There is a newer version of the Iowa Code
2009 Iowa Code
Title 6 - Human Services
Subtitle 5 - Juveniles
CHAPTER 232 - JUVENILE JUSTICE
232.2 - DEFINITIONS.
232.2 DEFINITIONS.
As used in this chapter unless the context otherwise requires:
1. "Abandonment of a child" means the relinquishment or
surrender, without reference to any particular person, of the
parental rights, duties, or privileges inherent in the parent-child
relationship. Proof of abandonment must include both the intention
to abandon and the acts by which the intention is evidenced. The
term does not require that the relinquishment or surrender be over
any particular period of time.
2. "Adjudicatory hearing" means a hearing to determine if the
allegations of a petition are true.
3. "Adult" means a person other than a child.
4. "Case permanency plan" means the plan, mandated by Pub. L.
No. 96-272 and Pub. L. No. 105-89, as codified in 42 U.S.C. §
622(b)(10), 671(a)(16), and 675(1),(5), which is designed to achieve
placement in the most appropriate, least restrictive, and most
family-like setting available and in close proximity to the parent's
home, consistent with the best interests and special needs of the
child, and which considers the placement's proximity to the school in
which the child is enrolled at the time of placement. The plan shall
be developed by the department or agency involved and the child's
parent, guardian, or custodian. The plan shall specifically include
all of the following:
a. Plans for carrying out the voluntary placement agreement
or judicial determination pursuant to which the child entered care.
b. The type and appropriateness of the placement and services
to be provided to the child.
c. The care and services that will be provided to the child,
biological parents, and foster parents.
d. How the care and services will meet the needs of the child
while in care and will facilitate the child's return home or other
permanent placement.
e. The most recent information available regarding the
child's health and education records, including the date the records
were supplied to the agency or individual who is the child's foster
care provider. If the child remains in foster care until the age of
majority, the child is entitled to receive prior to discharge the
most recent information available regarding the child's health and
educational records.
f. (1) When a child is sixteen years of age or older, a
written transition plan of services which, based upon an assessment
of the child's needs, would assist the child in preparing for the
transition from foster care to adulthood. The transition plan and
needs assessment shall be developed with a focus on the services,
other support, and actions necessary to facilitate the child's
successful entry into adulthood. The transition plan shall be
personalized at the direction of the child and shall be developed
with the child present, honoring the goals and concerns of the child,
and shall address the following areas of need when the child becomes
an adult, including but not limited to all of the following:
(a) Education.
(b) Employment services and other workforce support.
(c) Health and health care coverage.
(d) Housing.
(e) Relationships, including local opportunities to have a
mentor.
(f) If the needs assessment indicates the child is reasonably
likely to need or be eligible for services or other support from the
adult service system upon reaching age eighteen, the transition plan
shall provide for the child's application for adult services.
(2) The transition plan shall be considered a working document
and shall be reviewed and updated for each permanency hearing by the
court or other formal case permanency plan review. The transition
plan shall also be reviewed and updated during the ninety
calendar-day period preceding the child's eighteenth birthday and
during the ninety calendar-day period immediately preceding the date
the child is expected to exit foster care, if the child remains in
foster care after the child's eighteenth birthday. The transition
plan may be reviewed and updated more frequently.
(3) The transition plan shall be developed and reviewed by the
department in collaboration with a child-centered transition team.
The transition team shall be comprised of the child's caseworker and
persons selected by the child, persons who have knowledge of services
available to the child, and any person who may reasonably be expected
to be a service provider for the child when the child becomes an
adult or to become responsible for the costs of services at that
time. If the child is reasonably likely to need or be eligible for
adult services, the transition team membership shall include
representatives from the adult services system. The adult services
system representatives may include but are not limited to the
administrator of county general relief under chapter 251 or 252 or of
the central point of coordination process implemented under section
331.440. The membership of the transition team and the meeting dates
for the team shall be documented in the transition plan.
(4) The final transition plan shall specifically identify how the
need for housing will be addressed.
(5) If the child is interested in pursuing higher education, the
transition plan shall provide for the child's participation in the
college student aid commission's program of assistance in applying
for federal and state aid under section 261.2.
(6) If the needs assessment indicates the child is reasonably
likely to need or be eligible for services or other support from the
adult service system upon reaching age eighteen, the transition plan
shall be reviewed and approved by the transition committee for the
area in which the child resides, in accordance with section 235.7,
before the child reaches age seventeen and one-half. The transition
committee's review and approval shall be indicated in the case
permanency plan.
