The State Board of Education shall allocate to each charter school:

(1)�� An amount equal to the average per pupil allocation for average daily membership from the local school administrative unit allotments in which the charter school is located for each child attending the charter school except for the allocation for children with special needs and for the allocation for children with limited English proficiency;

(2)�� An additional amount for each child attending the charter school who is a child with special needs; and

(3)�� An additional amount for children with limited English proficiency attending the charter school, based on a formula adopted by the State Board.

In accordance with G.S. 115C‑238.29D(d), the State Board shall allow for annual adjustments to the amount allocated to a charter school based on its enrollment growth in school years subsequent to the initial year of operation.

In the event a child with special needs leaves the charter school and enrolls in a public school during the first 60 school days in the school year, the charter school shall return a pro rata amount of funds allocated for that child to the State Board, and the State Board shall reallocate those funds to the local school administrative unit in which the public school is located. In the event a child with special needs enrolls in a charter school during the first 60 school days in the school year, the State Board shall allocate to the charter school the pro rata amount of additional funds for children with special needs.

(a1)�� Funds allocated by the State Board of Education may be used to enter into operational and financing leases for real property or mobile classroom units for use as school facilities for charter schools and may be used for payments on loans made to charter schools for facilities or equipment. However, State funds shall not be used to obtain any other interest in real property or mobile classroom units. No indebtedness of any kind incurred or created by the charter school shall constitute an indebtedness of the State or its political subdivisions, and no indebtedness of the charter school shall involve or be secured by the faith, credit, or taxing power of the State or its political subdivisions. Every contract or lease into which a charter school enters shall include the previous sentence. The school also may own land and buildings it obtains through non‑State sources.

(b)�� If a student attends a charter school, the local school administrative unit in which the child resides shall transfer to the charter school an amount equal to the per pupil local current expense appropriation to the local school administrative unit for the fiscal year. The amount transferred under this subsection that consists of revenue derived from supplemental taxes shall be transferred only to a charter school located in the tax district for which these taxes are levied and in which the student resides. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑430, s. 7; 1998‑212, s. 9.20(f); 2003‑423, s. 3.1.)

§ 115C‑238.29I.� Notice of the charter school process; review of charter schools; Charter School Advisory Committee.

(a)�� The State Board of Education shall distribute information announcing the availability of the charter school process described in this Part to each local school administrative unit and public postsecondary educational institution and, through press releases, to each major newspaper in the State.

(b)�� Repealed by Session Laws 1997‑18, s. 15(i).

(c)�� The State Board of Education shall review and evaluate the educational effectiveness of the charter school approach authorized under this Part and the effect of charter schools on the public schools in the local school administrative unit in which the charter schools are located. The Board shall report no later than January 1, 2002, to the Joint Legislative Education Oversight Committee with recommendations to modify, expand, or terminate that approach. The Board shall base its recommendations predominantly on the following information:

(1)�� The current and projected impact of charter schools on the delivery of services by the public schools.

(2)�� Student academic progress in the charter schools as measured, where available, against the academic year immediately preceding the first academic year of the charter schools' operation.

(3)�� Best practices resulting from charter school operations.

(4)�� Other information the State Board considers appropriate.

(d)�� The State Board of Education may establish a Charter School Advisory Committee to assist with the implementation of this Part. The Charter School Advisory Committee may (i) provide technical assistance to chartering entities or to potential applicants, (ii) review applications for preliminary approval, (iii) make recommendations as to whether the State Board should approve applications for charter schools, (iv) make recommendations as to whether the State Board should terminate or not renew a charter, (v) make recommendations concerning grievances between a charter school and its chartering entity, the State Board, or a local board, (vi) assist with the review under subsection (c) of this section, and (vii) provide any other assistance as may be required by the State Board.

(e)�� Notwithstanding the dates set forth in this Part, the State Board of Education may establish an alternative time line for the submission of applications, preliminary approvals, criminal record checks, appeals, and final approvals so long as the Board grants final approval by March 15 of each calendar year. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑18, s. 15(i); 1997‑430, ss. 8, 9; 1999‑27, s. 1.)

