2021 Georgia Code
Title 31 - Health
Chapter 8 - Care and Protection of Indigent and Elderly Patients
Article 3 - Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program
§ 31-8-55. (See Editor's notes.) Entry and Investigative Authority; Cooperation of Government Agencies; Communication With Residents

1. The state ombudsman or community ombudsman, on his or her initiative or in response to complaints made by or on behalf of residents of long-term care facilities, may conduct investigations in matters within his or her powers and duties as provided by this article.
2. The state ombudsman or community ombudsman shall have the authority to enter any long-term care facility and shall use his or her best efforts to enter such facility during normal visiting hours. Upon entering the long-term care facility, the ombudsman shall notify the administrator or, in the absence of the administrator, the person in charge of the facility, before speaking to any residents. After notifying the administrator or the person in charge of the facility, the ombudsman may communicate privately and confidentially with residents of the facility, individually or in groups. The ombudsman shall have access to the medical and social records of any resident if:
   1. The ombudsman has the permission of the resident or the legal representative or guardian of the resident;
   2. The resident is unable to consent to the review and has no legal representative or guardian; or
   3. There is a guardian of the person of the resident and that guardian refuses to permit access to the records necessary to investigate a complaint, and:
      1. There is reasonable cause to believe that the guardian is not acting in the best interests of the resident; and
      2. A community ombudsman obtains the approval of the state ombudsman.

         As used in this Code section, the term "legal representative" means an agent under a valid power of attorney, provided that the agent is acting within the scope of his or her agency; an agent under a durable power of attorney for health care or health care agent under an advance directive for health care; or an executor, executrix, administrator, or administratrix of the estate of a deceased resident. The ombudsman shall have the authority to inspect the physical plant and have access to the administrative records, policies, and documents of the facility to which the residents have or the general public has access. Entry and investigation provided by this Code section shall be conducted in a manner which will not significantly disrupt the provision of nursing or other care to residents.

3. The state ombudsman or community ombudsman shall identify himself or herself as such to the resident, and the resident shall have the right to communicate or refuse to communicate with the ombudsman.
4. The resident shall have the right to participate in planning any course of action to be taken on his or her behalf by the state ombudsman or community ombudsman, and the resident shall have the right to approve or disapprove any proposed action to be taken on his or her behalf by such ombudsman.
5. The state ombudsman and community ombudsman shall have authority to obtain from any government agency, and such agency shall provide, such cooperation and assistance, services, data, and access to files and records as will enable the ombudsman properly to perform his or her duties and exercise his or her powers, provided such information is not privileged under any law.
6. Where the subject of the investigation involves suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a resident by his or her guardian, the state ombudsman or community ombudsman shall have the authority to communicate with the resident in a private and confidential setting notwithstanding any objection by the guardian to such meeting and communication.

(Code 1933, § 88-1906a, enacted by Ga. L. 1979, p. 1240, § 1; Ga. L. 1995, p. 1239, § 1.1; Ga. L. 2007, p. 133, § 11/HB 24.)

- Ga. L. 2007, p. 133, § 1/HB 24, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: "(a) The General Assembly has long recognized the right of the individual to control all aspects of his or her personal care and medical treatment, including the right to insist upon medical treatment, decline medical treatment, or direct that medical treatment be withdrawn. In order to secure these rights, the General Assembly has adopted and amended statutes recognizing the living will and health care agency and provided statutory forms for both documents.

"(b) The General Assembly has determined that the statutory forms for the living will and durable power of attorney for health care are confusing and inconsistent and that the statutes providing for the living will and health care agency contain conflicting concepts, inconsistent and out-of-date terminology, and confusing and inconsistent requirements for execution. In addition, there is a commendable trend among the states to combine the concepts of the living will and health care agency into a single legal document.

"(c) The General Assembly recognizes that a significant number of individuals representing the academic, medical, legislative, and legal communities, state officials, ethics scholars, and advocacy groups worked together to develop the advance directive for health care contained in this Act, and the collective intent was to create a form that uses understandable and everyday language in order to encourage more citizens of this state to execute advance directives for health care.

"(d) The General Assembly finds that the clear expression of an individual's decisions regarding health care, whether made by the individual or an agent appointed by the individual, is of critical importance not only to citizens but also to the health care and legal communities, third parties, and families. In furtherance of these purposes, the General Assembly enacts a new Chapter 32 of Title 31, setting forth general principles governing the expression of decisions regarding health care and the appointment of a health care agent, as well as a form of advance directive for health care."

For application of this statute in 2020 and 2021, see Executive Orders 09.15.20.01, 09.30.20.02, 10.15.20.01, 10.30.20.02, 11.13.20.01, 11.30.20.02, 12.08.20.01, 12.30.20.02, 01.15.21.01, 01.29.21.02, 02.15.21.01, 02.26.21.02, 03.12.21.01, 03.31.21.03, 04.30.21.01, and 05.28.21.02.

A listing of Executive Orders issued in 2020 and 2021 can be found at https://gov.georgia.gov/executive-action/executive-orders.