2025 Code of Georgia
Title 48 - Revenue and Taxation (Chs. 1 — 18)
Chapter 7 - Income Taxes (Arts. 1 — 7)
Article 2 - Imposition, Rate, Computation, Exemptions, and Credits (§§ 48-7-20 — 48-7-42)
Annotations
Notes
Editor’s notes.Ga. L. 1987, p. 191, § 10, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that this Act is applicable to taxable years ending on or after March 11, 1987, and that a taxpayer with a taxable year ending on or after January 1, 1987, and before March 11, 1987, may elect to have the provisions of that Act apply.
Ga. L. 1987, p. 191, § 10, not codified by the General Assembly, also provides that tax, penalty, and interest liabilities and refund eligibility for prior taxable years shall not be affected by that Act.
Ga. L. 1987, p. 191, § 10, not codified by the General Assembly, also provides that provisions of the federal Tax Reform Act of 1986 and of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which as of January 1, 1987, were not yet effective become effective for purposes of Georgia taxation on the same dates as they become effective for federal purposes.
Research References & Practice Aids
Cross references.Tax deduction for fluoride-removing devices, § 12-5-175.
Tax deductible contributions made to Georgia Student Finance Authority, § 20-3-322.
Payments for relocation assistance shall not be considered income, § 22-4-13.
Law reviews.For note on the 1994 amendments of Code Sections 48-7-40 to 48-7-40.1 and enactment of Code Sections 48-7-40.2 to 48-7-40.6 of this article, see 11 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 249 (1994).
RESEARCH REFERENCES ALR.Bond or warrant of governmental subdivision as subject of taxation or exemption, 26 A. L. R. 547; 44 A. L. R. 510.
Licensing tax on forwarding or local agency rendering services incidental to interstate shipments, 34 A. L. R. 912.
Nature of interest of special partner for purpose of income tax, 45 A. L. R. 1381.
Gains from unlawful business or transactions as subject of income tax, 51 A. L. R. 1026; 166 A. L. R. 891.
Year in which loss or bad debt must be charged in order to be allowed as a deduction from taxpayer’s income, 55 A. L. R. 1280; 67 A. L. R. 1015; 121 A. L. R. 697; 135 A. L. R. 1430.
What is a personal service corporation within Internal Revenue Act, 59 A. L. R. 1279.
Gift or trust for benefit of employees of corporation or business as within exemption or deduction provisions of succession tax or income tax law, 71 A. L. R. 870.
Excise tax on corporations as factor in determining question as to discrimination against individuals in favor of corporations in respect of property or income tax upon former, 73 A. L. R. 737.
Applicability, construction, and effect of provision of Income Tax Act excluding from income subject to tax the value of property acquired by gift, devise, bequest, or descent, 73 A. L. R. 1536; 119 A. L. R. 415.
Right of taxpayer to relief from his own errors in assessing his income tax or making out his income tax return, 80 A. L. R. 377.
Liability for income tax in respect of amount of tax paid by another, 91 A. L. R. 1270.
Interest on bonds or other obligations issued by municipalities or other political units of state as subject of state income tax in absence of express exemption, 98 A. L. R. 1346.
What constitutes doing business, business done, or the like, outside the state for purposes of allocation of income under tax laws, 167 A. L. R. 943.
Right of employer to deduct, for income tax purposes, premiums paid on insurance or annuity contracts for benefit of employees, 9 A. L. R.2d 280.
Income tax: market value as ascribable to agreement to pay a life annuity to another for purpose of determining capital gain or loss, 12 A. L. R.2d 589.
