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2006 Massachusetts Code - CHAPTER 231. — PLEADING AND PRACTICE.

Section 1 — 1A. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 73.
Section 2--5. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 73.
Section 6. Assignee of claim assigned by executor or administrator — proceedings.
Section 6A. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 75.
Section 6B. Interest added to damages in tort actions.
Section 6C. Interest added to damages in contract actions.
Section 6D. Damages for pain and suffering in tort actions arising out ofoperation — etc., of motor vehicles; restrictions.
Section 6E. Definitions applicable to secs. 6E—6G.
Section 6F. Costs — expenses and interest for insubstantial, frivolous or bad faithclaims or defenses.
Section 6G. Appeals; motions for expenses for insubstantial — frivolous or bad faith claims or defenses.
Section 6H. Interest on damages.
Section 6I. Interest rate; schedule.
Section 7. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 75.
Section 8. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 158.
Section 9. Action to recover possession of real property.
Section 10--13. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 75.
Section 13A. Invalidity of stipulation waiving service of process or authorizingconfession of judgment; vacation of judgment.
Section 13B. Ad damnum or monetary amount claimed.
Section 14. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 75.
Section 15--19. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 75.
Section 20. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 75.
Section 21. Pleading following answer in abatement.
Section 22. Pleading the general issue; evidence.
Section 23--30. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 77.
Section 31. Equitable defenses.
Section 32--34. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 78.
Section 35. Reply avoiding defense in equity.
Section 36--38. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 80.
Section 39. Real and mixed actions at issue in land court.
Section 40 — 41. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 82.
Section 42. Endorsement of pleading or process before filing or entry; residence.
Section 43. Late endorsement of pleading or process.
Section 44. Endorsement when plaintiff removes from commonwealth.
Section 45. Procuring new responsible endorser.
Section 46. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 168.
Section 47. Dismissal on failure to obtain endorser.
Section 48. Substitute endorser.
Section 49 — 50. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 84.
Section 51. Amendments as to parties — process or pleading.
Section 52. Amendment after demurrer.
Section 53 — 54. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87.
Section 55. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 170.
Section 56. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 87.
Section 57 — 58. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87.
Section 58A. Notice of default to company issuing motor vehicle liability policy orbond; assessment of damages deferred.
Section 59. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 87.
Section 59A. Advancing action for speedy trial.
Section 59B. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 87.
Section 59C. Speedy trial of certain actions at request of either party.
Section 59D. Speedy trial of actions involving election laws.
Section 59E. Request of either party.
Section 59F. Speedy trial for persons sixty-five years of age or older.
Section 59G. Vacation of judgement of dismissal upon request for trial.
Section 59H. Special motion to dismiss; claims based on party'sright of petition.
Section 60. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 178.
Section 60A. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 178.
Section 60B. Malpractice actions against providers of health care; tribunal.
Section 60C. Malpractice complaints; ad damnum prohibited.
Section 60D. Claim by minor against provider of health care; limitations.
Section 60E. Malpractice action; professional examination of claimant.
Section 60F. Award of damages; elements and itemization of amounts.
Section 60G. Reduction of award of damages; collateral sources ofbenefits.
Section 60H. Limitation of damages for pain and suffering.
Section 60I. Attorney fees; limitations on contingency fees.
Section 60J. Negligence actions for serving alcoholic beverages to minors orintoxicated persons; summary judgments.
Section 61. Filing interrogatories.
Section 62. Answers to interrogatories.
Section 63. Rules governing use of interrogatories.
Section 64. Failure to answer or to amend or expunge answer.
Section 65. Person answering interrogatories when corporation — municipal corporation,minor or incompetent is party.
Section 66. Order for costs.
Section 67. Non-disclosure of information not pertinent.
Section 68. Inspecting documents.
Section 69. Demand for admissions; answer to demand or refusal of admissions; costs.
Section 70. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 91.
Section 71. Motions and interlocutory orders.
Section 72. Agreements regarding amendments and trial procedure.
Section 73. Repealed — 1932, 180, Sec. 40.
Section 74 — 75. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 94.
Section 76. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 94.
Section 77. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 185.
Section 78. Repealed — 1932, 180, Sec. 40.
Section 79. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 94.
Section 80. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 187.
Section 81. Charges as to facts — etc.
Section 82. Designation of place of trial.
Section 83. Interrupting examination of witnesses.
Section 84. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 189.
Section 84A. Consolidation of actions involving same subject matter.
Section 85. Comparative negligence; limited effect of contributory negligence asdefense.
Section 85A. Prima facie evidence of owner's responsibility for operation of motorvehicle.
Section 85B. Action for consequential damages; presumption of automobile owner'sresponsibility.
Section 85C. Action to enforce liability policy or bond; presumption of insured'sconsent to operation of vehicle.
Section 85D. Imputing negligence of parent or custodian to infant.
Section 85E. Motor vehicles; defenses in subrogation claims.
Section 85F. Imputation of negligence of operator of motor vehicle to passenger-owner.
Section 85G. Parents' liability for willful acts of minor children.
Section 85H. Leased property; failure to return; conversion; presumption.
Section 85I. Emergency care — etc. of injured persons by members of ski patrols;exemption from civil liability.
Section 85J. Fraud or deceit in sale of personal property; treble damages.
