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2005 Illinois Code - Chapter 750 Families 750 ILCS 45/      Illinois Parentage Act of 1984.

    (750 ILCS 45/1) (from Ch. 40, par. 2501)
    Sec. 1. Short Title. This Act shall be known and may be cited as the "Illinois Parentage Act of 1984".
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/1.1) (from Ch. 40, par. 2501.1)
    Sec. 1.1. Public Policy. Illinois recognizes the right of every child to the physical, mental, emotional and monetary support of his or her parents under this Act.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/2) (from Ch. 40, par. 2502)
    Sec. 2. Parent and Child Relationship Defined. As used in this Act, "parent and child relationship" means the legal relationship existing between a child and his natural or adoptive parents incident to which the law confers or imposes rights, privileges, duties, and obligations. It includes the mother and child relationship and the father and child relationship.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/2.5)
    Sec. 2.5. Definitions. As used in this Act, the terms "gestational surrogacy", "gestational surrogate", and "intended parent" have the same meanings as the terms are defined in Section 10 of the Gestational Surrogacy Act.
(Source: P.A. 93‑921, eff. 1‑1‑05.)

    (750 ILCS 45/3) (from Ch. 40, par. 2503)
    Sec. 3. Relationship and Support Not Dependent on Marriage. The parent and child relationship, including support obligations, extends equally to every child and to every parent, regardless of the marital status of the parents.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/3.1) (from Ch. 40, par. 2503.1)
    Sec. 3.1. A child's mother or a person found to be the father of a child under this Act, is not relieved of support and maintenance obligations to the child because he or she is a minor.
(Source: P.A. 87‑537.)

    (750 ILCS 45/4) (from Ch. 40, par. 2504)
    Sec. 4. How Parent and Child Relationship Established. The parent and child relationship between a child and
    (1) the natural mother may be established by proof of her having given birth to the child, or under this Act;
    (2) the natural father may be established under this Act;
    (3) an adoptive parent may be established by proof of adoption, or by records established pursuant to Section 16 of the "Vital Records Act", approved August 8, 1961, as amended.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/4.1)
    Sec. 4.1. Administrative paternity determinations. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the Illinois Department of Public Aid may make administrative determinations of paternity and nonpaternity in accordance with Section 10‑17.7 of the Illinois Public Aid Code. These determinations of paternity or nonpaternity shall have the full force and effect of judgments entered under this Act.
(Source: P.A. 88‑687, eff. 1‑24‑95.)

    (750 ILCS 45/5) (from Ch. 40, par. 2505)
    Sec. 5. Presumption of Paternity.
    (a) A man is presumed to be the natural father of a child if:
        (1) he and the child's natural mother are or have
    
been married to each other, even though the marriage is or could be declared invalid, and the child is born or conceived during such marriage;
        (2) after the child's birth, he and the child's
    
natural mother have married each other, even though the marriage is or could be declared invalid, and he is named, with his written consent, as the child's father on the child's birth certificate;
        (3) he and the child's natural mother have signed an
    
acknowledgment of paternity in accordance with rules adopted by the Illinois Department of Public Aid under Section 10‑17.7 of the Illinois Public Aid Code; or
        (4) he and the child's natural mother have signed an
    
acknowledgment of parentage or, if the natural father is someone other than one presumed to be the father under this Section, an acknowledgment of parentage and denial of paternity in accordance with Section 12 of the Vital Records Act.
    (b) A presumption under subdivision (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this Section may be rebutted only by clear and convincing evidence. A presumption under subdivision (a)(3) or (a)(4) is conclusive, unless the acknowledgment of parentage is rescinded under the process provided in Section 12 of the Vital Records Act, upon the earlier of:
        (1) 60 days after the date the acknowledgment of
    
parentage is signed, or
        (2) the date of an administrative or judicial
    
proceeding relating to the child (including a proceeding to establish a support order) in which the signatory is a party;
except that if a minor has signed the acknowledgment of paternity or acknowledgment of parentage and denial of paternity, the presumption becomes conclusive 6 months after the minor reaches majority or is otherwise emancipated.
(Source: P.A. 89‑641, eff. 8‑9‑96; 90‑18, eff. 7‑1‑97.)

    (750 ILCS 45/6)(from Ch. 40, par. 2506)
    Sec. 6. Establishment of Parent and Child Relationship by Consent of the Parties.
    (a) A parent and child relationship may be established voluntarily by the signing and witnessing of a voluntary acknowledgment of parentage in accordance with Section 12 of the Vital Records Act, Section 10‑17.7 of the Illinois Public Aid Code, or the provisions of the Gestational Surrogacy Act. The voluntary acknowledgment of parentage shall contain the social security numbers of the persons signing the voluntary acknowledgment of parentage; however, failure to include the social security numbers of the persons signing a voluntary acknowledgment of parentage does not invalidate the voluntary acknowledgment of parentage.
        (1) A parent‑child relationship may be established
    
in the event of gestational surrogacy if all of the following conditions are met prior to the birth of the child:
            (A) The gestational surrogate certifies that she
        
is not the biological mother of the child, and that she is carrying the child for the intended parents.
            (B) The husband, if any, of the gestational
        
surrogate certifies that he is not the biological father of the child.
            (C) The intended mother certifies that she
        
provided or an egg donor donated the egg from which the child being carried by the gestational surrogate was conceived.
            (D) The intended father certifies that he
        
provided or a sperm donor donated the sperm from which the child being carried by the gestational surrogate was conceived.
            (E) A physician licensed to practice medicine in
        
all its branches in the State of Illinois certifies that the child being carried by the gestational surrogate is the biological child of the intended mother or the intended father or both and that neither the gestational surrogate nor the gestational surrogate's husband, if any, is a biological parent of the child being carried by the gestational surrogate.
            (E‑5) The attorneys for the intended parents and
        
the gestational surrogate each certifies that the parties entered into a gestational surrogacy contract intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 25 of the Gestational Surrogacy Act with respect to the child.
            (F) All certifications shall be in writing and
        
witnessed by 2 competent adults who are not the gestational surrogate, gestational surrogate's husband, if any, intended mother, or intended father. Certifications shall be on forms prescribed by the Illinois Department of Public Health, shall be executed prior to the birth of the child, and shall be placed in the medical records of the gestational surrogate prior to the birth of the child. Copies of all certifications shall be delivered to the Illinois Department of Public Health prior to the birth of the child.
        (2) Unless otherwise determined by order of the
    
Circuit Court, the child shall be presumed to be the child of the gestational surrogate and of the gestational surrogate's husband, if any, if all requirements of subdivision (a)(1) are not met prior to the birth of the child. This presumption may be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence. The circuit court may order the gestational surrogate, gestational surrogate's husband, intended mother, intended father, and child to submit to such medical examinations and testing as the court deems appropriate.
    (b) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act, paternity established in accordance with subsection (a) has the full force and effect of a judgment entered under this Act and serves as a basis for seeking a child support order without any further proceedings to establish paternity.
    (c) A judicial or administrative proceeding to ratify paternity established in accordance with subsection (a) is neither required nor permitted.
    (d) A signed acknowledgment of paternity entered under this Act may be challenged in court only on the basis of fraud, duress, or material mistake of fact, with the burden of proof upon the challenging party. Pending outcome of the challenge to the acknowledgment of paternity, the legal responsibilities of the signatories shall remain in full force and effect, except upon order of the court upon a showing of good cause.
    (e) Once a parent and child relationship is established in accordance with subsection (a), an order for support may be established pursuant to a petition to establish an order for support by consent filed with the clerk of the circuit court. A copy of the properly completed acknowledgment of parentage form shall be attached to the petition. The petition shall ask that the circuit court enter an order for support. The petition may ask that an order for visitation, custody, or guardianship be entered. The filing and appearance fees provided under the Clerks of Courts Act shall be waived for all cases in which an acknowledgment of parentage form has been properly completed by the parties and in which a petition to establish an order for support by consent has been filed with the clerk of the circuit court. This subsection shall not be construed to prohibit filing any petition for child support, visitation, or custody under this Act, the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, or the Non‑Support Punishment Act. This subsection shall also not be construed to prevent the establishment of an administrative support order in cases involving persons receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code.
(Source: P.A. 92‑16, eff. 6‑28‑01; 93‑921, eff. 1‑1‑05; 93‑1095, eff. 3‑29‑05.)