(7) Provision for the department or a designee of the department
on or before the date the child reaches age eighteen to provide to
the child a certified copy of the child's birth certificate and to
facilitate securing a federal social security card. The fee for the
certified copy that is otherwise chargeable under section 144.13A,
144.46, or 331.605 shall be waived by the state or county registrar.
g. The actions expected of the parent, guardian, or custodian
in order for the department or agency to recommend that the court
terminate a dispositional order for the child's out-of-home placement
and for the department or agency to end its involvement with the
child and the child's family.
h. If reasonable efforts to place a child for adoption or
with a guardian are made concurrently with reasonable efforts as
defined in section 232.102, the concurrent goals and timelines may be
identified. Concurrent case permanency plan goals for reunification,
and for adoption or for other permanent out-of-home placement of a
child shall not be considered inconsistent in that the goals reflect
divergent possible outcomes for a child in an out-of-home placement.
i. A provision that a designee of the department or other
person responsible for placement of a child out-of-state shall visit
the child at least once every six months.
j. If it has been determined that the child cannot return to
the child's home, documentation of the steps taken to make and
finalize an adoption or other permanent placement.
k. If it is part of the child's records or it is otherwise
known that the child has behaved in a manner that threatened the
safety of another person, has committed a violent act causing bodily
injury to another person, or has been a victim or perpetrator of
sexual abuse, that information shall be addressed in the plan and
shall be provided to the child's parent, guardian, or foster parent
or other person with custody of the child. The information shall be
provided whether the child's placement is voluntary or made pursuant
to a court determination. The information shall be provided at the
time it is learned by the department or agency developing the plan
and, if possible, at the time of the child's placement. The
information shall only be withheld if ordered by the court or it is
determined by the department or agency developing the plan that
providing the information would be detrimental to the child or to the
family with whom the child is living. In determining whether
providing the information would be detrimental, the court,
department, or agency shall consider any history of abuse within the
child's family or toward the child.
l. The provisions involving sibling visitation or interaction
required under section 232.108.
m. Documentation of the educational stability of the child
while in foster care. The documentation shall include but is not
limited to all of the following:
(1) Evidence there was an evaluation of the appropriateness of
the child's educational setting while in placement and of the
setting's proximity to the educational setting in which the child was
enrolled at the time of placement.
(2) An assurance either that the department coordinated with
appropriate local educational agencies to identify how the child
could remain in the educational setting in which the child was
enrolled at the time of placement or, if it was determined it was not
in the child's best interest to remain in that setting, that the
affected educational agencies would immediately and appropriately
enroll the child in another educational setting during the child's
placement and ensure that the child's educational records were
provided for use in the new educational setting. For the purposes of
this subparagraph, "local educational agencies" means the same as
defined in the federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act of
1965, § 9101, as codified in 20 U.S.C. § 7801(26).
5. "Child" means a person under eighteen years of age.
6. "Child in need of assistance" means an unmarried child:
a. Whose parent, guardian, or other custodian has abandoned
or deserted the child.
b. Whose parent, guardian, other custodian, or other member
of the household in which the child resides has physically abused or
neglected the child, or is imminently likely to abuse or neglect the
child.
c. Who has suffered or is imminently likely to suffer harmful
effects as a result of either of the following:
(1) Mental injury caused by the acts of the child's parent,
guardian, or custodian.
(2) The failure of the child's parent, guardian, custodian, or
other member of the household in which the child resides to exercise
a reasonable degree of care in supervising the child.
d. Who has been, or is imminently likely to be, sexually
abused by the child's parent, guardian, custodian, or other member of
the household in which the child resides.
e. Who is in need of medical treatment to cure, alleviate, or
prevent serious physical injury or illness and whose parent,
guardian, or custodian is unwilling or unable to provide such
treatment.
f. Who is in need of treatment to cure or alleviate serious
mental illness or disorder, or emotional damage as evidenced by
severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or untoward aggressive
behavior toward self or others and whose parent, guardian, or
custodian is unwilling to provide such treatment.
g. Whose parent, guardian, or custodian fails to exercise a
minimal degree of care in supplying the child with adequate food,
clothing, or shelter and refuses other means made available to
provide such essentials.
h. Who has committed a delinquent act as a result of
pressure, guidance, or approval from a parent, guardian, custodian,
or other member of the household in which the child resides.
