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2022 Massachusetts General Laws
Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases
Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein
Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice
- Section 1 To 5 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 73
- Section 6 - Assignee of Claim Assigned by Executor or Administrator, Proceedings
- Section 6a - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
- Section 6b - Interest Added to Damages in Tort Actions
- Section 6c - Interest Added to Damages in Contract Actions
- Section 6d - Damages for Pain and Suffering in Tort Actions Arising Out of Operation, etc., of Motor Vehicles; Restrictions
- Section 6e - Definitions Applicable to Sections 6e to 6g
- Section 6f - Costs, Expenses and Interest for Insubstantial, Frivolous or Bad Faith Claims or Defenses
- Section 6g - Appeals; Motions for Expenses for Insubstantial, Frivolous or Bad Faith Claims or Defenses
- Section 6h - Interest on Damages
- Section 6i - Interest Rate; Schedule
- Section 7 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
- Section 8 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 158
- Section 9 - Action to Recover Possession of Real Property
- Section 10 To 13 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
- Section 13a - Invalidity of Stipulation Waiving Service of Process or Authorizing Confession of Judgment; Vacation of Judgment
- Section 13b - Ad Damnum or Monetary Amount Claimed
- Section 14 To 20 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
- Section 21 - Pleading Following Answer in Abatement
- Section 22 - Pleading the General Issue; Evidence
- Section 23 To 30 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 77
- Section 31 - Equitable Defenses
- Section 32 To 34 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 78
- Section 35 - Reply Avoiding Defense in Equity
- Section 36 To 38 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 80
- Section 39 - Real and Mixed Actions at Issue in Land Court
- Section 40, 41 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 82
- Section 42 - Endorsement of Pleading or Process Before Filing or Entry; Residence
- Section 43 - Late Endorsement of Pleading or Process
- Section 44 - Endorsement When Plaintiff Removes From Commonwealth
- Section 45 - Procuring New Responsible Endorser
- Section 46 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 168
- Section 47 - Dismissal on Failure to Obtain Endorser
- Section 48 - Substitute Endorser
- Section 49, 50 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 84
- Section 51 - Amendments as to Parties, Process or Pleading
- Section 52 - Amendment After Demurrer
- Section 53, 54 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
- Section 55 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 170
- Section 56 To 58 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
- Section 58a - Notice of Default to Company Issuing Motor Vehicle Liability Policy or Bond; Assessment of Damages Deferred
- Section 59 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
- Section 59a - Advancing Action for Speedy Trial
- Section 59b - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
- Section 59c - Request of Either Party
- Section 59d - Speedy Trial of Actions Involving Election Laws
- Section 59e - Request of Either Party
- Section 59f - Speedy Trial for Persons Sixty-Five Years of Age or Older
- Section 59g - Dismissal for Failure to File a Timely Request for Trial; Vacation of Judgment
- Section 59h - Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation; Special Motion to Dismiss
- Section 60, 60a - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 178
- Section 60b - Malpractice Actions Against Providers of Health Care; Tribunal
- Section 60c - Malpractice Complaints; Ad Damnum Prohibited
- Section 60d - Claim by Minor Against Provider of Health Care; Limitations
- Section 60e - Malpractice Action; Professional Examination of Claimant
- Section 60f - Award of Damages; Elements and Itemization of Amounts
- Section 60g - Reduction of Award of Damages; Collateral Sources of Benefits
- Section 60h - Limitation of Damages for Pain and Suffering
- Section 60i - Attorney Fees; Limitations on Contingency Fees
- Section 60j - Negligence Actions for Serving Alcoholic Beverages to Minors or Intoxicated Persons; Summary Judgments
- Section 60k - Actions for Malpractice, Negligence, Etc. Against Health Care Providers; Damages; Rate of Interest
- Section 60l - Written Notice Requirement for Actions Against Health Care Providers as Defined in Seventh Paragraph of Sec. 60b; Time for Filing; Exceptions; Contents; Provider's Access to Medical Records; Written Response
- Section 61 - Filing Interrogatories
- Section 62 - Answers to Interrogatories
- Section 63 - Rules Governing Use of Interrogatories
- Section 64 - Failure to Answer or to Amend or Expunge Answer
- Section 65 - Person Answering Interrogatories When Corporation, Municipal Corporation, Minor or Incompetent Is Party
- Section 66 - Order for Costs
- Section 67 - Non-Disclosure of Information Not Pertinent
- Section 68 - Inspecting Documents
- Section 69 - Demand for Admissions; Answer to Demand or Refusal of Admissions; Costs
- Section 70 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 91
- Section 71 - Motions and Interlocutory Orders
- Section 72 - Agreements Regarding Amendments and Trial Procedure
- Section 73 - Repealed, 1932, 180, Sec. 40
- Section 74 To 76 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 94
- Section 77 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 185
- Section 78 - Repealed, 1932, 180, Sec. 40
- Section 79 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 94
- Section 80 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 187
- Section 81 - Charges as to Facts, Etc.