    (750 ILCS 45/6.5)
    Sec. 6.5. Custody or visitation by sex offender prohibited. A person found to be the father of a child under this Act, and who has been convicted of or who has pled guilty to a violation of Section 11‑11 (sexual relations within families), Section 12‑13 (criminal sexual assault), Section 12‑14 (aggravated criminal sexual assault), Section 12‑14.1 (predatory criminal sexual assault of a child), Section 12‑15 (criminal sexual abuse), or Section 12‑16 (aggravated criminal sexual abuse) of the Criminal Code of 1961 for his conduct in fathering that child, shall not be entitled to custody of or visitation with that child without the consent of the mother or guardian, other than the father of the child who has been convicted of or pled guilty to one of the offenses listed in this Section, or, in cases where the mother is a minor, the guardian of the mother of the child. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, nothing in this Section shall be construed to relieve the father of any support and maintenance obligations to the child under this Act.
(Source: P.A. 94‑928, eff. 6‑26‑06.)

    (750 ILCS 45/7) (from Ch. 40, par. 2507)
    Sec. 7. Determination of Father and Child Relationship; Who May Bring Action; Parties.
    (a) An action to determine the existence of the father and child relationship, whether or not such a relationship is already presumed under Section 5 of this Act, may be brought by the child; the mother; a pregnant woman; any person or public agency who has custody of, or is providing or has provided financial support to, the child; the Illinois Department of Public Aid if it is providing or has provided financial support to the child or if it is assisting with child support collection services; or a man presumed or alleging himself to be the father of the child or expected child. The complaint shall be verified and shall name the person or persons alleged to be the father of the child.
    (b) An action to declare the non‑existence of the parent and child relationship may be brought by the child, the natural mother, or a man presumed to be the father under subdivision (a)(1) or (a)(2) of Section 5 of this Act. Actions brought by the child, the natural mother or a presumed father shall be brought by verified complaint.
    After the presumption that a man presumed to be the father under subdivision (a)(1) or (a)(2) of Section 5 has been rebutted, paternity of the child by another man may be determined in the same action, if he has been made a party.
    (b‑5) An action to declare the non‑existence of the parent and child relationship may be brought subsequent to an adjudication of paternity in any judgment by the man adjudicated to be the father pursuant to the presumptions in Section 5 of this Act if, as a result of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests, it is discovered that the man adjudicated to be the father is not the natural father of the child. Actions brought by the adjudicated father shall be brought by verified complaint. If, as a result of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests, the plaintiff is determined not to be the father of the child, the adjudication of paternity and any orders regarding custody, visitation, and future payments of support may be vacated.
    (c) If any party is a minor, he or she may be represented by his or her general guardian or a guardian ad litem appointed by the court, which may include an appropriate agency. The court may align the parties.
    (d) Regardless of its terms, an agreement, other than a settlement approved by the court, between an alleged or presumed father and the mother or child, does not bar an action under this Section.
    (e) If an action under this Section is brought before the birth of the child, all proceedings shall be stayed until after the birth, except for service or process, the taking of depositions to perpetuate testimony, and the ordering of blood tests under appropriate circumstances.
(Source: P.A. 89‑674, eff. 8‑14‑96; 90‑18, eff. 7‑1‑97; 90‑715, eff. 8‑7‑98.)

    (750 ILCS 45/8) (from Ch. 40, par. 2508)
    Sec. 8. Statute of limitations.
    (a) (1) An action brought by or on behalf of a child, an
    
action brought by a party alleging that he or she is the child's natural parent, or an action brought by the Illinois Department of Public Aid, if it is providing or has provided financial support to the child or if it is assisting with child support collection services, shall be barred if brought later than 2 years after the child reaches the age of majority; however, if the action on behalf of the child is brought by a public agency, other than the Illinois Department of Public Aid if it is providing or has provided financial support to the child or if it is assisting with child support collection services, it shall be barred 2 years after the agency has ceased to provide assistance to the child.
        (2) Failure to bring an action within 2 years shall
    
not bar any party from asserting a defense in any action to declare the non‑existence of the parent and child relationship.
        (3) An action to declare the non‑existence of the
    
parent and child relationship brought under subsection (b) of Section 7 of this Act shall be barred if brought later than 2 years after the petitioner obtains knowledge of relevant facts. The 2‑year period for bringing an action to declare the nonexistence of the parent and child relationship shall not extend beyond the date on which the child reaches the age of 18 years. Failure to bring an action within 2 years shall not bar any party from asserting a defense in any action to declare the existence of the parent and child relationship.
        (4) An action to declare the non‑existence of the
    
parent and child relationship brought under subsection (b‑5) of Section 7 of this Act shall be barred if brought more than 6 months after the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1998 or more than 2 years after the petitioner obtains actual knowledge of relevant facts, whichever is later. The 2‑year period shall not apply to periods of time where the natural mother or the child refuses to submit to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests. The 2‑year period for bringing an action to declare the nonexistence of the parent and child relationship shall not extend beyond the date on which the child reaches the age of 18 years. Failure to bring an action within 2 years shall not bar any party from asserting a defense in any action to declare the existence of the parent and child relationship.
    (b) The time during which any party is not subject to service of process or is otherwise not subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State shall toll the aforementioned periods.
    (c) This Act does not affect the time within which any rights under the Probate Act of 1975 may be asserted beyond the time provided by law relating to distribution and closing of decedent's estates or to the determination of heirship, or otherwise.
(Source: P.A. 89‑674, eff. 8‑14‑96; 90‑18, eff. 7‑1‑97; 90‑715, eff. 8‑7‑98.)

    (750 ILCS 45/9) (from Ch. 40, par. 2509)
    Sec. 9. Jurisdiction; Venue. (a) The circuit courts shall have jurisdiction of an action brought under this Act. In any civil action not brought under this Act, the provisions of this Act shall apply if parentage is at issue. The Court may join any action under this Act with any other civil action where applicable.
    (b) The action may be brought in the county in which any party resides or is found or, if the father is deceased, in which proceedings for probate of his estate have been or could be commenced.
    (c) The summons that is served on a defendant shall include the return date on or by which the defendant must appear and shall contain the following information, in a prominent place and in conspicuous language, in addition to the information required to be provided by the laws of this State: "If you do not appear as instructed in this summons, you may be required to support the child named in this petition until the child is at least 18 years old. You may also have to pay the pregnancy and delivery costs of the mother."
(Source: P.A. 84‑848.)

    (750 ILCS 45/9.1) (from Ch. 40, par. 2509.1)
    Sec. 9.1. Notice to Presumed Father.
    (a) In any action brought under Section 6 or 7 of this Act where the man signing the petition for an order establishing the existence of the parent and child relationship by consent or the man alleged to be the father in a complaint is different from a man who is presumed to be father of the child under Section 5, a notice shall be served on the presumed father in the same manner as summonses are served in other civil proceedings or, in lieu of personal service, service may be made as follows:
        (1) The person requesting notice shall pay to the
    
Clerk of the Court a mailing fee of $1.50 and furnish to the Clerk an original and one copy of a notice together with an affidavit setting forth the presumed father's last known address. The original notice shall be retained by the Clerk.
        (2) The Clerk shall promptly mail to the presumed
    
father, at the address appearing in the affidavit, the copy of the notice, certified mail, return receipt requested. The envelope and return receipt shall bear the return address of the Clerk. The receipt for certified mail shall state the name and address of the addressee, and the date of mailing, and shall be attached to the original notice.
        (3) The return receipt, when returned to the Clerk,
    
shall be attached to the original notice, and shall constitute proof of service.
        (4) The Clerk shall note the fact of service in a
    
permanent record.
    (b) The notice shall read as follows:
    IN THE MATTER OF NOTICE TO .......... PRESUMED FATHER.
    You have been identified as the presumed father of ......... born on .........
    The mother of the child is .........
    An action is being brought to establish the parent and child relationship between the named child and a man named by the mother, .........
    Under the law, you are presumed to be the father if (1) you and the child's mother are or have been married to each other, and the child was born or conceived during the marriage; or if (2) upon the child's birth, you and the child's mother married each other and you were named, with your consent, as the child's father on the child's birth certificate.
    As the presumed father, you have certain legal rights with respect to the named child, including the right to notice of the filing of proceedings instituted for the establishment of parentage of said child and if named as the father in a petition to establish parentage, the right to submit, along with the mother and child, to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests to determine inherited characteristics. If you wish to retain your rights with respect to said child, you must file with the Clerk of this Circuit Court of ......... County, Illinois whose address is ........, Illinois, within 30 days after the date of receipt of this notice, a declaration of parentage stating that you are, in fact, the father of said child and that you intend to retain your legal rights with respect to said child, or request to be notified of any further proceedings with respect to the parentage of said child.
    If you do not file such declaration of parentage, or a request for notice, then whatever legal rights you have with respect to the named child, including the right to notice of any future proceedings for the establishment of parentage of the child, may be terminated without any further notice to you. When your legal rights with respect to the named child are so terminated, you will not be entitled to notice of any future proceedings.
    (c) The notice to presumed fathers provided for in this Section in any action brought by a public agency shall be prepared and mailed by such public agency and the mailing fee to the Clerk shall be waived.
(Source: P.A. 90‑23, eff. 1‑1‑98.)