i. Who has been the subject of or a party to sexual
activities for hire or who poses for live display or for photographic
or other means of pictorial reproduction or display which is designed
to appeal to the prurient interest and is patently offensive; and
taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, scientific, political, or
artistic value.
j. Who is without a parent, guardian, or other custodian.
k. Whose parent, guardian, or other custodian for good cause
desires to be relieved of the child's care and custody.
l. Who for good cause desires to have the child's parents
relieved of the child's care and custody.
m. Who is in need of treatment to cure or alleviate chemical
dependency and whose parent, guardian, or custodian is unwilling or
unable to provide such treatment.
n. Whose parent's or guardian's mental capacity or condition,
imprisonment, or drug or alcohol abuse results in the child not
receiving adequate care.
o. In whose body there is an illegal drug present as a direct
and foreseeable consequence of the acts or omissions of the child's
parent, guardian, or custodian. The presence of the drug shall be
determined in accordance with a medically relevant test as defined in
section 232.73.
p. Whose parent, guardian, or custodian does any of the
following: unlawfully manufactures a dangerous substance in the
presence of a child, knowingly allows such manufacture by another
person in the presence of a child, or in the presence of a child
possesses a product containing ephedrine, its salts, optical isomers,
salts of optical isomers, or pseudoephedrine, its salts, optical
isomers, salts of optical isomers, with the intent to use the product
as a precursor or an intermediary to a dangerous substance.
(1) For the purposes of this paragraph, "in the presence of a
child" means the physical presence of a child during the
manufacture or possession, the manufacture or possession occurred in
a child's home, on the premises, or in a motor vehicle located on the
premises, or the manufacture or possession occurred under other
circumstances in which a reasonably prudent person would know that
the manufacture or possession may be seen, smelled, or heard by a
child.
(2) For the purposes of this paragraph, "dangerous substance"
means any of the following:
(a) Amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers.
(b) Methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers.
(c) A chemical or combination of chemicals that poses a
reasonable risk of causing an explosion, fire, or other danger to the
life or health of persons who are in the vicinity while the chemical
or combination of chemicals is used or is intended to be used in any
of the following:
(i) The process of manufacturing an illegal or controlled
substance.
(ii) As a precursor in the manufacturing of an illegal or
controlled substance.
(iii) As an intermediary in the manufacturing of an illegal or
controlled substance.
q. Who is a newborn infant whose parent has voluntarily
released custody of the child in accordance with chapter 233.
6A. "Chronic runaway" means a child who is reported to law
enforcement as a runaway more than once in any thirty-day period or
three or more times in any year.
7. "Complaint" means an oral or written report which is made
to the juvenile court by any person and alleges that a child is
within the jurisdiction of the court.
8. "Court" means the juvenile court established under section
602.7101.
9. "Court appointed special advocate" means a person duly
certified by the child advocacy board created in section 237.16 for
participation in the court appointed special advocate program and
appointed by the court to represent the interests of a child in any
judicial proceeding to which the child is a party or is called as a
witness or relating to any dispositional order involving the child
resulting from such proceeding.
10. "Criminal or juvenile justice agency" means any agency
which has as its primary responsibility the enforcement of the
state's criminal laws or of local ordinances made pursuant to state
law.
11. a. "Custodian" means a stepparent or a relative within
the fourth degree of consanguinity to a child who has assumed
responsibility for that child, a person who has accepted a release of
custody pursuant to division IV, or a person appointed by a court or
juvenile court having jurisdiction over a child.
b. The rights and duties of a custodian with respect to a
child are as follows:
(1) To maintain or transfer to another the physical possession of
that child.
(2) To protect, train, and discipline that child.
(3) To provide food, clothing, housing, and medical care for that
child.
(4) To consent to emergency medical care, including surgery.
(5) To sign a release of medical information to a health
professional.
c. All rights and duties of a custodian shall be subject to
any residual rights and duties remaining in a parent or guardian.
12. "Delinquent act" means:
a. The violation of any state law or local ordinance which
would constitute a public offense if committed by an adult except any
offense which by law is exempted from the jurisdiction of this
chapter.
b. The violation of a federal law or a law of another state
which violation constitutes a criminal offense if the case involving
that act has been referred to the juvenile court.
c. The violation of section 123.47 which is committed by a
child.
13. "Department" means the department of human services and
includes the local, county, and service area officers of the
department.