§ 115C‑238.29J.� Public and private assistance to charter schools.

(a)�� Local boards of education are authorized and encouraged to provide administrative and evaluative support to charter schools located within their local school administrative units.

(b)�� Private persons and organizations are encouraged to provide funding and other assistance to the establishment or operation of charter schools.

(c)�� The State Board of Education shall direct the Department of Public Instruction to provide guidance and technical assistance, upon request, to applicants and potential applicants for charters.

(d)�� The State Board of Education shall direct the Department of Public Instruction to notify the Department of Revenue when the State Board of Education terminates, fails to renew, or grants a charter for a charter school. (1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 731, s. 2; 1997‑430, s. 10; 2000‑72, s. 3.)

§ 115C‑238.29K.� Criminal history checks.

(a)�� As used in this section:

(1)�� "Criminal history" means a county, state, or federal criminal history of conviction of a crime, whether a misdemeanor or a felony, that indicates an individual (i) poses a threat to the physical safety of students or personnel, or (ii) has demonstrated that he or she does not have the integrity or honesty to fulfill his or her duties as school personnel. These crimes include the following North Carolina crimes contained in any of the following Articles of Chapter 14 of the General Statutes: Article 5A, Endangering Executive and Legislative Officers; Article 6, Homicide; Article 7A, Rape and Kindred Offenses; Article 8, Assaults; Article 10, Kidnapping and Abduction; Article 13, Malicious Injury or Damage by Use of Explosive or Incendiary Device or Material; Article 14, Burglary and Other Housebreakings; Article 15, Arson and Other Burnings; Article 16, Larceny; Article 17, Robbery; Article 18, Embezzlement; Article 19, False Pretense and Cheats; Article 19A, Obtaining Property or Services by False or Fraudulent Use of Credit Device or Other Means; Article 20, Frauds; Article 21, Forgery; Article 26, Offenses Against Public Morality and Decency; Article 26A, Adult Establishments; Article 27, Prostitution; Article 28, Perjury; Article 29, Bribery; Article 31, Misconduct in Public Office; Article 35, Offenses Against the Public Peace; Article 36A, Riots and Civil Disorders; Article 39, Protection of Minors; and Article 60, Computer‑Related Crime. These crimes also include possession or sale of drugs in violation of the North Carolina Controlled Substances Act, Article 5 of Chapter 90 of the General Statutes, and alcohol‑related offenses such as sale to underage persons in violation of G.S. 18B‑302 or driving while impaired in violation of G.S. 20‑138.1 through G.S. 20‑138.5. In addition to the North Carolina crimes listed in this subdivision, such crimes also include similar crimes under federal law or under the laws of other states.

(2)�� "School personnel" means any:

a.�� Member of the board of directors of a charter school,

b.�� Employee of a charter school, or

c.�� Independent contractor or employee of an independent contractor of a charter school if the independent contractor carries out duties customarily performed by school personnel,

whether paid with federal, State, local, or other funds, who has significant access to students or who has responsibility for the fiscal management of a charter school.

(b)�� The State Board of Education shall adopt a policy on whether and under what circumstances school personnel shall be required to be checked for a criminal history. The policy shall not require school personnel to be checked for a criminal history check before preliminary approval is granted under G.S. 115C‑238.29B. The Board shall apply its policy uniformly in requiring school personnel to be checked for a criminal history. The Board may grant conditional approval of an application while the Board is checking a person's criminal history and making a decision based on the results of the check.

The State Board shall not require members of boards of directors of charter schools or employees of charter schools to pay for the criminal history check authorized under this section.

