2022 Georgia Code
Title 41 - Nuisances
Chapter 1 - General Provisions
§ 41-1-7. Treatment of Agricultural Facilities and Operations and Forest Land as Nuisances

1. It is the declared policy of the state to conserve, protect, and encourage the development and improvement of its agricultural and forest land and facilities for the production or distribution of food and other agricultural products, including without limitation forest products. When nonagricultural land uses extend into agricultural or agriculture-supporting industrial or commercial areas or forest land or when there are changed conditions in or around the locality of an agricultural facility or agricultural support facility, such operations often become the subject of nuisance actions. As a result, such facilities are sometimes forced to cease operations. Many others are discouraged from making investments in agricultural support facilities or farm improvements or adopting new related technology or methods. It is the purpose of this Code section to reduce losses of the state’s agricultural and forest land resources by limiting the circumstances under which agricultural facilities and operations or agricultural support facilities may be deemed to be a nuisance.
2. As used in this Code section, the term:
   1. “Agricultural facility” includes, but is not limited to, any land, building, structure, pond, impoundment, appurtenance, machinery, or equipment which is used for the commercial production or processing of crops, livestock, animals, poultry, honeybees, honeybee products, livestock products, poultry products, timber, forest products, or products which are used in commercial aquaculture. Such term shall also include any farm labor camp or facilities for migrant farm workers.
   2. “Agricultural operation” means:
      1. The plowing, tilling, or preparation of soil at an agricultural facility;
      2. The planting, growing, fertilizing, harvesting, or otherwise maintaining of crops as defined in Code Section 1-3-3 and also timber and trees that are grown for purposes other than for harvest and for sale;
      3. The application of pesticides, herbicides, or other chemicals, compounds, or substances to crops, weeds, or soil in connection with the production of crops, timber, livestock, animals, or poultry;
      4. The breeding, hatching, raising, producing, feeding, keeping, slaughtering, or processing of livestock, hogs, equines, chickens, turkeys, poultry or other fowl normally raised for food, mules, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, rabbits, or similar farm animals for commercial purposes;
      5. The production and keeping of honeybees, the production of honeybee products, and honeybee processing facilities;
      6. The production, processing, or packaging of eggs or egg products;
      7. The manufacturing of feed for poultry or livestock;
      8. The rotation of crops, including without limitation timber production;
      9. Commercial aquaculture;
      10. The application of existing, changed, or new technology, practices, processes, or procedures to any agricultural operation; and
      11. The operation of any roadside market.
   3. “Agricultural support facility” means any food processing plant or forest products processing plant together with all related or ancillary activities, including trucking; provided, however, that this term expressly excludes any rendering plant facility or operation.
   4. “Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation,” or “CAFO,” means the same as that term is used pursuant to subsections (b) and (c) of 40 C.F.R. Section 122.23.
   5. “Food processing plant” means a commercial operation that manufactures, packages, labels, distributes, or stores food for human consumption and does not provide food directly to a consumer.
   6. “Forest products processing plant” means a commercial operation that manufactures, packages, labels, distributes, or stores any forest product or that manufactures, packages, labels, distributes, or stores any building material made from gypsum rock.
   7. “Rendering plant” has the meaning provided by Code Section 4-4-40.
3. No private nuisance action shall be filed against any agricultural facility, agricultural operation, any agricultural operation at an agricultural facility, agricultural support facility, or any operation at an agricultural support facility unless the plaintiff legally possesses the real property affected by the conditions alleged to be a nuisance.
4. No agricultural facility, agricultural operation, any agricultural operation at an agricultural facility, agricultural support facility, or any operation at an agricultural support facility shall be or shall become a nuisance, either public or private if the facility or operation has been in operation for two years or more. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply when a nuisance results from the negligent, improper, or illegal operation of any such facility or operation.
5. For purposes of this Code section, the established date of operation is the date on which an agricultural operation or agricultural support facility commenced operation. If the physical facilities of the agricultural operation or the agricultural support facility are subsequently expanded or new technology adopted, the established date of operation for each change is not a separately and independently established date of operation and the commencement of the expanded operation does not divest the agricultural operation or agricultural support facility of a previously established date of operation.
6. For purposes of this Code section, the commencement of operation of a CAFO shall create a separately and independently established date of operation for that portion of the agricultural facility, agricultural operation, any agricultural operation at an agricultural facility, agricultural support facility, or any operation at an agricultural support facility relating to the newly established CAFO.
7. Nothing in this Code section shall preempt or override any present or future rule or regulation of the Georgia Environmental Protection Division or the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

History. Ga. L. 1980, p. 1253, §§ 1, 2; Ga. L. 1988, p. 1775, § 1; Ga. L. 1989, p. 317, § 1; Ga. L. 2002, p. 817, § 1; Ga. L. 2004, p. 681, § 1; Ga. L. 2007, p. 267, § 1/SB 101; Ga. L. 2022, p. 87, § 2/HB 1150.

The 2022 amendment, effective July 1, 2022, rewrote subsection (b); added subsections (c), (f), and (g); redesignated former subsections (c) and (d) as present subsections (d) and (e), respectively; and, in the first sentence in subsection (d), deleted “, as a result of changed conditions in or around the locality of such facility or operation” following “private” and substituted “two years” for “one year”.

Cross references.

Legislative declaration of intent to encourage development and operation of new family farms through establishment of Georgia Residential Finance Authority, § 8-3-171 .

Code Commission notes.

Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1988, the correct spelling of “technology” was substituted in the second sentence of subsection (d).

Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 2004, “however, that this” was substituted for “however, this” paragraph (b)(3.1).

Editor’s notes.

Ga. L. 2022, p. 87, § 1/HB 1150, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “This Act shall be known and may be cited as the ‘Freedom to Farm Act.’”

Law reviews.

For article, “Agricultural Nuisances and the Georgia ‘Right to Farm’ Law,” see 23 Ga. St. B.J. 19 (1986).

For article, “Agricultural Nuisances Under the Amended Georgia ‘Right-to-Farm’ Law,” see 25 Ga. St. B.J. 36 (1988).