14. "Desertion" means the relinquishment or surrender for a
period in excess of six months of the parental rights, duties, or
privileges inherent in the parent-child relationship. Proof of
desertion need not include the intention to desert, but is evidenced
by the lack of attempted contact with the child or by only incidental
contact with the child.
15. "Detention" means the temporary care of a child in a
physically restricting facility designed to ensure the continued
custody of the child at any point between the child's initial contact
with the juvenile authorities and the final disposition of the
child's case.
16. "Detention hearing" means a hearing at which the court
determines whether it is necessary to place or retain a child in
detention.
17. "Director" means the director of the department of human
services or that person's designee.
18. "Dismissal of complaint" means the termination of all
proceedings against a child.
19. "Dispositional hearing" means a hearing held after an
adjudication to determine what dispositional order should be made.
20. "Family in need of assistance" means a family in which
there has been a breakdown in the relationship between a child and
the child's parent, guardian, or custodian.
21. a. "Guardian" means a person who is not the parent of a
child, but who has been appointed by a court or juvenile court having
jurisdiction over the child, to have a permanent self-sustaining
relationship with the child and to make important decisions which
have a permanent effect on the life and development of that child and
to promote the general welfare of that child. A guardian may be a
court or a juvenile court. Guardian does not mean conservator, as
defined in section 633.3, although a person who is appointed to be a
guardian may also be appointed to be a conservator.
b. Unless otherwise enlarged or circumscribed by a court or
juvenile court having jurisdiction over the child or by operation of
law, the rights and duties of a guardian with respect to a child
shall be as follows:
(1) To consent to marriage, enlistment in the armed forces of the
United States, or medical, psychiatric, or surgical treatment.
(2) To serve as guardian ad litem, unless the interests of the
guardian conflict with the interests of the child or unless another
person has been appointed guardian ad litem.
(3) To serve as custodian, unless another person has been
appointed custodian.
(4) To make periodic visitations if the guardian does not have
physical possession or custody of the child.
(5) To consent to adoption and to make any other decision that
the parents could have made when the parent-child relationship
existed.
(6) To make other decisions involving protection, education, and
care and control of the child.
22. a. "Guardian ad litem" means a person appointed by the
court to represent the interests of a child in any judicial
proceeding to which the child is a party, and includes a court
appointed special advocate, except that a court appointed special
advocate shall not file motions or petitions pursuant to section
232.54, subsection 1, paragraphs "a" and "d", section
232.103, subsection 2, paragraph "c", and section 232.111.
b. Unless otherwise enlarged or circumscribed by a court or
juvenile court having jurisdiction over the child or by operation of
law, the duties of a guardian ad litem with respect to a child shall
include the following:
(1) Conducting in-person interviews with the child, if the
child's age is appropriate for the interview, and interviewing each
parent, guardian, or other person having custody of the child, if
authorized by counsel.
(2) Conducting interviews with the child, if the child's age is
appropriate for the interview, prior to any court-ordered hearing.
(3) Visiting the home, residence, or both home and residence of
the child and any prospective home or residence of the child,
including each time placement is changed.
(4) Interviewing any person providing medical, mental health,
social, educational, or other services to the child, before any
hearing referred to in subparagraph (2).
(5) Obtaining firsthand knowledge, if possible, of the facts,
circumstances, and parties involved in the matter in which the person
is appointed guardian ad litem.
(6) Attending any hearings in the matter in which the person is
appointed as the guardian ad litem.
(7) If the child is required to have a transition plan developed
in accordance with the child's case permanency plan and subject to
review and approval of a transition committee under section 235.7,
assisting the transition committee in development of the transition
plan.
c. The order appointing the guardian ad litem shall grant
authorization to the guardian ad litem to interview any relevant
person and inspect and copy any records relevant to the proceedings,
if not prohibited by federal law. The order shall specify that the
guardian ad litem may interview any person providing medical, mental
health, social, educational, or other services to the child, may
attend any departmental staff meeting, case conference, or meeting
with medical or mental health providers, service providers,
organizations, or educational institutions regarding the child, if
deemed necessary by the guardian ad litem, and may inspect and copy
any records relevant to the proceedings.
d. If authorized by the court, a guardian ad litem may
continue a relationship with and provide advice to a child for a
period of time beyond the child's eighteenth birthday.
23. "Health practitioner" means a licensed physician or
surgeon, osteopathic physician or surgeon, dentist, optometrist,
podiatric physician, or chiropractor, a resident or intern of any
such profession, and any registered nurse or licensed practical
nurse.