Section 85K. Limitation of tort liability of certain charitable organizations;liability of directors — officers or trustees of educational institutions.
Section 85L. Recovery of damages against operator of motor vehicle by guest; ordinarynegligence.
Section 85M. Disclaimers of liability by parking facilities not a defense and void.
Section 85N. Liability of licensed members of certain professional societies andcommittees for damages resulting from official acts.
Section 85O. Contracts; age of legal capacity and liability in civil actions.
Section 85P. Age of majority; legal capacity.
Section 85P½. Probate and family court approval of contracts betweenchild entertainers and contracting entities.
Section 85Q. Standard of care owed children; maintenance of artificial condition uponland.
Section 85R. Boat races or regattas; liability for injuries.
Section 85R½. Liability for damage to property as a result of shoplifting or attemptedlarceny; recovery.
Section 85S. Physical alteration or destruction of fine art.
Section 85T. Negligence action for serving alcohol to intoxicated person prohibited;exceptions.
Section 85U. Death or injury to unlawful dwelling occupants; liability of lawfuloccupants.
Section 85V. Sports program volunteers' liability; definitions.
Section 85W. Officers and directors of charitable corporations; tortliability.
Section 85X. Cause of action for loss of consortium of child.
Section 85Y. Injury or damage sustained on child care facilitypremises; liability of property owner.
Section 86. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 96.
Section 87. Pleadings as evidence; effect.
Section 88. Effect of unaccepted offer of judgment.
Section 89. Use at trial of answers to interrogatories.
Section 90. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 98.
Section 91. Effect of unproved defense of truth in action of slander or libel; proofof statements not contained in pleadings.
Section 91A. Radio or television broadcast;liability of owner of station — etc.
Section 91B. Statement relating to bank loan for purchase of goods or services asdefense to claim for libel.
Section 92. Truth as justification for libel.
Section 93. Retraction of libel; mitigation of damages; punitive damages.
Section 94. Evidence in mitigation of damages.
Section 94A. Probable cause as defence in action for false arrest.
Section 94B. False arrest; shoplifting; defrauding innkeepers; defenses.
Section 94C. False arrest; theft of public records; defenses.
Section 95. Defense to action on default judgment.
Section 96. Relief from final judgment; vacation; effect of attachment.
Section 96A. Repealed — 1947, 361.
Section 97. Appeal to superior court.
Section 98. Appeal bond.
Section 99. Deposit in lieu of appeal bond.
Section 100. Repealed — 1931, 426, Sec. 111.
Section 101. Record on appeal to superior court; transmission.
Section 102. Docket entries on taking appeal.
Section 102A. Repealed — 1943, 296, Sec. 3.
Section 102B. Repealed — 1958, 369, Sec. 2.
Section 102C. Transfer of action from superior court; trial; decision; notice; judgment;retransfer; trial.
Section 103. Waiver of jury trial and right of appeal in cases brought in district court.
Section 104. Removal from district court to superior court.
Section 104A. Multiple judgments; specification for removal to superior court.
Section 105. Repealed — 1956, 302, Sec. 2.
Section 106. Deposit in lieu of removal bond.
Section 107. Circumstances making removal bond unnecessary.
Section 108. Appellate divisions of district courts; assignment and compensation ofjustices; procedure for reporting cases.
Section 109. Appeal to appeals court from appellate division.
Section 110. Powers of appellate division.
Section 110A--110C. Repealed — 1931, 426, Sec. 119.
Section 111. Report by single justice.
Section 112. Report by single justice of supreme judicial court.
Section 112A. Appellate proceedings upon report; application of Rules of AppellateProcedure.
Section 112B. Objections to rulings or orders.
Section 113. Appeal from final judgment of superior court — land court and housing courts.
Section 114. Appeal from final judgment of single justice of supreme judicial court.
Section 115. Disposition of judgment on appeal; stay of execution.
Section 116. Protective orders pending appeal.
Section 117. Temporary appellate relief from final judgments pending appeal.
Section 118. Temporary appellate relief from interlocutory orders; appeals toappealscourt or supreme judicial court.
Section 119. Harmless error; disposition of judgment on appeal.
Section 120 — 121. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 203.
Section 122 — 123. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 203.
Section 124. Determination of questions of law by full court on appeal.
Section 125. Appellate court's powers of amendment; additional testimony.
Section 125A. Further report of material facts in equity and probate appeals.
Section 126. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 127. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 109.
Section 128 — 129. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 130. Costs on refusal of new trial.
Section 131. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 132. Error not affecting substantial rights; partial new trial.
Section 133. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 134. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 135. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 136. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 137. Repealed — 1973, 1114, Sec. 205.
Section 138. Amendment of pleadings; notice and hearing requisite to bind certainpersons; appeal.
Section 139. Representation of corporate party by officer or agent.
Section 140. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 110.
Section 140A. Conclusiveness of consent judgment in automobile case.
Section 140B. Advance payments or settlements of claims by insurers; effect uponliability; admissibility as evidence; credit upon judgment; notice oflimitations to claimant by insurer; accrual of cause of action.
Section 140C. Settlement or partial payment by insurer as admission of liability.
Section 140C½. Court approval of personal injury settlements of claims ofminors or incompetent persons.
Section 141--146A. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 110.
Section 147. Repealed — 1975, 377, Sec. 110.

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