2021 Georgia Code
Title 10 - Commerce and Trade
Chapter 1 - Selling and Other Trade Practices
Article 22 - Motor Vehicle Franchise Practices
Part 5 - Motor Vehicle Fair Practices
§ 10-1-662. Unlawful Activities by Franchisors

1. It shall be unlawful for any franchisor:
   1. To delay, refuse, or fail to deliver new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle parts or accessories in a reasonable time and in reasonable quantity if such vehicles, parts, or accessories are publicly advertised as being available for immediate delivery. This paragraph is not violated, however, if such failure is caused by acts or causes beyond the control of the franchisor;
   2. To obtain money, goods, services, or any other benefit from any other person with whom the dealer does business, on account of, or in relation to, the transaction between the dealer and such other person, other than as compensation for services rendered, unless such benefit is promptly accounted for and transmitted to the dealer;
   3. To release to any outside party, except under subpoena or as otherwise required by law or in an administrative, judicial, or arbitration proceeding involving the franchisor or dealer, any business, financial, or personal information which may be from time to time provided by the dealer to the franchisor, without the express written consent of the dealer;
   4. To resort to or to use any false or intentionally deceptive advertisement in the conduct of business as a franchisor in this state;
   5. To make any false or intentionally deceptive statement, either directly or through any agent or employee, in order to induce any dealer to enter into any agreement or franchise or to take any action which is prejudicial to that dealer or that dealer's business;
   6. To require any dealer to assent prospectively to a release, assignment, novation, waiver, or estoppel which would relieve any person from liability to be imposed by law or to require any controversy between a dealer and a franchisor to be referred to any person other than the duly constituted courts of the state or the United States if such referral would be binding upon the dealer, provided that this Code section shall not prevent any dealer from entering into a valid release agreement with the franchisor;
   7. To fail to observe good faith in any aspect of dealings between the franchisor and the dealer;
   8. To deny any dealer the right of free association with any other dealer for any lawful purposes;
   9. To engage in any predatory practice or discrimination against any dealer;
   10. To propose or make any material change in any franchise agreement without giving the dealer written notice by certified mail or statutory overnight delivery of such change at least 60 days prior to the effective date of such change;
   11. To cancel a franchise or to take any adverse action against a dealer based in whole or in part on the failure of the dealer to meet the reasonable performance criteria established by the franchisor in light of existing circumstances, including but not limited to current and forecasted economic conditions, or when that failure is due to the failure of the franchisor to supply, within a reasonable period of time, new motor vehicles ordered by or allocated to the dealer;
   12. To offer to sell or lease or to sell or lease any new motor vehicle or accessory to any dealer at a lower actual price therefor than the actual price offered to any other dealer for the same model vehicle similarly equipped or same accessory or to use any device, including but not limited to an incentive, sales promotion plan, or other similar program, which results in a lower actual price of a vehicle or accessory being offered to one dealer and which is not offered to other dealers of vehicles of the same line-make or the same accessory;
   13. To conduct an audit, investigation, or inquiry of any dealer or dealership as to any activity, transaction, conduct, or other occurrence which took place more than one year prior to such audit, investigation, or inquiry or to base any decision adverse to the dealer or dealership on any activity, transaction, conduct, or other occurrence which took place more than one year prior to such decision or which took place more than one year prior to such audit, investigation, or inquiry or to apply the results of an audit, investigation, or inquiry to any activity, transaction, conduct, or other occurrence which took place more than one year prior to such audit, investigation, or inquiry. If the franchisor has reason to believe that fraudulent or intentionally false claims have been submitted, the franchisor may extend the audit, investigation, or inquiry period beyond the time periods provided in this paragraph; provided, however, that in no event shall the time period be extended beyond four years prior to such audit, investigation, or inquiry;
   14. To charge back to, deduct from, or reduce any account of a dealer or any amount of money owed to a dealer by a franchisor any amount of money the franchisor alleges is owed to such franchisor by such dealer as a result of an audit, investigation, or inquiry of such dealer or based upon information obtained by the franchisor through other resources which relates to any transaction that occurred more than one year prior to notice to the dealer of the charge back or deduction, and only if the franchisor can show by a preponderance of evidence that the transaction was fraudulent, intentionally and materially false, not reasonably substantiated, or did not follow the franchisor's written repair or claim submission requirements. A franchisor shall not charge back to, deduct from, or reduce any account of a dealer or any amount owed to a dealer based solely on such dealer's clerical error that does not put into question the legitimacy of the claim. If a claim is rejected for a clerical error, then the dealer may resubmit a corrected claim within 30 days. If a franchisor alleges that a dealer owes such franchisor any amount of money as a result of an audit, investigation, or inquiry, such franchisor shall send a notice to such dealer for such amount and the dealer shall have not less than 30 days to contest such amount or remit payment. If the dealer contests such amount, the charge shall be stayed pending a final resolution as provided in this Code section. Upon the dealer contesting the charge, the parties shall attempt to resolve the dispute through an internal dispute resolution procedure of the franchisor, if available, provided that such procedure occurs within a reasonable amount of time. If the internal dispute resolution procedure is unavailable, unsuccessful, or does not occur in a timely manner, such dealer may file a petition with the commissioner not later than 60 days after receipt of such notice from the franchisor or not later than 30 days after conclusion of the internal dispute resolution procedure, whichever is later. If such a petition is filed, the commissioner shall inform the franchisor, manufacturer, or distributor that a timely petition has been filed and that a hearing shall be held on such issue. In any hearing held pursuant to this paragraph, the burden of proof shall be upon the franchisor to demonstrate by a preponderance of evidence the transaction was fraudulent, intentionally and materially false, not reasonably substantiated or did not follow the franchisor's written repair or claim submission requirements;
   15. To deny, delay payment for, restrict, or bill back a claim by a dealer for payment or reimbursement for warranty service or parts, incentives, hold-backs, special program money, or any other amount owed to such dealer unless such denial, delay, restriction, or bill back is the direct result of a material defect in the claim which affects the validity of the claim;
   16. To engage in business as a dealer or to manage, control, or operate, or own any interest in a dealership either directly or indirectly, if the primary business of such dealer or dealership is to perform repair services on motor vehicles, except motor homes, pursuant to a manufacturer's or franchisor's warranty;
   17. To refuse to allow, to limit, or to restrict a dealer from maintaining, acquiring, or adding a sales or service operation for another line-make of motor vehicles at the same or expanded facility at which the dealer currently operates a dealership unless the franchisor can prove by a preponderance of the evidence that such maintenance, acquisition, or addition will substantially impair the dealer's ability to adequately sell or service such franchisor's motor vehicles;
   18. To directly or indirectly condition a franchise agreement or renewal of a franchise agreement, addition of a line-make, approval of relocation, or approval of a sale or transfer on the dealer's or prospective dealer's willingness to enter into a site control agreement; provided, however, that this paragraph shall not apply to a voluntary agreement when separate and adequate consideration is paid to the dealer. The franchisor shall have the burden of proof to show the voluntary, noncoerced acceptance of the site control agreement by the dealer;
   19. To charge back, withhold payment, deny vehicle allocation, or take other adverse action against a dealer when a new vehicle sold by the dealer has been exported to a foreign country unless the franchisor can demonstrate that the dealer knew or reasonably should have known that the customer intended to export or resell the new vehicle. There shall be a rebuttable presumption that the dealer had no such knowledge if the vehicle is titled or registered in any state in this country;
   20. To take any materially adverse action against a dealer, including a dealer's ability to participate in or receive a benefit or payment owed from any incentive or reimbursement program, based on criteria it has established, implemented, or enforced for measuring the performance, including, but not limited to, sales or service performance, of a dealer unless such criteria:
       1. Is fair, reasonable, and equitable; and
       2. Is based on accurate and relevant information; or
   21. To deny, delay payment for, restrict, or bill back a claim by a dealer for payment or reimbursement for incentives, hold-backs, sales or service promotion or other special program money, or any other amount owed to such dealer by the franchisor, if based solely on the dealer's compliance with a specific program requirement of the franchisor that would cause the dealer to violate a law or any properly promulgated rule or regulation of this state.
2. No action shall in any way be based on this Code section with respect to acts occurring prior to July 1, 1983.