    (750 ILCS 45/10) (from Ch. 40, par. 2510)
    Sec. 10. Pre‑trial Proceedings. (a) As soon as practicable after an action to declare the existence or non‑existence of the father and child relationship has been brought, and the parties are at issue, the court may conduct a pre‑trial conference.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/11) (from Ch. 40, par. 2511)
    Sec. 11. Tests to determine inherited characteristics.
    (a) As soon as practicable, the court or Administrative Hearing Officer in an Expedited Child Support System may, and upon request of a party shall, order or direct the mother, child and alleged father to submit to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests to determine inherited characteristics. If any party refuses to submit to the tests, the court may resolve the question of paternity against that party or enforce its order if the rights of others and the interests of justice so require.
    (b) The tests shall be conducted by an expert qualified as an examiner of blood or tissue types and appointed by the court. The expert shall determine the testing procedures. However, any interested party, for good cause shown, in advance of the scheduled tests, may request a hearing to object to the qualifications of the expert or the testing procedures. The expert appointed by the court shall testify at the pre‑test hearing at the expense of the party requesting the hearing, except as provided in subsection (h) of this Section for an indigent party. An expert not appointed by the court shall testify at the pre‑test hearing at the expense of the party retaining the expert. Inquiry into an expert's qualifications at the pre‑test hearing shall not affect either parties' right to have the expert qualified at trial.
    (c) The expert shall prepare a written report of the test results. If the test results show that the alleged father is not excluded, the report shall contain a combined paternity index relating to the probability of paternity. The expert may be called by the court as a witness to testify to his or her findings and, if called, shall be subject to cross‑examination by the parties. If the test results show that the alleged father is not excluded, any party may demand that other experts, qualified as examiners of blood or tissue types, perform independent tests under order of court, including, but not limited to, blood types or other tests of genetic markers such as those found by Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) tests. The results of the tests may be offered into evidence. The number and qualifications of the experts shall be determined by the court.
    (d) Documentation of the chain of custody of the blood or tissue samples, accompanied by an affidavit or certification in accordance with Section 1‑109 of the Code of Civil Procedure, is competent evidence to establish the chain of custody.
    (e) The report of the test results prepared by the appointed expert shall be made by affidavit or by certification as provided in Section 1‑109 of the Code of Civil Procedure and shall be mailed to all parties. A proof of service shall be filed with the court. The verified report shall be admitted into evidence at trial without foundation testimony or other proof of authenticity or accuracy, unless a written motion challenging the admissibility of the report is filed by either party within 28 days of receipt of the report, in which case expert testimony shall be required. A party may not file such a motion challenging the admissibility of the report later than 28 days before commencement of trial. Before trial, the court shall determine whether the motion is sufficient to deny admission of the report by verification. Failure to make that timely motion constitutes a waiver of the right to object to admission by verification and shall not be grounds for a continuance of the hearing to determine paternity.
    (f) Tests taken pursuant to this Section shall have the following effect:
        (1) If the court finds that the conclusion of the
    
expert or experts, as disclosed by the evidence based upon the tests, is that the alleged father is not the parent of the child, the question of paternity shall be resolved accordingly.
        (2) If the experts disagree in their findings or
    
conclusions, the question shall be weighed with other competent evidence of paternity.
        (3) If the tests show that the alleged father is not
    
excluded and that the combined paternity index is less than 500 to 1, this evidence shall be admitted by the court and shall be weighed with other competent evidence of paternity.
        (4) If the tests show that the alleged father is not
    
excluded and that the combined paternity index is at least 500 to 1, the alleged father is presumed to be the father, and this evidence shall be admitted. This presumption may be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence.
    (g) Any presumption of parentage as set forth in Section 5 of this Act is rebutted if the court finds that the conclusion of the expert or experts excludes paternity of the presumed father.
    (h) The expense of the tests shall be paid by the party who requests the tests. Where the tests are requested by the party seeking to establish paternity and that party is found to be indigent by the court, the expense shall be paid by the public agency providing representation; except that where a public agency is not providing representation, the expense shall be paid by the county in which the action is brought. Where the tests are ordered by the court on its own motion or are requested by the alleged or presumed father and that father is found to be indigent by the court, the expense shall be paid by the county in which the action is brought. Any part of the expense may be taxed as costs in the action, except that no costs may be taxed against a public agency that has not requested the tests.
    (i) The compensation of each expert witness appointed by the court shall be paid as provided in subsection (h) of this Section. Any part of the payment may be taxed as costs in the action, except that no costs may be taxed against a public agency that has not requested the services of the expert witness.
    (j) Nothing in this Section shall prevent any party from obtaining tests of his or her own blood or tissue independent of those ordered by the court or from presenting expert testimony interpreting those tests or any other blood tests ordered pursuant to this Section. Reports of all the independent tests, accompanied by affidavit or certification pursuant to Section 1‑109 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and notice of any expert witnesses to be called to testify to the results of those tests shall be submitted to all parties at least 30 days before any hearing set to determine the issue of parentage.
(Source: P.A. 87‑428; 87‑435; 88‑353; 88‑687, eff. 1‑24‑95.)

    (750 ILCS 45/12) (from Ch. 40, par. 2512)
    Sec. 12. Pre‑Trial Recommendations. (a) On the basis of the information produced at a pretrial conference, the court shall evaluate the probability of determining the existence or non‑existence of the father and child relationship in a trial and whether a judicial declaration of the relationship would be in the best interest of the child. On the basis of the evaluation, an appropriate recommendation for settlement shall be made to the parties, which may include that the alleged father consent to a finding of his paternity of the child, or that the action be dismissed with or without prejudice.
    (b) If the parties accept a recommendation made in accordance with subsection (a) of this Section, judgment shall be entered accordingly.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/12.1) (from Ch. 40, par. 2512.1)
    Sec. 12.1. Settlement Orders. In cases where the alleged father has not consented to a finding of paternity and where the parties have requested a settlement, the court shall review the proposed settlement in light of the allegations made, the probable evidence and the circumstances of the parties. If the court is satisfied that the best interests of the child and of the parties will be served by entry of an order incorporating the settlement, and if the court is satisfied that the financial security of the child is adequately provided for and that the child and its mother are not likely to become public charges, it may enter an order so incorporating the settlement. The order may be directed to the defendant, or the mother, or both. Notwithstanding subsection (d) of Section 7 of this Act, neither the entry of a settlement order, nor the terms of a settlement order shall bar an action brought under this Act by a child to ascertain paternity.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/13) (from Ch. 40, par. 2513)
    Sec. 13. Civil Action.
    (a) An action under this Act is a civil action governed by the provisions of the "Code of Civil Procedure", approved August 19, 1981, as amended, and the Supreme Court rules applicable thereto, except where otherwise specified in this Act.
    (b) Trial by jury is not available under this Act.
    (c) Certified copies of the bills for costs incurred for pregnancy and childbirth shall be admitted into evidence at judicial or administrative proceedings without foundation testimony or other proof of authenticity or accuracy.
(Source: P.A. 90‑18, eff. 7‑1‑97.)