24. "Informal adjustment" means the disposition of a
complaint without the filing of a petition and may include but is not
limited to the following:
a. Placement of the child on nonjudicial probation.
b. Provision of intake services.
c. Referral of the child to a public or private agency other
than the court for services.
25. "Informal adjustment agreement" means an agreement
between an intake officer, a child who is the subject of a complaint,
and the child's parent, guardian, or custodian providing for the
informal adjustment of the complaint.
26. "Intake" means the preliminary screening of complaints by
an intake officer to determine whether the court should take some
action and if so, what action.
27. "Intake officer" means a juvenile court officer or other
officer appointed by the court to perform the intake function.
28. "Judge" means the judge of a juvenile court.
29. "Juvenile" means the same as "child". However, in
the interstate compact on juveniles, sections 232.171 and 232.172,
"juvenile" means a person defined as a juvenile in the law of a
state which is a party to the compact.
30. "Juvenile court officer" means a person appointed as a
juvenile court officer under section 602.7202 and a chief juvenile
court officer appointed under section 602.1217.
31. "Juvenile court social records" or "social records"
means all records made with respect to a child in connection with
proceedings over which the court has jurisdiction under this chapter
other than official records and includes but is not limited to the
records made and compiled by intake officers, predisposition reports,
and reports of physical and mental examinations.
32. "Juvenile detention home" means a physically restricting
facility used only for the detention of children.
33. "Juvenile parole officer" means a person representing an
agency which retains jurisdiction over the case of a child
adjudicated to have committed a delinquent act, placed in a secure
facility and subsequently released, who supervises the activities of
the child until the case is dismissed.
34. "Juvenile shelter care home" means a physically
unrestricting facility used only for the shelter care of children.
35. "Mental injury" means a nonorganic injury to a child's
intellectual or psychological capacity as evidenced by an observable
and substantial impairment in the child's ability to function within
the child's normal range of performance and behavior, considering the
child's cultural origin.
36. "Nonjudicial probation" means the informal adjustment of
a complaint which involves the supervision of the child who is the
subject of the complaint by an intake officer or juvenile court
officer for a period during which the child may be required to comply
with specified conditions concerning the child's conduct and
activities.
37. "Nonsecure facility" means a physically unrestricting
facility in which children may be placed pursuant to a dispositional
order of the court made in accordance with the provisions of this
chapter.
38. "Official juvenile court records" or "official
records" means official records of the court of proceedings over
which the court has jurisdiction under this chapter which includes
but is not limited to the following:
a. The docket of the court and entries therein.
b. Complaints, petitions, other pleadings, motions, and
applications filed with a court.
c. Any summons, notice, subpoena, or other process and proofs
of publication.
d. Transcripts of proceedings before the court.
e. Findings, judgments, decrees, and orders of the court.
39. "Parent" means a biological or adoptive mother or father
of a child but does not include a mother or father whose parental
rights have been terminated.
40. "Peace officer" means a law enforcement officer or a
person designated as a peace officer by a provision of the Code.
41. "Petition" means a pleading the filing of which initiates
formal judicial proceedings in the juvenile court.
42. "Physical abuse or neglect" or "abuse or neglect"
means any nonaccidental physical injury suffered by a child as the
result of the acts or omissions of the child's parent, guardian, or
custodian or other person legally responsible for the child.
42A. "Preadoptive care" means the provision of parental
nurturing on a full-time basis to a child in foster care by a person
who has signed a preadoptive placement agreement with the department
for the purposes of proceeding with a legal adoption of the child.
Parental nurturing includes but is not limited to furnishing of food,
lodging, training, education, treatment, and other care.
43. "Predisposition investigation" means an investigation
conducted for the purpose of collecting information relevant to the
court's fashioning of an appropriate disposition of a delinquency
case over which the court has jurisdiction.
44. "Predisposition report" is a report furnished to the
court which contains the information collected during a
predisposition investigation.
45. "Probation" means a legal status which is created by a
dispositional order of the court in a case where a child has been
adjudicated to have committed a delinquent act, which exists for a
specified period of time, and which places the child under the
supervision of a juvenile court officer or other person or agency
designated by the court. The probation order may require a child to
comply with specified conditions imposed by the court concerning
conduct and activities, subject to being returned to the court for
violation of those conditions.
46. "Registry" means the central registry for child abuse
information as established under chapter 235A.