Hierarchy Notes:O. C. G. A. Title 48
O. C. G. A. Title 48, Ch. 7
- § 48-7-20. Individual tax rates; credit for withholding and other payments; applicability to estates and trusts
- § 48-7-20.1. Tax refund credit for qualified taxpayers filing in the 2021 tax year
- § 48-7-20.2. Tax refund credit for qualified taxpayers filing in the 2022 tax year
- § 48-7-20.3. Tax refund credit for qualified taxpayers filing in the 2023 and 2024 tax years
- § 48-7-20.4. Tax refund credit for qualified taxpayers filing in the 2024 and 2025 tax years
- § 48-7-21. [Effective July 1, 2026] Taxation of corporations; rate; adjustments
- § 48-7-21.1. [Effective July 1, 2026] Deductibility of compensation as business expense
- § 48-7-22. Taxation of fiduciaries, estates, and trusts
- § 48-7-23. [Effective July 1, 2026] Taxation of partnerships
- § 48-7-24. Taxation of members of partnerships
- § 48-7-25. Exempt corporations and organizations; requirements and procedures; taxation of unrelated income
- § 48-7-26. Personal exemptions
- § 48-7-27. [Effective July 1, 2026; Effective until January 1, 2027] Computation of taxable net income
- § 48-7-27. [Effective January 1, 2027] Computation of taxable net income
- § 48-7-27.1. Tax credits for individuals electing to itemize nonbusiness deductions
- § 48-7-28. Reciprocity
- § 48-7-28.1. Tax repayments and benefits
- § 48-7-28.2. Employer social security credits
- § 48-7-28.3. [Effective July 1, 2026] Expenses from transactions with related members
- § 48-7-28.4. [Effective July 1, 2026] Expenses paid to captive real estate investment trusts
- § 48-7-28.5. Catastrophe savings accounts; contributions and distributions; deductions and exemptions
- § 48-7-29. [Effective July 1, 2026] (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for rural physicians
- § 48-7-29.1. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for retrofitting certain single-family homes with accessibility features
- § 48-7-29.2. Tax credits for qualified caregiving expenses
- § 48-7-29.3. [Reserved] Tax credits for federal qualified transportation fringe benefits
- § 48-7-29.4. Tax credits for disaster assistance funds received
- § 48-7-29.5. [Reserved] Tax credits for private driver education courses of minors; required documentation; rules and regulations
- § 48-7-29.6. Tax credits for qualified low-income buildings
- § 48-7-29.7. Tax credits for depository financial institutions
- § 48-7-29.8. [Effective July 1, 2026] (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for the rehabilitation of historic structures
- § 48-7-29.9. Tax credits for qualified life insurance premiums for active duty National Guard and Air National Guard members
- § 48-7-29.10. Tax credits for qualified child and dependent care expenses
- § 48-7-29.11. [Reserved] Tax credits for eligible teleworking expenses
- § 48-7-29.12. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for donation of real property for conservation purposes
- § 48-7-29.13. (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for qualified health insurance expenses
- § 48-7-29.14. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for clean energy property
- § 48-7-29.15. Tax credits for the adoption of foster children
- § 48-7-29.16. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for contributions to student scholarship organizations
- § 48-7-29.17. Tax credits for purchase of eligible single-family residence
- § 48-7-29.18. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for purchasers of alternative fuel heavy-duty and medium-duty vehicles
- § 48-7-29.19. Procedures, conditions, and limitations for tax credits for purchasers of alternative fuel heavy-duty and medium-duty vehicles
- § 48-7-29.20. (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for contributions to rural hospital organizations
- § 48-7-29.21. [Effective July 1, 2026] (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for donations to nonprofit corporations awarding grants to public schools
- § 48-7-29.22. [Repealed effective December 31, 2030] Tax credits for certain medical preceptor rotations
- § 48-7-29.23. Tax credits for teachers in the teacher recruitment and retention program
- § 48-7-29.24. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for contributions to foster child support organizations
- § 48-7-29.25. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for contributions to law enforcement foundations
- § 48-7-29.26. [Effective July 1, 2026] (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for rural health care professionals
- § 48-7-29.27. Tax credits for qualifying child
- § 48-7-29.28. (Reserved effective December 31, 2030.) Tax credits for eligible child care payments
- § 48-7-30. Taxation of nonresident’s net income derived from activities within state; separate accounting; deductions; applicability of provisions for corporations to nonresidents
- § 48-7-31. [Effective July 1, 2026] Taxation of corporations; computation, allocation, and apportionment of income
- § 48-7-31.1. Allocation and apportionment pursuant to agreement; conditions and criteria; records
- § 48-7-32. Taxation of railroad and public service corporations; net income
- § 48-7-33. Annual accounting periods
- § 48-7-34. Returns of corporations and nonresidents based on books of account
- § 48-7-35. Returns of corporations and nonresidents based on other methods of allocation