    (750 ILCS 45/13.1)
    Sec. 13.1. Temporary order for child support. Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, pending the outcome of a judicial determination of parentage, the court shall issue a temporary order for child support, upon motion by a party and a showing of clear and convincing evidence of paternity. In determining the amount of the temporary child support award, the court shall use the guidelines and standards set forth in subsection (a) of Section 505 and in Section 505.2 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act.
    Any new or existing support order entered by the court under this Section shall be deemed to be a series of judgments against the person obligated to pay support thereunder, each such judgment to be in the amount of each payment or installment of support and each judgment to be deemed entered as of the date the corresponding payment or installment becomes due under the terms of the support order. Each such judgment shall have the full force, effect, and attributes of any other judgment of this State, including the ability to be enforced. Any such judgment is subject to modification or termination only in accordance with Section 510 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act. A lien arises by operation of law against the real and personal property of the noncustodial parent for each installment of overdue support owed by the noncustodial parent.
    All orders for support, when entered or modified, shall include a provision requiring the non‑custodial parent to notify the court, and in cases in which a party is receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, the Illinois Department of Public Aid, within 7 days, (i) of the name, address, and telephone number of any new employer of the non‑custodial parent, (ii) whether the non‑custodial parent has access to health insurance coverage through the employer or other group coverage, and, if so, the policy name and number and the names of persons covered under the policy, and (iii) of any new residential or mailing address or telephone number of the non‑custodial parent.
    In any subsequent action to enforce a support order, upon sufficient showing that diligent effort has been made to ascertain the location of the non‑custodial parent, service of process or provision of notice necessary in that action may be made at the last known address of the non‑custodial parent, in any manner expressly provided by the Code of Civil Procedure or in this Act, which service shall be sufficient for purposes of due process.
    An order for support shall include a date on which the current support obligation terminates. The termination date shall be no earlier than the date on which the child covered by the order will attain the age of majority or is otherwise emancipated. The order for support shall state that the termination date does not apply to any arrearage that may remain unpaid on that date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the court from modifying the order.
    If there is an unpaid arrearage or delinquency (as those terms are defined in the Income Withholding for Support Act) equal to at least one month's support obligation on the termination date stated in the order for support or, if there is no termination date stated in the order, on the date the child attains the age of majority or is otherwise emancipated, then the periodic amount required to be paid for current support of that child immediately prior to that date shall automatically continue to be an obligation, not as current support but as periodic payment toward satisfaction of the unpaid arrearage or delinquency. That periodic payment shall be in addition to any periodic payment previously required for satisfaction of the arrearage or delinquency. The total periodic amount to be paid toward satisfaction of the arrearage or delinquency may be enforced and collected by any method provided by law for the enforcement and collection of child support, including but not limited to income withholding under the Income Withholding for Support Act. Each order for support entered or modified on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 93rd General Assembly must contain a statement notifying the parties of the requirements of this paragraph. Failure to include the statement in the order for support does not affect the validity of the order or the operation of the provisions of this paragraph with regard to the order. This paragraph shall not be construed to prevent or affect the establishment or modification of an order for the support of a minor child or the establishment or modification of an order for the support of a non‑minor child or educational expenses under Section 513 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act.
(Source: P.A. 92‑590, eff. 7‑1‑02; 93‑1061, eff. 1‑1‑05.)

    (750 ILCS 45/13.5)
    Sec. 13.5. Injunctive relief.
    (a) In any action brought under this Act for the initial determination of custody or visitation of a child or for modification of a prior custody or visitation order, the court, upon application of any party, may enjoin a party having physical possession or custody of a child from temporarily or permanently removing the child from Illinois pending the adjudication of the issues of custody and visitation. When deciding whether to enjoin removal of a child, the Court shall consider the following factors including, but not limited to:
        (1) the extent of previous involvement with the
    
child by the party seeking to enjoin removal;
        (2) the likelihood that parentage will be
    
established; and
        (3) the impact on the financial, physical, and
    
emotional health of the party being enjoined from removing the child.
    (b) Injunctive relief under this Act shall be governed by the relevant provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure.
    (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), the court may decline to enjoin a domestic violence victim having physical possession or custody of a child from temporarily or permanently removing the child from Illinois pending the adjudication of the issues of custody and visitation. In determining whether a person is a domestic violence victim, the court shall consider the following factors:
        (1) a sworn statement by the person that the person
    
has good reason to believe that he or she is the victim of domestic violence or stalking;
        (2) a sworn statement that the person fears for his
    
or her safety or the safety of his or her children;
        (3) evidence from police, court or other government
    
agency records or files;
        (4) documentation from a domestic violence program
    
if the person is alleged to be a victim of domestic violence;
        (5) documentation from a legal, clerical, medical,
    
or other professional from whom the person has sought assistance in dealing with the alleged domestic violence; and
        (6) any other evidence that supports the sworn
    
statements, such as a statement from any other individual with knowledge of the circumstances that provides the basis for the claim, or physical evidence of the act or acts of domestic violence.
(Source: P.A. 93‑139, eff. 7‑10‑03.)

    (750 ILCS 45/14)(from Ch. 40, par. 2514)
    Sec. 14. Judgment.
    (a) (1) The judgment shall contain or explicitly reserve provisions concerning any duty and amount of child support and may contain provisions concerning the custody and guardianship of the child, visitation privileges with the child, the furnishing of bond or other security for the payment of the judgment, which the court shall determine in accordance with the relevant factors set forth in the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act and any other applicable law of Illinois, to guide the court in a finding in the best interests of the child. In determining custody, joint custody, removal, or visitation, the court shall apply the relevant standards of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, including Section 609. Specifically, in determining the amount of any child support award, the court shall use the guidelines and standards set forth in subsection (a) of Section 505 and in Section 505.2 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act. For purposes of Section 505 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, "net income" of the non‑custodial parent shall include any benefits available to that person under the Illinois Public Aid Code or from other federal, State or local government‑funded programs. The court shall, in any event and regardless of the amount of the non‑custodial parent's net income, in its judgment order the non‑custodial parent to pay child support to the custodial parent in a minimum amount of not less than $10 per month. In an action brought within 2 years after a child's birth, the judgment or order may direct either parent to pay the reasonable expenses incurred by either parent related to the mother's pregnancy and the delivery of the child. The judgment or order shall contain the father's social security number, which the father shall disclose to the court; however, failure to include the father's social security number on the judgment or order does not invalidate the judgment or order.
    (2) If a judgment of parentage contains no explicit award of custody, the establishment of a support obligation or of visitation rights in one parent shall be considered a judgment granting custody to the other parent. If the parentage judgment contains no such provisions, custody shall be presumed to be with the mother; however, the presumption shall not apply if the father has had physical custody for at least 6 months prior to the date that the mother seeks to enforce custodial rights.
    (b) The court shall order all child support payments, determined in accordance with such guidelines, to commence with the date summons is served. The level of current periodic support payments shall not be reduced because of payments set for the period prior to the date of entry of the support order. The Court may order any child support payments to be made for a period prior to the commencement of the action. In determining whether and the extent to which the payments shall be made for any prior period, the court shall consider all relevant facts, including the factors for determining the amount of support specified in the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act and other equitable factors including but not limited to:
        (1) The father's prior knowledge of the fact and
    
circumstances of the child's birth.
        (2) The father's prior willingness or refusal to
    
help raise or support the child.
        (3) The extent to which the mother or the public
    
agency bringing the action previously informed the father of the child's needs or attempted to seek or require his help in raising or supporting the child.
        (4) The reasons the mother or the public agency did
    