(c)�� The Board of Education shall require the person to be checked by the Department of Justice to (i) be fingerprinted and to provide any additional information required by the Department of Justice to a person designated by the State Board, or to the local sheriff or the municipal police, whichever is more convenient for the person, and (ii) sign a form consenting to the check of the criminal record and to the use of fingerprints and other identifying information required by the repositories. The State Board shall consider refusal to consent when deciding whether to grant final approval of an application under G.S. 115C‑238.29D and when making an employment recommendation. The fingerprints of the individual shall be forwarded to the State Bureau of Investigation for a search of the State criminal history record file, and the State Bureau of Investigation shall forward a set of fingerprints to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a national criminal history record check. The Department of Justice shall provide to the State Board of Education the criminal history from the State and National Repositories of Criminal Histories of any school personnel for which the Board requires a criminal history check.

The State Board shall not require members of boards of directors of charter schools or employees of charter schools to pay for the fingerprints authorized under this section.

(d)�� The State Board shall review the criminal history it receives on an individual. The State Board shall determine whether the results of the review indicate that the individual (i) poses a threat to the physical safety of students or personnel, or (ii) has demonstrated that he or she does not have the integrity or honesty to fulfill his or her duties as school personnel and shall use the information when deciding whether to grant final approval of an application for a charter school under G.S. 115C‑238.29D and for making an employment recommendation to the board of directors of a charter school. The State Board shall make written findings with regard to how it used the information when deciding whether to grant final approval under G.S. 115C‑238.29D and when making an employment recommendation.

(e)�� The State Board shall notify in writing the board of directors of the charter school of the determination by the State Board as to whether the school personnel is qualified to operate or be employed by a charter school based on the school personnel's criminal history. At the same time, the State Board shall provide to the charter school's board of directors the written findings the Board makes in subsection (d) of this section and its employment recommendation. If the State Board recommends dismissal or nonemployment of any person, the board of directors of the charter school shall dismiss or refuse to employ that person. In accordance with the law regulating the dissemination of the contents of the criminal history file furnished by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the State Board shall not release nor disclose any portion of the school personnel's criminal history to the charter school's board of directors or employees. The State Board also shall notify the school personnel of the procedure for completing or challenging the accuracy of the criminal history and the personnel's right to contest the State Board's determination in court.

(f)�� All the information received by the State Board of Education or the charter school in accordance with subsection (e) of this section through the checking of the criminal history is privileged information and is not a public record but is for the exclusive use of the State Board of Education or the board of directors of the charter school. The State Board of Education or the board of directors of the charter school may destroy the information after it is used for the purposes authorized by this section after one calendar year.

(g)�� There shall be no liability for negligence on the part of the State Board of Education or the board of directors of the charter school, or their employees, arising from any act taken or omission by any of them in carrying out the provisions of this section. The immunity established by this subsection shall not extend to gross negligence, wanton conduct, or intentional wrongdoing that would otherwise be actionable. The immunity established by this subsection shall be deemed to have been waived to the extent of indemnification by insurance, indemnification under Articles 31A and 31B of Chapter 143 of the General Statutes, and to the extent sovereign immunity is waived under the Tort Claims Act, as set forth in Article 31 of Chapter 143 of the General Statutes. (1997‑430, s. 2.)

Part 7.� Extended Services Programs.

§ 115C‑238.30.� Purpose.

The General Assembly believes that all children can learn.� It is the intent of the General Assembly that the mission of the public school community is to challenge with high expectations each child to learn, to achieve, and to fulfill his or her potential.� With that mission as a guide, local school administrative units are encouraged to provide timely assistance to students who are at risk of school failure through the extended services programs described in this Part. (1993, c. 132.)

§ 115C‑238.31.� Extended services programs.

(a)�� Local school administrative units are encouraged to implement extended services programs that will expand students' opportunities for educational success through high‑quality, integrated access to instructional programming during nonschool hours.� Extended services programs may be incorporated into school improvement plans developed in accordance with G.S. 115C‑105.27.� Calendar alternatives include, but are not limited to, after‑school hours, before‑school hours, evening school, Saturday school, summer school, and year‑round school.� Instructional programming may include, but is not limited to, tutoring, direct instruction, enrichment activities, study skills, and reinforcement projects.