- Section 82 - Designation of Place of Trial
- Section 83 - Interrupting Examination of Witnesses
- Section 84 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 189
- Section 84a - Consolidation of Actions Involving Same Subject Matter
- Section 85 - Comparative Negligence; Limited Effect of Contributory Negligence as Defense
- Section 85a - Prima Facie Evidence of Owner's Responsibility for Operation of Motor Vehicle
- Section 85b - Action for Consequential Damages; Presumption of Automobile Owner's Responsibility
- Section 85c - Action to Enforce Liability Policy or Bond; Presumption of Insured's Consent to Operation of Vehicle
- Section 85d - Imputing Negligence of Parent or Custodian to Infant
- Section 85e - Motor Vehicles; Defenses in Subrogation Claims
- Section 85f - Imputation of Negligence of Operator of Motor Vehicle to Passenger-Owner
- Section 85g - Parents' Liability for Willful Acts of Minor Children
- Section 85h - Leased Property; Failure to Return; Conversion; Presumption
- Section 85i - Emergency Care, Etc. of Injured Persons by Members of Ski Patrols; Exemption From Civil Liability
- Section 85j - Fraud or Deceit in Sale of Personal Property; Treble Damages
- Section 85k - Limitation of Tort Liability of Certain Charitable Organizations; Liability of Directors, Officers or Trustees of Educational Institutions
- Section 85l - Recovery of Damages Against Operator of Motor Vehicle by Guest; Ordinary Negligence
- Section 85m - Disclaimers of Liability by Parking Facilities Not a Defense and Void
- Section 85n - Liability of Licensed Members of Certain Professional Societies and Committees for Damages Resulting From Official Acts
- Section 85o - Contracts; Age of Legal Capacity and Liability in Civil Actions
- Section 85p - Age of Majority; Legal Capacity
- Section 85p1/2 - Child Performers; Contracts; Court Approval
- Section 85q - Standard of Care Owed Children; Maintenance of Artificial Condition Upon Land
- Section 85r - Boat Races or Regattas; Liability for Injuries
- Section 85r1/2 - Liability for Damage to Property as a Result of Shoplifting or Attempted Larceny; Recovery
- Section 85s - Physical Alteration or Destruction of Fine Art
- Section 85t - Negligence Action for Serving Alcohol to Intoxicated Person Prohibited; Exceptions
- Section 85u - Death or Injury to Unlawful Dwelling Occupants; Liability of Lawful Occupants
- Section 85v - Sports Program Volunteers' Liability; Definitions
- Section 85w - Officers and Directors of Charitable Corporations; Tort Liability
- Section 85x - Loss of Consortium of a Dependent Child; Cause of Action
- Section 85y - Child Care Facilities; Liability of Owner of Property for Injury or Damage on Premises
- Section 85z - Conveyances Without Fair Consideration by Persons in Contempt of an Order or Judgment for Child Support; Civil Action
- Section 85aa - Liability of Registered Rescue Volunteers
- Section 85bb - False Claim of Hours Worked Knowingly Submitted by Law Enforcement Officer
- Section 86 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 96
- Section 87 - Pleadings as Evidence; Effect
- Section 88 - Effect of Unaccepted Offer of Judgment
- Section 89 - Use at Trial of Answers to Interrogatories
- Section 90 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 98
- Section 91 - Effect of Unproved Defense of Truth in Action of Slander or Libel; Proof of Statements Not Contained in Pleadings
- Section 91a - Radio or Television Broadcast; Liability of Owner of Station, Etc.