not file the action earlier.
        (5) The extent to which the father would be
    
prejudiced by the delay in bringing the action.
    For purposes of determining the amount of child support to be paid for any period before the date the order for current child support is entered, there is a rebuttable presumption that the father's net income for the prior period was the same as his net income at the time the order for current child support is entered.
    If (i) the non‑custodial parent was properly served with a request for discovery of financial information relating to the non‑custodial parent's ability to provide child support, (ii) the non‑custodial parent failed to comply with the request, despite having been ordered to do so by the court, and (iii) the non‑custodial parent is not present at the hearing to determine support despite having received proper notice, then any relevant financial information concerning the non‑custodial parent's ability to provide child support that was obtained pursuant to subpoena and proper notice shall be admitted into evidence without the need to establish any further foundation for its admission.
    (c) Any new or existing support order entered by the court under this Section shall be deemed to be a series of judgments against the person obligated to pay support thereunder, each judgment to be in the amount of each payment or installment of support and each such judgment to be deemed entered as of the date the corresponding payment or installment becomes due under the terms of the support order. Each judgment shall have the full force, effect and attributes of any other judgment of this State, including the ability to be enforced. A lien arises by operation of law against the real and personal property of the noncustodial parent for each installment of overdue support owed by the noncustodial parent.
    (d) If the judgment or order of the court is at variance with the child's birth certificate, the court shall order that a new birth certificate be issued under the Vital Records Act.
    (e) On request of the mother and the father, the court shall order a change in the child's name. After hearing evidence the court may stay payment of support during the period of the father's minority or period of disability.
    (f) If, upon a showing of proper service, the father fails to appear in court, or otherwise appear as provided by law, the court may proceed to hear the cause upon testimony of the mother or other parties taken in open court and shall enter a judgment by default. The court may reserve any order as to the amount of child support until the father has received notice, by regular mail, of a hearing on the matter.
    (g) A one‑time charge of 20% is imposable upon the amount of past‑due child support owed on July 1, 1988 which has accrued under a support order entered by the court. The charge shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10‑21 of the Illinois Public Aid Code and shall be enforced by the court upon petition.
    (h) All orders for support, when entered or modified, shall include a provision requiring the non‑custodial parent to notify the court and, in cases in which party is receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, the Illinois Department of Public Aid, within 7 days, (i) of the name and address of any new employer of the non‑custodial parent, (ii) whether the non‑custodial parent has access to health insurance coverage through the employer or other group coverage and, if so, the policy name and number and the names of persons covered under the policy, and (iii) of any new residential or mailing address or telephone number of the non‑custodial parent. In any subsequent action to enforce a support order, upon a sufficient showing that a diligent effort has been made to ascertain the location of the non‑custodial parent, service of process or provision of notice necessary in the case may be made at the last known address of the non‑custodial parent in any manner expressly provided by the Code of Civil Procedure or this Act, which service shall be sufficient for purposes of due process.
    (i) An order for support shall include a date on which the current support obligation terminates. The termination date shall be no earlier than the date on which the child covered by the order will attain the age of 18. However, if the child will not graduate from high school until after attaining the age of 18, then the termination date shall be no earlier than the earlier of the date on which the child's high school graduation will occur or the date on which the child will attain the age of 19. The order for support shall state that the termination date does not apply to any arrearage that may remain unpaid on that date. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent the court from modifying the order or terminating the order in the event the child is otherwise emancipated.
    (i‑5) If there is an unpaid arrearage or delinquency (as those terms are defined in the Income Withholding for Support Act) equal to at least one month's support obligation on the termination date stated in the order for support or, if there is no termination date stated in the order, on the date the child attains the age of majority or is otherwise emancipated, the periodic amount required to be paid for current support of that child immediately prior to that date shall automatically continue to be an obligation, not as current support but as periodic payment toward satisfaction of the unpaid arrearage or delinquency. That periodic payment shall be in addition to any periodic payment previously required for satisfaction of the arrearage or delinquency. The total periodic amount to be paid toward satisfaction of the arrearage or delinquency may be enforced and collected by any method provided by law for enforcement and collection of child support, including but not limited to income withholding under the Income Withholding for Support Act. Each order for support entered or modified on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 93rd General Assembly must contain a statement notifying the parties of the requirements of this subsection. Failure to include the statement in the order for support does not affect the validity of the order or the operation of the provisions of this subsection with regard to the order. This subsection shall not be construed to prevent or affect the establishment or modification of an order for support of a minor child or the establishment or modification of an order for support of a non‑minor child or educational expenses under Section 513 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act.
    (j) An order entered under this Section shall include a provision requiring the obligor to report to the obligee and to the clerk of court within 10 days each time the obligor obtains new employment, and each time the obligor's employment is terminated for any reason. The report shall be in writing and shall, in the case of new employment, include the name and address of the new employer. Failure to report new employment or the termination of current employment, if coupled with nonpayment of support for a period in excess of 60 days, is indirect criminal contempt. For any obligor arrested for failure to report new employment bond shall be set in the amount of the child support that should have been paid during the period of unreported employment. An order entered under this Section shall also include a provision requiring the obligor and obligee parents to advise each other of a change in residence within 5 days of the change except when the court finds that the physical, mental, or emotional health of a party or that of a minor child, or both, would be seriously endangered by disclosure of the party's address.
(Source: P.A. 92‑590, eff. 7‑1‑02; 92‑876, eff. 6‑1‑03; 93‑139, eff. 7‑10‑03; 93‑1061, eff. 1‑1‑05.)

    (750 ILCS 45/14.1)
    Sec. 14.1. Information to State Case Registry.
    (a) In this Section:
    "Order for support", "obligor", "obligee", and "business day" are defined as set forth in the Income Withholding for Support Act.
    "State Case Registry" means the State Case Registry established under Section 10‑27 of the Illinois Public Aid Code.
    (b) Each order for support entered or modified by the circuit court under this Act shall require that the obligor and obligee (i) file with the clerk of the circuit court the information required by this Section (and any other information required under Title IV, Part D of the Social Security Act or by the federal Department of Health and Human Services) at the time of entry or modification of the order for support and (ii) file updated information with the clerk within 5 business days of any change. Failure of the obligor or obligee to file or update the required information shall be punishable as in cases of contempt. The failure shall not prevent the court from entering or modifying the order for support, however.
    (c) The obligor shall file the following information: the obligor's name, date of birth, social security number, and mailing address.
    If either the obligor or the obligee receives child support enforcement services from the Illinois Department of Public Aid under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, the obligor shall also file the following information: the obligor's telephone number, driver's license number, and residential address (if different from the obligor's mailing address), and the name, address, and telephone number of the obligor's employer or employers.
    (d) The obligee shall file the following information:
        (1) The names of the obligee and the child or
    
children covered by the order for support.
        (2) The dates of birth of the obligee and the child
    
or children covered by the order for support.
        (3) The social security numbers of the obligee and
    
the child or children covered by the order for support.
        (4) The obligee's mailing address.
    (e) In cases in which the obligee receives child support enforcement services from the Illinois Department of Public Aid under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, the order for support shall (i) require that the obligee file the information required under subsection (d) with the Illinois Department of Public Aid for inclusion in the State Case Registry, rather than file the information with the clerk, and (ii) require that the obligee include the following additional information:
        (1) The obligee's telephone and driver's license
    
numbers.
        (2) The obligee's residential address, if different
    
from the obligee's mailing address.
        (3) The name, address, and telephone number of the
    
obligee's employer or employers.
    The order for support shall also require that the obligee update the information filed with the Illinois Department of Public Aid within 5 business days of any change.
    (f) The clerk shall provide the information filed under this Section, together with the court docket number and county in which the order for support was entered, to the State Case Registry within 5 business days after receipt of the information.
    (g) In a case in which a party is receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, the clerk shall provide the following additional information to the State Case Registry within 5 business days after entry or modification of an order for support or request from the Illinois Department of Public Aid:
        (1) The amount of monthly or other periodic support
    
owed under the order for support and other amounts, including arrearage, interest, or late payment penalties and fees, due or overdue under the order.
        (2) Any such amounts that have been received by the
    
clerk, and the distribution of those amounts by the clerk.
    (h) Information filed by the obligor and obligee under this Section that is not specifically required to be included in the body of an order for support under other laws is not a public record and shall be treated as confidential and subject to disclosure only in accordance with the provisions of this Section, Section 10‑27 of the Illinois Public Aid Code, and Title IV, Part D of the Social Security Act.
(Source: P.A. 91‑212, eff. 7‑20‑99; 92‑463, eff. 8‑22‑01.)

    (750 ILCS 45/14.5)
    Sec. 14.5. Information to locate putative fathers and noncustodial parents.
    (a) Upon request by a public office, employers, labor unions, and telephone companies shall provide location information concerning putative fathers and noncustodial parents for the purpose of establishing a child's paternity or establishing, enforcing, or modifying a child support obligation. The term "public office" is defined as set forth in the Income Withholding for Support Act. In this Section, "location information" means information about (i) the physical whereabouts of a putative father or noncustodial parent, (ii) the employer of the putative father or noncustodial parent, or (iii) the salary, wages, and other compensation paid and the health insurance coverage provided to the putative father or noncustodial parent by the employer of the putative father or noncustodial parent or by a labor union of which the putative father or noncustodial parent is a member. An employer, labor union, or telephone company shall respond to the request of the public office within 15 days after receiving the request. Any employer, labor union, or telephone company that willfully fails to fully respond within the 15‑day period shall be subject to a penalty of $100 for each day that the response is not provided to the public office after the 15‑day period has expired. The penalty may be collected in a civil action, which may be brought against the employer, labor union, or telephone company in favor of the public office.
    (b) Upon being served with a subpoena (including an administrative subpoena as authorized by law), a utility company or cable television company must provide location information to a public office for the purpose of establishing a child's paternity or establishing, enforcing, or modifying a child support obligation.
    (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other State or local law to the contrary, an employer, labor union, telephone company, utility company, or cable television company shall not be liable to any person for disclosure of location information under the requirements of this Section, except for willful and wanton misconduct.
(Source: P.A. 93‑116, eff. 7‑10‑03.)