47. "Residual parental rights and responsibilities" means
those rights and responsibilities remaining with the parent after
transfer of legal custody or guardianship of the person of the child.
These include but are not limited to the right of visitation, the
right to consent to adoption, and the responsibility for support.
48. "Secure facility" means a physically restricting facility
in which children adjudicated to have committed a delinquent act may
be placed pursuant to a dispositional order of the court.
49. "Sexual abuse" means the commission of a sex offense as
defined by the penal law.
50. "Shelter care" means the temporary care of a child in a
physically unrestricting facility at any time between a child's
initial contact with juvenile authorities and the final judicial
disposition of the child's case.
51. "Shelter care hearing" means a hearing at which the court
determines whether it is necessary to place or retain a child in
shelter care.
52. "Sibling" means an individual who is related to another
individual by blood, adoption, or affinity through a common legal or
biological parent.
53. "Social investigation" means an investigation conducted
for the purpose of collecting information relevant to the court's
fashioning of an appropriate disposition of a child in need of
assistance case over which the court has jurisdiction.
54. "Social report" means a report furnished to the court
which contains the information collected during a social
investigation.
55. "Taking into custody" means an act which would be
governed by the laws of arrest under the criminal code if the subject
of the act were an adult. The taking into custody of a child is
subject to all constitutional and statutory protections which are
afforded an adult upon arrest.
56. "Termination hearing" means a hearing held to determine
whether the court should terminate a parent-child relationship.
57. "Termination of the parent-child relationship" means the
divestment by the court of the parent's and child's privileges,
duties, and powers with respect to each other.
58. "Voluntary placement" means a foster care placement in
which the department provides foster care services to a child
according to a signed placement agreement between the department and
the child's parent or guardian.
59. "Waiver hearing" means a hearing at which the court
determines whether it shall waive its jurisdiction over a child
alleged to have committed a delinquent act so that the state may
prosecute the child as if the child were an adult. Section History: Early Form
[S13, § 254-a14, -a21; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, § 3618, 3619, 3620,
3638; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, § 232.2, 232.3, 232.4, 232.22; C66, 71,
73, 75, 77, 79, 81, § 232.2; 82 Acts, ch 1209, § 1] Section History: Recent Form
83 Acts, ch 96, § 157, 159; 83 Acts, ch 186, § 10054, 10055,
10201; 84 Acts, ch 1279, § 1, 2; 87 Acts, ch 121, § 1, 2; 88 Acts, ch
1134, §46, 47; 89 Acts, ch 169, § 1; 89 Acts, ch 229, § 1--4; 89
Acts, ch 230, § 1, 2; 90 Acts, ch 1251, § 22; 91 Acts, ch 232, § 1;
92 Acts, ch 1231, § 10; 93 Acts, ch 93, §1; 94 Acts, ch 1046, §1, 2;
94 Acts, ch 1172, §12; 95 Acts, ch 108, § 16; 95 Acts, ch 147, § 3;
95 Acts, ch 182, § 1, 2, 6; 95 Acts, ch 191, § 7; 96 Acts, ch 1092, §
1; 97 Acts, ch 90, §1; 97 Acts, ch 126, §10; 97 Acts, ch 164, §1; 98
Acts, ch 1019, §1; 98 Acts, ch 1047, §21; 98 Acts, ch 1190, §1--3; 99
Acts, ch 164, §1; 99 Acts, ch 208, §33, 34; 2000 Acts, ch 1067, §4,
5; 2000 Acts, ch 1232, §56; 2001 Acts, ch 46, §1; 2001 Acts, ch 67,
§7, 13; 2002 Acts, ch 1081, §1; 2002 Acts, ch 1162, §16; 2003 Acts,
ch 117, §1--3; 2004 Acts, ch 1090, §33; 2004 Acts, ch 1116, §3; 2005
Acts, ch 117, §2, 4; 2005 Acts, ch 124, §1; 2007 Acts, ch 67, §1, 2;
2007 Acts, ch 172, §2, 3; 2008 Acts, ch 1088, § 141; 2008 Acts, ch
1112, § 1; 2008 Acts, ch 1187, § 131; 2009 Acts, ch 41, §231, 232;
2009 Acts, ch 120, §1, 2
Referred to in § 13B.9, 135.119, 232.68, 232.82, 232.83, 232.98,
232.102, 232.117, 232.147, 232.149, 235.7, 235A.15, 237.3, 237.15,
282.30, 709A.5, 915.37
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