(b)�� Extended services programs shall be targeted primarily toward students who perform significantly below their age‑level peers; however, these programs may be established for students who are achieving at or above grade level.

(c)�� Extended services programs should be accelerated and based on needs assessments of the students in the program.� The programs shall build on, and be fully integrated with, existing classroom and school activities.

(d)�� Extended services programs may be based in schools, collaboratively between schools, or in other community‑based locations. (1993, c. 132; 1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 716, s. 24.)

§ 115C‑238.32.� Needs assessment; community‑based collaboration.

(a)�� Before implementing an extended services program, the local school administrative unit shall conduct a needs assessment within the unit and in collaboration with local governmental and nongovernmental agencies to identify students, schools, and communities that need extended services.� The needs assessment shall include an evaluation of existing school and community resources and programs and shall identify how instruction in the core curriculum could be improved to meet the needs of children at risk of school failure.

(b)�� Goals and expected outcomes for the program shall be based on the needs assessment. (1993, c. 132.)

§ 115C‑238.33.� Plan for effective use of fiscal resources; comprehensive plan to implement extended services programs.

(a)�� The State Board of Education shall develop model plans which show how to (i) deliver comprehensive extended services; (ii) effectively use all fiscal resources, including federal funds, and other resources under its control that support the goals of this Part; and (iii) maintain quality program evaluation. The model plans shall be communicated to local units and building‑level committees.

(b)�� Repealed by Session Laws, 1997‑18, c. 15(j). (1993, c. 132, s. 1; 1997‑18, s. 15(j).)

§§ 115C‑238.34 through 115C‑238.39.� Reserved for future codification purposes.

Part 8.� Intervention/Prevention Grant Program for North Carolina School Children.

§§ 115C‑238.40 through 115C‑238.47:� Repealed by Session Laws 1995, c.� 450, s. 16.

Part 9. Cooperative Innovative High School Programs.

§ 115C‑238.50.� Purpose.

(a)�� The purpose of this Part is to authorize local boards of education to jointly establish with one or more boards of trustees cooperative innovative programs in high schools and colleges or universities that will expand students' opportunities for educational success through high quality instructional programming. These cooperative innovative high school programs shall target:

(1)�� High school students who are at risk of dropping out of school before attaining a high school diploma; or

(2)�� High school students who would benefit from accelerated academic instruction.

(b)�� All the cooperative innovative high school programs established under this Part shall:

(1)�� Prepare students adequately for future learning in the workforce or in an institution of higher education.

(2)�� Expand students' educational opportunities within the public school system.

(3)�� Be centered on the core academic standards represented by the college preparatory or tech prep program of study as defined by the State Board of Education.

(4)�� Encourage the cooperative or shared use of resources, personnel, and facilities between public schools and colleges or universities, or both.

(5)�� Integrate and emphasize both academic and technical skills necessary for students to be successful in a more demanding and changing workplace.

(6)�� Emphasize parental involvement and provide consistent counseling, advising, and parent conferencing so that parents and students can make responsible decisions regarding course taking and can track the students' academic progress and success.

(7)�� Be held accountable for meeting measurable student achievement results.

(8)�� Encourage the use of different and innovative teaching methods.

(9)�� Establish joint institutional responsibility and accountability for support of students and their success.

(10)�� Effectively utilize existing funding sources for high school, college, university, and vocational programs and actively pursue new funding from other sources.

(11)�� Develop methods for early identification of potential participating students in the middle grades and through high school.

(12)�� Reduce the percentage of students needing remedial courses upon their initial entry from high school into a college or university.

(c)�� Programs developed under this Part that target students who are at risk of dropping out of high school before attaining a high school diploma shall:

(1)�� Provide these students with the opportunity to graduate from high school possessing the core academic skills needed for postsecondary education and high‑skilled employment.