    (750 ILCS 45/15) (from Ch. 40, par. 2515)
    Sec. 15. Enforcement of Judgment or Order.
    (a) If existence of the parent and child relationship is declared, or paternity or duty of support has been established under this Act or under prior law or under the law of any other jurisdiction, the judgment rendered thereunder may be enforced in the same or other proceedings by any party or any person or agency that has furnished or may furnish financial assistance or services to the child. The Income Withholding for Support Act and Sections 14 and 16 of this Act shall also be applicable with respect to entry, modification and enforcement of any support judgment entered under provisions of the "Paternity Act", approved July 5, 1957, as amended, repealed July 1, 1985.
    (b) Failure to comply with any order of the court shall be punishable as contempt as in other cases of failure to comply under the "Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act", as now or hereafter amended. In addition to other penalties provided by law, the court may, after finding the party guilty of contempt, order that the party be:
        (1) Placed on probation with such conditions of
    
probation as the court deems advisable;
        (2) Sentenced to periodic imprisonment for a period
    
not to exceed 6 months. However, the court may permit the party to be released for periods of time during the day or night to work or conduct business or other self‑employed occupation. The court may further order any part of all the earnings of a party during a sentence of periodic imprisonment to be paid to the Clerk of the Circuit Court or to the person or parent having custody of the minor child for the support of said child until further order of the court.
        (2.5) The court may also pierce the ownership veil
    
of a person, persons, or business entity to discover assets of a non‑custodial parent held in the name of that person, those persons, or that business entity if there is a unity of interest and ownership sufficient to render no financial separation between the non‑custodial parent and that person, those persons, or the business entity. The following circumstances are sufficient for a court to order discovery of the assets of a person, persons, or business entity and to compel the application of any discovered assets toward payment on the judgment for support:
            (A) the non‑custodial parent and the person,
        
persons, or business entity maintain records together.
            (B) the non‑custodial parent and the person,
        
persons, or business entity fail to maintain an arms length relationship between themselves with regard to any assets.
            (C) the non‑custodial parent transfers assets to
        
the person, persons, or business entity with the intent to perpetrate a fraud on the custodial parent.
        With respect to assets which are real property, no
    
order entered under this subdivision (2.5) shall affect the rights of bona fide purchasers, mortgagees, judgment creditors, or other lien holders who acquire their interests in the property prior to the time a notice of lis pendens pursuant to the Code of Civil Procedure or a copy of the order is placed of record in the office of the recorder of deeds for the county in which the real property is located.
        (3) The court may also order that in cases where the
    
party is 90 days or more delinquent in payment of support or has been adjudicated in arrears in an amount equal to 90 days obligation or more, that the party's Illinois driving privileges be suspended until the court determines that the party is in compliance with the judgement or duty of support. The court may also order that the parent be issued a family financial responsibility driving permit that would allow limited driving privileges for employment and medical purposes in accordance with Section 7‑702.1 of the Illinois Vehicle Code. The clerk of the circuit court shall certify the order suspending the driving privileges of the parent or granting the issuance of a family financial responsibility driving permit to the Secretary of State on forms prescribed by the Secretary. Upon receipt of the authenticated documents, the Secretary of State shall suspend the party's driving privileges until further order of the court and shall, if ordered by the court, subject to the provisions of Section 7‑702.1 of the Illinois Vehicle Code, issue a family financial responsibility driving permit to the parent.
    In addition to the penalties or punishment that may be imposed under this Section, any person whose conduct constitutes a violation of Section 15 of the Non‑Support Punishment Act may be prosecuted under that Act, and a person convicted under that Act may be sentenced in accordance with that Act. The sentence may include but need not be limited to a requirement that the person perform community service under Section 50 of that Act or participate in a work alternative program under Section 50 of that Act. A person may not be required to participate in a work alternative program under Section 50 of that Act if the person is currently participating in a work program pursuant to Section 15.1 of this Act.
    (c) In any post‑judgment proceeding to enforce or modify the judgment the parties shall continue to be designated as in the original proceeding.
(Source: P.A. 91‑357, eff. 7‑29‑99; 92‑16, eff. 6‑28‑01.)

    (750 ILCS 45/15.1) (from Ch. 40, par. 2515.1)
    Sec. 15.1. (a) Whenever it is determined in a proceeding to establish or enforce a child support obligation that the person owing a duty of support is unemployed, the court may order the person to seek employment and report periodically to the court with a diary, listing or other memorandum of his or her efforts in accordance with such order. Additionally, the court may order the unemployed person to report to the Department of Employment Security for job search services or to make application with the local Job Training Partnership Act provider for participation in job search, training or work programs and where the duty of support is owed to a child receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, as amended, the court may order the unemployed person to report to the Illinois Department of Public Aid for participation in job search, training or work programs established under Section 9‑6 and Article IXA of that Code.
    (b) Whenever it is determined that a person owes past‑due support for a child, and the child is receiving assistance under the Illinois Public Aid Code, the court shall order the following at the request of the Illinois Department of Public Aid:
        (1) that the person pay the past‑due support in
    
accordance with a plan approved by the court; or
        (2) if the person owing past‑due support is
    
unemployed, is subject to such a plan, and is not incapacitated, that the person participate in such job search, training, or work programs established under Section 9‑6 and Article IXA of the Illinois Public Aid Code as the court deems appropriate.
(Source: P.A. 91‑357, eff. 7‑29‑99; 92‑590, eff. 7‑1‑02.)

    (750 ILCS 45/15.2) (from Ch. 40, par. 2515.2)
    Sec. 15.2. Order of protection; status. Whenever relief is sought under this Act, the court, before granting relief, shall determine whether any order of protection has previously been entered in the instant proceeding or any other proceeding in which any party, or a child of any party, or both, if relevant, has been designated as either a respondent or a protected person.
(Source: P.A. 87‑743.)

    (750 ILCS 45/16) (from Ch. 40, par. 2516)
    Sec. 16. Modification of Judgment. The court has continuing jurisdiction to modify an order for support, custody, visitation, or removal included in a judgment entered under this Act. Any custody, visitation, or removal judgment modification shall be in accordance with the relevant factors specified in the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, including Section 609. Any support judgment is subject to modification or termination only in accordance with Section 510 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act.
(Source: P.A. 93‑139, eff. 7‑10‑03.)

    (750 ILCS 45/17) (from Ch. 40, par. 2517)
    Sec. 17. Costs. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the court may order reasonable fees of counsel, experts, and other costs of the action, pre‑trial proceedings, post‑judgment proceedings to enforce or modify the judgment, and the appeal or the defense of an appeal of the judgment, to be paid by the parties in accordance with the relevant factors specified in Section 508 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, as amended.
(Source: P.A. 85‑1417; 86‑1339.)