(Code 1981, §10-1-662, enacted by Ga. L. 1993, p. 1585, § 2; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1058, § 2; Ga. L. 1999, p. 1194, § 7; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 3; Ga. L. 2010, p. 988, § 9/HB 1072; Ga. L. 2019, p. 517, § 7/SB 122.)

The 2019 amendment, effective July 1, 2019, in subsection (a), rewrote paragraphs (a)(13) and (a)(14), which read: "(13) To conduct an audit, investigation, or inquiry of any dealer or dealership as to any activity, transaction, conduct, or other occurrence which took place or as to any promotion or special event which ends more than one year prior to such audit, investigation, or inquiry or to base any decision adverse to the dealer or dealership on any activity, transaction, conduct, or other occurrence which took place or as to any promotion or special event which ends more than one year prior to such decision or which took place any time prior to the period of time covered by such audit, investigation, or inquiry or to apply the results of an audit, investigation, or inquiry to any activity, transaction, conduct, or other occurrence which took place any time prior to the time covered by such audit, investigation, or inquiry;

"(14) To charge back to, deduct from, or reduce any account of a dealer or any amount of money owed to a dealer by a franchisor any amount of money the franchisor alleges is owed to such franchisor by such dealer as a result of an audit, investigation, or inquiry of such dealer or based upon information obtained by the franchisor through other resources which relates to any transaction that occurred more than 12 months prior to notice to the dealer of the charge back or deduction, but rather if a franchisor alleges that a dealer owes such franchisor any amount of money as a result of an audit, investigation, or inquiry, such franchisor shall send a notice to such dealer for such amount and the dealer shall have not less than 30 days to contest such amount or remit payment;", deleted "or" at the end of paragraph (a)(18), substituted a semicolon for a period at the end of paragraph (a)(19), and added paragraphs (a)(20) and (a)(21).

- Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 2010, "line-make" was substituted for "line make" near the end of paragraph (a)(12), in the middle of paragraph (a)(17), and in the first sentence of paragraph (a)(18).

- Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 16, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the amendment to this Code section is applicable with respect to notices delivered on or after July 1, 2000.

Ga. L. 2010, p. 988, § 1, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: "WHEREAS, the General Assembly desires to reaffirm the legislative findings and declarations set forth in Code Section 10-1-621 and to make changes to the Georgia Motor Vehicle Franchise Practices Act in an effort to promote the stability of franchised motor vehicle dealerships in this state, thereby maintaining necessary reliable services to the consuming public, maintaining full and fair competition among dealers in the public interest, and providing continued employment to the citizens of this state."