(2)�� Enable students to complete a technical or academic program in a field that is in high demand and has high wages.

(3)�� Set and achieve goals that significantly reduce dropout rates and raise high school and college retention, certification, and degree completion rates.

(4)�� Enable students who complete these programs to pass employer exams, if applicable.

(d)�� Cooperative innovative high school programs that offer accelerated learning programs shall:

(1)�� Provide a flexible, customized program of instruction for students who would benefit from accelerated, higher level coursework or early graduation from high school.

(2)�� Enable students to obtain a high school diploma in less than four years, to begin or complete an associate degree program, to master a certificate or vocational program, or to earn up to two years of college credit.

(3)�� Offer a college preparatory academic core and in‑depth studies in a career or technical field that will lead to advanced programs or employment opportunities in engineering, health sciences, or teaching.

(e)�� Cooperative innovative high school programs may include the creation of a school within a school, a technical high school, or a high school or technical center located on the campus of a college or university.

(f)�� Students are eligible to attend these programs as early as ninth grade. (2003‑277, s. 2; 2005‑276, s. 7.33(a).)

§ 115C‑238.50A.� Definitions.

The following definitions apply in this Part:

(1)�� Constituent institution. � A constituent institution as defined in G.S. 116‑2(4).

(2)�� Education partner. � An education partner as provided in G.S. 115C‑238.52.

(3)�� Governing board. � The State Board of Community Colleges, the Board of Governors of The University of North Carolina, or the Board of the North Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities.

(4)�� Local board of trustees. � The board of trustees of a community college, constituent institution of The University of North Carolina, or private college located in North Carolina. (2005‑276, s. 7.33(a).)

§ 115C‑238.51.� Application process.

(a)�� A local board of education and at least one local board of trustees shall jointly apply to establish a cooperative innovative high school program under this Part.

(b)�� The application shall contain at least the following information:

(1)�� A description of a program that implements the purposes in G.S. 115C‑238.50.

(2)�� A statement of how the program relates to the Economic Vision Plan adopted for the economic development region in which the program is to be located.

(3)�� The facilities to be used by the program and the manner in which administrative services of the program are to be provided.

(4)�� A description of student academic and vocational achievement goals and the method of demonstrating that students have attained the skills and knowledge specified for those goals.

(5)�� A description of how the program will be operated, including budgeting, curriculum, transportation, and operating procedures.

(6)�� The process to be followed by the program to ensure parental involvement.

(7)�� The process by which students will be selected for and admitted to the program.

(8)�� A description of the funds that will be used and a proposed budget for the program. This description shall identify how the average daily membership (ADM) and full‑time equivalent (FTE) students are counted.

(9)�� The qualifications required for individuals employed in the program.

(10)�� The number of students to be served.

(11)�� A description of how the program's effectiveness in meeting the purposes in G.S. 115C‑238.50 will be measured.

(c)�� The application shall be submitted to the State Board of Education and the applicable governing Boards. The Boards shall appoint a joint advisory committee to review the applications and to recommend to the Boards those programs that meet the requirements of this Part and that achieve the purposes set out in G.S. 115C‑238.50.

(d)�� The Boards may approve programs recommended by the joint advisory committee or may approve other programs that were not recommended. The Boards shall approve all applications by June 30 of each year. No application shall be approved unless the State Board of Education and the applicable governing Board find that the application meets the requirements set out in this Part and that granting the application would achieve the purposes set out in G.S. 115C‑238.50. Priority shall be given to applications that are most likely to further State education policies, to address the economic development needs of the economic development regions in which they are located, and to strengthen the educational programs offered in the local school administrative units in which they are located. (2003‑277, s. 2; 2005‑276, s. 7.33(a); 2005‑345, ss. 6(b), 6(c).)

§ 115C‑238.52.� Participation by other education partners.