    (750 ILCS 45/18) (from Ch. 40, par. 2518)
    Sec. 18. Right to Counsel; Free Transcript on Appeal.
    (a) Any party may be represented by counsel at all proceedings under this Act.
    (a‑5) In any proceedings involving the support, custody, visitation, education, parentage, property interest, or general welfare of a minor or dependent child, the court may, on its own motion or that of any party, and subject to the terms or specifications the court determines, appoint an attorney to serve in one of the following capacities:
        (1) as an attorney to represent the child;
        (2) as a guardian ad litem to address issues the
    
court delineates;
        (3) as a child's representative whose duty shall be
    
to advocate what the representative finds to be in the best interests of the child after reviewing the facts and circumstances of the case. The child's representative shall have the same power and authority to take part in the conduct of the litigation as does an attorney for a party and shall possess all the powers of investigation and recommendation as does a guardian ad litem. The child's representative shall consider, but not be bound by, the expressed wishes of the child. A child's representative shall have received training in child advocacy or shall possess such experience as determined to be equivalent to such training by the chief judge of the circuit where the child's representative has been appointed. The child's representative shall not disclose confidential communications made by the child, except as required by law or by the Rules of Professional Conduct. The child's representative shall not be called as a witness regarding the issues set forth in this subsection.
    During the proceedings the court may appoint an additional attorney to serve in another of the capacities described in subdivisions (1), (2), or (3) of the preceding paragraph on its own motion or that of a party only for good cause shown and when the reasons for the additional appointment are set forth in specific findings.
    The court shall enter an order as appropriate for costs, fees, and disbursements, including a retainer, when the attorney, guardian ad litem, or child's representative is appointed, and thereafter as necessary. Such orders shall require payment by either or both parents, by any other party or source, or from the marital estate or the child's separate estate. The court may not order payment by the Illinois Department of Public Aid in cases in which the Department is providing child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code. Unless otherwise ordered by the court at the time fees and costs are approved, all fees and costs payable to an attorney, guardian ad litem, or child's representative under this Section are by implication deemed to be in the nature of support of the child and are within the exceptions to discharge in bankruptcy under 11 U.S.C.A. 523. The provisions of Sections 501 and 508 of this Act shall apply to fees and costs for attorneys appointed under this Section.
    (b) Upon the request of a mother or child seeking to establish the existence of a father and child relationship, the State's Attorney shall represent the mother or child in the trial court. If the child is an applicant for or a recipient of assistance as defined in Section 2‑6 of "The Illinois Public Aid Code", approved April 11, 1967, as amended, or has applied to the Illinois Department of Public Aid for services under Article X of such Code, the Department may file a complaint in the child's behalf under this Act. The Department shall refer the complaint to the Public Aid Claims Enforcement Division of the Office of the Attorney General as provided in Section 12‑16 of "The Illinois Public Aid Code" for enforcement by the Attorney General. Legal representation by the State's Attorney or the Attorney General shall be limited to the establishment and enforcement of an order for support, and shall not extend to visitation, custody, property or other matters. If visitation, custody, property or other matters are raised by a party and considered by the court in any proceeding under this Act, the court shall provide a continuance sufficient to enable the mother or child to obtain representation for such matters.
    (c) The Court may appoint counsel to represent any indigent defendant in the trial court, except that this representation shall be limited to the establishment of a parent and child relationship and an order for support, and shall not extend to visitation, custody, property, enforcement of an order for support, or other matters. If visitation, custody, property or other matters are raised by a party and considered by the court in any proceeding under this Act, the court shall provide a continuance sufficient to enable the defendant to obtain representation for such matters.
    (d) The court shall furnish on request of any indigent party a transcript for purposes of appeal.
(Source: P.A. 91‑410, eff. 1‑1‑00; 92‑590, eff. 7‑1‑02.)

    (750 ILCS 45/19) (from Ch. 40, par. 2519)
    Sec. 19. Action to Declare Mother and Child Relationship. Any interested party may bring an action to determine the existence or non‑existence of a mother and child relationship. Insofar as practicable, the provisions of this Act applicable to the father and child relationship shall apply to the mother and child relationship, including, but not limited to the obligation to support.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/20) (from Ch. 40, par. 2520)
    Sec. 20. Withholding of Income to Secure Payment of Support. Orders for support entered under this Act are subject to the Income Withholding for Support Act.
(Source: P.A. 90‑18, eff. 7‑1‑97; 90‑425, eff. 8‑15‑97; 90‑655, eff. 7‑30‑98; 90‑673, eff. 1‑1‑99; 90‑790, eff. 8‑14‑98; 91‑357, eff. 7‑29‑99.)

    (750 ILCS 45/20.5)
    Sec. 20.5. Information concerning obligors.
    (a) In this Section:
    "Arrearage", "delinquency", "obligor", and "order for support" have the meanings attributed to those terms in the Income Withholding for Support Act.
    "Consumer reporting agency" has the meaning attributed to that term in Section 603(f) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. 1681a(f).
    (b) Whenever a court of competent jurisdiction finds that an obligor either owes an arrearage of more than $10,000 or is delinquent in payment of an amount equal to at least 3 months' support obligation pursuant to an order for support, the court shall direct the clerk of the court to make information concerning the obligor available to consumer reporting agencies.
    (c) Whenever a court of competent jurisdiction finds that an obligor either owes an arrearage of more than $10,000 or is delinquent in payment of an amount equal to at least 3 months' support obligation pursuant to an order for support, the court shall direct the clerk of the court to cause the obligor's name and address to be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the obligor resides. The clerk shall cause the obligor's name and address to be published only after sending to the obligor at the obligor's last known address, by certified mail, return receipt requested, a notice of intent to publish the information. This subsection (c) applies only if the obligor resides in the county in which the clerk of the court holds office.
(Source: P.A. 90‑466, eff. 1‑1‑98; 90‑673, eff. 1‑1‑99.)

    (750 ILCS 45/20.7)
    Sec. 20.7. Interest on support obligations. A support obligation, or any portion of a support obligation, which becomes due and remains unpaid as of the end of each month, excluding the child support that was due for that month to the extent that it was not paid in that month, shall accrue simple interest as set forth in Section 12‑109 of the Code of Civil Procedure. An order for support entered or modified on or after January 1, 2006 shall contain a statement that a support obligation required under the order, or any portion of a support obligation required under the order, that becomes due and remains unpaid as of the end of each month, excluding the child support that was due for that month to the extent that it was not paid in that month, shall accrue simple interest as set forth in Section 12‑109 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Failure to include the statement in the order for support does not affect the validity of the order or the accrual of interest as provided in this Section.
(Source: P.A. 94‑90, eff. 1‑1‑06.)

    (750 ILCS 45/21)(from Ch. 40, par. 2521)
    Sec. 21. Support payments; receiving and disbursing agents.
    (1) In an action filed in a county of less than 3 million population in which an order for child support is entered, and in supplementary proceedings in such a county to enforce or vary the terms of such order arising out of an action filed in such a county, the court, except in actions or supplementary proceedings in which the pregnancy and delivery expenses of the mother or the child support payments are for a recipient of aid under the Illinois Public Aid Code, shall direct that child support payments be made to the clerk of the court unless in the discretion of the court exceptional circumstances warrant otherwise. In cases where payment is to be made to persons other than the clerk of the court the judgment or order of support shall set forth the facts of the exceptional circumstances.
    (2) In an action filed in a county of 3 million or more population in which an order for child support is entered, and in supplementary proceedings in such a county to enforce or vary the terms of such order arising out of an action filed in such a county, the court, except in actions or supplementary proceedings in which the pregnancy and delivery expenses of the mother or the child support payments are for a recipient of aid under the Illinois Public Aid Code, shall direct that child support payments be made either to the clerk of the court or to the Court Service Division of the County Department of Public Aid, or to the clerk of the court or to the Illinois Department of Public Aid, unless in the discretion of the court exceptional circumstances warrant otherwise. In cases where payment is to be made to persons other than the clerk of the court, the Court Service Division of the County Department of Public Aid, or the Illinois Department of Public Aid, the judgment or order of support shall set forth the facts of the exceptional circumstances.
    (3) Where the action or supplementary proceeding is in behalf of a mother for pregnancy and delivery expenses or for child support, or both, and the mother, child, or both, are recipients of aid under the Illinois Public Aid Code, the court shall order that the payments be made directly to (a) the Illinois Department of Public Aid if the mother or child, or both, are recipients under Articles IV or V of the Code, or (b) the local governmental unit responsible for the support of the mother or child, or both, if they are recipients under Articles VI or VII of the Code. In accordance with federal law and regulations, the Illinois Department of Public Aid may continue to collect current maintenance payments or child support payments, or both, after those persons cease to receive public assistance and until termination of services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code. The Illinois Department of Public Aid shall pay the net amount collected to those persons after deducting any costs incurred in making the collection or any collection fee from the amount of any recovery made. The Illinois Department of Public Aid or the local governmental unit, as the case may be, may direct that payments be made directly to the mother of the child, or to some other person or agency in the child's behalf, upon the removal of the mother and child from the public aid rolls or upon termination of services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code; and upon such direction, the Illinois Department or the local governmental unit, as the case requires, shall give notice of such action to the court in writing or by electronic transmission.
    (4) All clerks of the court and the Court Service Division of a County Department of Public Aid and the Illinois Department of Public Aid, receiving child support payments under paragraphs (1) or (2) shall disburse the same to the person or persons entitled thereto under the terms of the order. They shall establish and maintain clear and current records of all moneys received and disbursed and of defaults and delinquencies in required payments. The court, by order or rule, shall make provision for the carrying out of these duties.
    Payments under this Section to the Illinois Department of Public Aid pursuant to the Child Support Enforcement Program established by Title IV‑D of the Social Security Act shall be paid into the Child Support Enforcement Trust Fund. All payments under this Section to the Illinois Department of Human Services shall be deposited in the DHS Recoveries Trust Fund. Disbursement from these funds shall be as provided in the Illinois Public Aid Code. Payments received by a local governmental unit shall be deposited in that unit's General Assistance Fund.
    (5) The moneys received by persons or agencies designated by the court shall be disbursed by them in accordance with the order. However, the court, on petition of the state's attorney, may enter new orders designating the clerk of the court or the Illinois Department of Public Aid, as the person or agency authorized to receive and disburse child support payments and, in the case of recipients of public aid, the court, on petition of the Attorney General or State's Attorney, shall direct subsequent payments to be paid to the Illinois Department of Public Aid or to the appropriate local governmental unit, as provided in paragraph (3). Payments of child support by principals or sureties on bonds, or proceeds of any sale for the enforcement of a judgment shall be made to the clerk of the court, the Illinois Department of Public Aid or the appropriate local governmental unit, as the respective provisions of this Section require.
    (6) For those cases in which child support is payable to the clerk of the circuit court for transmittal to the Illinois Department of Public Aid by order of court or upon notification by the Illinois Department of Public Aid, the clerk shall transmit all such payments, within 4 working days of receipt, to insure that funds are available for immediate distribution by the Department to the person or entity entitled thereto in accordance with standards of the Child Support Enforcement Program established under Title IV‑D of the Social Security Act. The clerk shall notify the Department of the date of receipt and amount thereof at the time of transmittal. Where the clerk has entered into an agreement of cooperation with the Department to record the terms of child support orders and payments made thereunder directly into the Department's automated data processing system, the clerk shall account for, transmit and otherwise distribute child support payments in accordance with such agreement in lieu of the requirements contained herein.
    (7) To the extent the provisions of this Section are inconsistent with the requirements pertaining to the State Disbursement Unit under Section 21.1 of this Act and Section 10‑26 of the Illinois Public Aid Code, the requirements pertaining to the State Disbursement Unit shall apply.
(Source: P.A. 94‑88, eff. 1‑1‑06.)