- § 48-7-36. Tolling of time limits for filings by reason of war related service in armed forces
- § 48-7-37. Relief from taxes for death in combat zone of active duty armed service member
- § 48-7-38. [Effective July 1, 2026] Deduction for payments to classified subcontractors; disclosure of tax returns; maintenance of list of classified subcontractors
- § 48-7-39. Depreciation of property placed in service in prior tax years
- § 48-7-40. [Effective July 1, 2026] Designation of counties as less developed areas; tax credits for certain business enterprises
- § 48-7-40.1. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for business enterprises in less developed areas
- § 48-7-40.1A. [Repealed] Tax credits for personal protective equipment manufacturers
- § 48-7-40.1B. [Repealed] Tax credits for manufacturers of medical equipment and supplies, pharmaceuticals, and medicine
- § 48-7-40.2. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for existing manufacturing and telecommunications facilities in tier 1 counties
- § 48-7-40.3. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for existing manufacturing and telecommunications facilities in tier 2 counties
- § 48-7-40.4. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for existing manufacturing and telecommunications facilities or support facilities in tier 3 or 4 counties
- § 48-7-40.4A. [Effective July 1, 2026] Aggregate amount of tax credits allowed to forestry manufacturers; renewal or extension requirements; rules and regulations
- § 48-7-40.5. Tax credits for employers providing approved retraining programs
- § 48-7-40.6. Tax credits for employers providing child care
- § 48-7-40.7. Alternative tax credits for existing manufacturing and telecommunications facilities or support facilities in tier 1 counties
- § 48-7-40.8. Alternative tax credits for existing manufacturing and telecommunications facilities in tier 2 counties
- § 48-7-40.9. Alternative tax credits for existing manufacturing and telecommunications facilities or support facilities in tier 3 or 4 counties
- § 48-7-40.10. [Reserved] Tax credits for water conservation facilities and qualified water conservation investment property
- § 48-7-40.11. [Reserved] Tax credits for shift from ground-water usage
- § 48-7-40.12. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for qualified research expenses
- § 48-7-40.13. [Reserved] "Business enterprise" defined; tax credit
- § 48-7-40.14. Calculation of new full-time jobs
- § 48-7-40.15. [Reserved] Tax credits for base year port traffic increases
- § 48-7-40.15A. [Repealed] Tax credit for employer with base year port traffic increases
- § 48-7-40.16. [Reserved] Tax credits for alternative fuel, low-emission, and zero emission vehicles and electric vehicle chargers
- § 48-7-40.17. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for establishing or relocating quality jobs
- § 48-7-40.18. [Reserved] Tax credits for businesses headquartered in state; full-time jobs
- § 48-7-40.19. [Reserved] Diesel particulate emission reduction technology equipment; tax credit
- § 48-7-40.20. [Reserved] Tax credits for businesses engaged in manufacturing cigarettes for exportation
- § 48-7-40.21. Tax credits for existing business enterprises undergoing qualified business expansion
- § 48-7-40.22. [Reserved] Tax credits for business enterprises that purchase or lease a motor vehicle to provide transportation for employees
- § 48-7-40.23. Election to count new jobs on calendar year basis
- § 48-7-40.24. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for jobs associated with large-scale projects
- § 48-7-40.25. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for investment in expanding existing manufacturing facilities; enhancements for high-impact aerospace defense projects
- § 48-7-40.26. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for film, gaming, video, or digital production
- § 48-7-40.26A. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for postproduction expenditures
- § 48-7-40.27. (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for qualified investments in a research fund
- § 48-7-40.28. (Reserved effective December 31, 2029.) Tax credits for qualified investments in an entity invested in by a research fund
- § 48-7-40.29. (For effective date, see note.) Tax credits for qualified equipment that reduces business or domestic energy or water usage
- § 48-7-40.30. Tax credits for qualified investments in qualified Georgia businesses
- § 48-7-40.31. Tax credits for employing qualified parolees
- § 48-7-40.32. (Reserved effective December 31, 2032.) Tax credits for certain expenditures in revitalization zones
- § 48-7-40.33. [Reserved] Tax credits for musical or theatrical performances
- § 48-7-40.34. [Repealed effective January 1, 2027] Tax credits for Class III railroads
- § 48-7-40.35. [Reserved] Tax credits for certain post-consumer waste material recycling facilities
- § 48-7-40.36. [Effective July 1, 2026] Tax credits for timber producers incurring losses from Hurricane Michael
- § 48-7-40.37. Tax credits for timber producers incurring losses from Hurricane Helene
- § 48-7-41. [Reserved] Basic skills education program credits
- § 48-7-42. Affiliated entities; assignment of corporate income tax credits; carryover of unused credits; joint and severable liability