(a)�� Any or all of the following education partners may participate in the development of a cooperative innovative program under this Part that is targeted to high school students who would benefit from accelerated academic instruction:

(1), �� (2)� Repealed by Session Laws 2005‑276, s. 7.33(a), effective July 1, 2005.

(3)�� A private business or organization.

(4)�� The county board of commissioners in the county in which the program is located.

(b)�� Any or all of the education partners listed in subsection (a) of this section that participate shall:

(1)�� Jointly apply with the local board of education and the local board of trustees to establish a cooperative innovative program under this Part.

(2)�� Be identified in the application.

(3)�� Sign the written agreement under G.S. 115C‑238.53(b). (2003‑277, s. 2; 2005‑276, s. 7.33(a).)

§ 115C‑238.53.� Program operation.

(a)�� A program approved by the State is accountable to the local board of education.

(b)�� A program approved under this Part shall operate under the terms of a written agreement signed by the local board of education, local board of trustees, State Board of Education, and applicable governing Board. The agreement shall incorporate the information provided in the application, as modified during the approval process, and any terms and conditions imposed on the program by the State Board of Education and the applicable governing Board. The agreement may be for a term of no longer than five school years.

(c)�� A program may be operated in a facility owned or leased by the local board of education, the local board of trustees, or the education partner, if any.

(d)�� A program approved under this Part shall provide instruction each school year for at least 180 days during nine calendar months, shall comply with laws and policies relating to the education of students with disabilities, and shall comply with Article 27 of this Chapter.

(e)�� A program approved under this Part may use State, federal, and local funds allocated to the local school administrative unit, to the applicable governing Board, and to the college or university to implement the program. If there is an education partner and if it is a public body, the program may use State, federal, and local funds allocated to that body.

(f)�� Except as provided in this Part and under the terms of the agreement, a program may be exempted by the applicable governing Board from laws and rules applicable to a local board of education, a local school administrative unit, a community college, a constituent institution, or a local board of trustees. (2003‑277, s. 2; 2005‑276, s. 7.33(a).)

§ 115C‑238.54.� Funds for programs.

(a)�� The Department of Public Instruction shall assign a school code for each program that is approved under this Part. All positions and other State and federal allotments that are generated for this program shall be assigned to that school code. Notwithstanding G.S. 115C‑105.25, once funds are assigned to that school code, the local board of education may use these funds for the program and may transfer these funds between funding allotment categories.

(b)�� The local board of trustees may allocate State and federal funds for a program that is approved under this Part.

(c)�� An education partner under G.S. 115C‑238.52 that is a public body may allocate State, federal, and local funds for a program that is approved under this Part.

(d)�� If not an education partner under G.S. 115C‑238.52, a county board of commissioners in a county where a program is located may nevertheless appropriate funds to a program approved under this Part.

(e)�� The local board of education and the local board of trustees are strongly encouraged to seek funds from sources other than State, federal, and local appropriations. They are strongly encouraged to seek funds the Education Cabinet identifies or obtains under G.S. 116C‑4. (2003‑277, s. 2; 2005‑276, s. 7.33(a).)

§ 115C‑238.55.� Evaluation of programs.

The State Board of Education and the governing Boards shall evaluate the success of students in programs approved under this Part. Success shall be measured by high school retention rates, high school completion rates, high school dropout rates, certification and associate degree completion, admission to four‑year institutions, postgraduation employment in career or study‑related fields, and employer satisfaction of employees who participated in and graduated from the programs. Beginning October 15, 2005, and annually thereafter, the Boards shall jointly report to the Joint Legislative Education Oversight Committee on the evaluation of these programs. If, by October 15, 2006, the Boards determine any or all of these programs have been successful, they shall jointly develop a prototype plan for similar programs that could be expanded across the State. This plan shall be included in their report to the Joint Legislative Education Oversight Committee that is due by October 15, 2007. (2003‑277, s. 2; 2005‑276, s. 7.33(a).)

§§ 115C‑238.56 through 115C‑238.59: Reserved for future codification purposes. (2003‑277, s. 2.)

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