- Section 91b - Statement Relating to Bank Loan for Purchase of Goods or Services as Defense to Claim for Libel
- Section 92 - Truth as Justification for Libel
- Section 93 - Retraction of Libel; Mitigation of Damages; Punitive Damages
- Section 94 - Evidence in Mitigation of Damages
- Section 94a - Probable Cause as Defence in Action for False Arrest
- Section 94b - False Arrest; Shoplifting; Defrauding Innkeepers; Defenses
- Section 94c - False Arrest; Theft of Public Records; Defenses
- Section 95 - Defense to Action on Default Judgment
- Section 96 - Relief From Final Judgment; Vacation; Effect of Attachment
- Section 96a - Repealed, 1947, 361
- Section 97 - Appeal to Superior Court
- Section 98 - Appeal Bond
- Section 99 - Deposit in Lieu of Appeal Bond
- Section 100 - Repealed, 1931, 426, Sec. 111
- Section 101 - Record on Appeal to Superior Court; Transmission
- Section 102 - Docket Entries on Taking Appeal
- Section 102a - Repealed, 1943, 296, Sec. 3
- Section 102b - Repealed, 1958, 369, Sec. 2
- Section 102c - Transfer of Action From Superior Court; Trial; Decision; Notice; Judgment; Retransfer; Trial
- Section 103 - Waiver of Jury Trial and Right of Appeal in Cases Brought in District Court
- Section 104 - Removal From District Court to Superior Court
- Section 104a - Multiple Judgments Specification for Removal to Superior Court
- Section 105 - Repealed, 1956, 302, Sec. 2
- Section 106 - Deposit in Lieu of Removal Bond
- Section 107 - Circumstances Making Removal Bond Unnecessary
- Section 108 - Appellate Divisions of District Courts; Assignment and Compensation of Justices; Procedure
- Section 109 - Appeal to Appeals Court From Appellate Division
- Section 110 - Powers of Appellate Division
- Section 110a To 110c - Repealed, 1931, 426, Sec. 119
- Section 111 - Report by Single Justice
- Section 112 - Report by Single Justice of Supreme Judicial Court
- Section 112a - Appellate Proceedings Upon Report; Application of Rules of Appellate Procedure
- Section 112b - Objections to Rulings or Orders
- Section 113 - Appeal From Final Judgment of Superior Court, Land Court and Housing Courts
- Section 114 - Appeal From Final Judgment of Single Justice of Supreme Judicial Court
- Section 115 - Disposition of Judgment on Appeal; Stay of Execution
- Section 116 - Protective Orders Pending Appeal
- Section 117 - Temporary Appellate Relief From Final Judgments Pending Appeal
- Section 118 - Temporary Appellate Relief From Interlocutory Orders; Appeals to Appeals Court or Supreme Judicial Court
- Section 118a - Appeal From Interlocutory Order for Equitable Relief
- Section 119 - Harmless Error; Disposition of Judgment on Appeal
- Section 120 To 123 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 203
- Section 124 - Determination of Questions of Law by Full Court on Appeal
- Section 125 - Appellate Court's Powers of Amendment; Additional Testimony
- Section 125a - Further Report of Material Facts in Equity and Probate Appeals
- Section 126 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
- Section 127 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 109
- Section 128, 129 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
- Section 130 - Costs on Refusal of New Trial
- Section 131 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
- Section 132 - Error Not Affecting Substantial Rights; Partial New Trial
- Section 133 To 137 - Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
- Section 138 - Amendment of Pleadings; Notice and Hearing Requisite to Bind Certain Persons; Appeal
- Section 139 - Representation of Corporate Party by Officer or Agent
- Section 140 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 110
- Section 140a - Conclusiveness of Consent Judgment in Automobile Case
- Section 140b - Advance Payments or Settlements of Claims by Insurers; Effect Upon Liability; Admissibility as Evidence; Credit Upon Judgment; Notice of Limitations to Claimant by Insurer; Accrual of Cause of Action
- Section 140c - Settlement or Partial Payment by Insurer as Admission of Liability
- Section 140c1/2 - Settlement of Claim of Minor or Incompetent; Judicial Powers; Petition for Settlement Approval
- Section 141 To 147 - Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 110
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