    (750 ILCS 45/21.1)
    Sec. 21.1. Payment of Support to State Disbursement Unit.
    (a) As used in this Section:
    "Order for support", "obligor", "obligee", and "payor" mean those terms as defined in the Income Withholding for Support Act, except that "order for support" shall not mean orders providing for spousal maintenance under which there is no child support obligation.
    (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act to the contrary, each order for support entered or modified on or after October 1, 1999 shall require that support payments be made to the State Disbursement Unit established under Section 10‑26 of the Illinois Public Aid Code if:
        (1) a party to the order is receiving child support
    
enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code; or
        (2) no party to the order is receiving child support
    
enforcement services, but the support payments are made through income withholding.
    (c) Support payments shall be made to the State Disbursement Unit if:
        (1) the order for support was entered before October
    
1, 1999, and a party to the order is receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code; or
        (2) no party to the order is receiving child support
    
enforcement services, and the support payments are being made through income withholding.
    (c‑5) If no party to the order is receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, and the support payments are not made through income withholding, then support payments shall be made as directed by the order for support.
    (c‑10) At any time, and notwithstanding the existence of an order directing payments to be made elsewhere, the Department of Public Aid may provide notice to the obligor and, where applicable, to the obligor's payor:
        (1) to make support payments to the State
    
Disbursement Unit if:
            (A) a party to the order for support is
        
receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code; or
            (B) no party to the order for support is
        
receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, but the support payments are made through income withholding; or
        (2) to make support payments to the State
    
Disbursement Unit of another state upon request of another state's Title IV‑D child support enforcement agency, in accordance with the requirements of Title IV, Part D of the Social Security Act and regulations promulgated under that Part D.
    The Department of Public Aid shall provide a copy of the notice to the obligee and to the clerk of the circuit court.
    (c‑15) Within 15 days after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 91st General Assembly, the clerk of the circuit court shall provide written notice to the obligor to directly to the clerk of the circuit court if no party to the order is receiving child support enforcement services under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code, the support payments are not made through income withholding, and the order for support requires support payments to be made directly to the clerk of the circuit court. The clerk shall provide a copy of the notice to the obligee.
    (c‑20) If the State Disbursement Unit receives a support payment that was not appropriately made to the Unit under this Section, the Unit shall immediately return the payment to the sender, including, if possible, instructions detailing where to send the support payments.
    (d) The notices under subsections (c‑10) and (c‑15) may be sent by ordinary mail, certified mail, return receipt requested, facsimile transmission, or other electronic process, or may be served upon the obligor or payor using any method provided by law for service of a summons.
(Source: P.A. 91‑212, eff. 7‑20‑99; 91‑677, eff. 1‑5‑00; 92‑590, eff. 7‑1‑02.)

    (750 ILCS 45/22) (from Ch. 40, par. 2522)
    Sec. 22. In all cases instituted by the Illinois Department of Public Aid on behalf of a child or spouse, other than one receiving a grant of financial aid under Article IV of The Illinois Public Aid Code, on whose behalf an application has been made and approved for child support enforcement services as provided by Section 10‑1 of that Code, the court shall impose a collection fee on the individual who owes a child or spouse support obligation in an amount equal to 10% of the amount so owed as long as such collection is required by federal law, which fee shall be in addition to the support obligation. The imposition of such fee shall be in accordance with provisions of Title IV, Part D, of the Social Security Act and regulations duly promulgated thereunder. The fee shall be payable to the clerk of the circuit court for transmittal to the Illinois Department of Public Aid and shall continue until support services are terminated by that Department.
(Source: P.A. 92‑590, eff. 7‑1‑02.)

    (750 ILCS 45/23) (from Ch. 40, par. 2523)
    Sec. 23. Notice to Clerk of Circuit Court of Payment Received by Illinois Department of Public Aid for Recording. For those cases in which support is payable to the clerk of the circuit court for transmittal to the Illinois Department of Public Aid by order of court, and the Illinois Department of Public Aid collects support by assignment offset, withhold, deduction or other process permitted by law, the Illinois Department of Public Aid shall notify the clerk of the date and amount of such collection. Upon notification, the clerk shall record the collection on the payment record for the case.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/25) (from Ch. 40, par. 2525)
    Sec. 25. Except as provided in Section 8 of this Act, the repeal of the "Paternity Act", approved July 5, 1957, as amended, shall not affect rights or liabilities which have accrued thereunder and which have been determined, settled or adjudicated prior to the effective date of this Act or which are the subject of proceedings pending thereunder on such effective date. Provided further, this Act shall not be construed to bar an action which would have been barred because the action had not been filed within the then applicable time limitation, or which could not have been maintained under the "Paternity Act," approved July 5, 1957 and repealed hereunder, as long as the limitations periods set forth in Section 8 of this Act are complied with.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/26) (from Ch. 40, par. 2526)
    Sec. 26. If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the Act which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this Act are severable.
(Source: P.A. 83‑1372.)

    (750 ILCS 45/27)
    Sec. 27. Other states' establishments of paternity. Establishments of paternity made under the laws of other states shall be given full faith and credit in this State regardless of whether paternity was established through voluntary acknowledgment, tests to determine inherited characteristics, or judicial or administrative processes.
(Source: P.A. 90‑18, eff. 7‑1‑97.)

    (750 ILCS 45/28)
    Sec. 28. Notice of child support enforcement services. The Illinois Department of Public Aid may provide notice at any time to the parties to an action filed under this Act that child support enforcement services are being provided by the Illinois Department under Article X of the Illinois Public Aid Code. The notice shall be sent by regular mail to the party's last known address on file with the clerk of the court or the State Case Registry established under Section 10‑27 of the Illinois Public Aid Code. After notice is provided pursuant to this Section, the Illinois Department shall be entitled, as if it were a party, to notice of any further proceedings brought in the case. The Illinois Department shall provide the clerk of the court with copies of the notices sent to the parties. The clerk shall file the copies in the court file.
(Source: P.A. 94‑88, eff. 1‑1‑06.)

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