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2020 Georgia Code
Title 53 - Wills, Trusts, and Administration of Estates
Chapter 11 - Proceedings in Probate Court
§ 53-11-11. Authentication or Exemplification of Document

Universal Citation: GA Code § 53-11-11 (2020)
Previous

Whenever it is required that a document to be filed in the probate court be authenticated or exemplified, such requirement shall be met by complying with the provisions of Code Section 24-9-922 and such full faith and credit shall be given to the document as is provided in that Code section.

(Code 1981, §53-11-11, enacted by Ga. L. 1996, p. 504, § 10; Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 100/HB 24; Ga. L. 2015, p. 5, § 53/HB 90.)

The 2011 amendment, effective January 1, 2013, substituted "Code Section 24-7-922" for "Code Section 24-7-24" in the middle of this Code section. See editor's note for applicability.

The 2015 amendment, effective March 13, 2015, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, substituted "Code Section 24-9-922" for "Code Section 24-7-922" near the middle of this Code section.

Editor's notes.

- Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 101/HB 24, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that this Act shall apply to any motion made or hearing or trial commenced on or after January 1, 2013.

Law reviews.

- For article, "Evidence," see 27 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 1 (2011). For article on the 2011 amendment of this Code section, see 28 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 1 (2011).

CHAPTER 12 TRUSTS Article 1 General Provisions.
  • 53-12-1. Short title; effect on existing trusts.
  • 53-12-2. Definitions.
  • 53-12-3. Survival of common law and equity.
  • 53-12-4. Law governing the validity of the trust.
  • 53-12-5. Law governing the meaning and effect of trust provisions.
  • 53-12-6. (For effective date, see note.) Jurisdiction.
  • 53-12-7. (For effective date, see note.) When trust and chapter conflict.
  • 53-12-8. (For effective date, see note.) Notice to person permitted to bind another person; consent on behalf of another person; representation of others.
  • 53-12-9. (For effective date, see note.) Binding nonjudicial settlement agreement.
Article 2 Creation and Validity of Express Trusts.
  • 53-12-20. Express trusts.
  • 53-12-21. Formal and precatory words.
  • 53-12-22. (For effective date, see note.) Trust purposes and conditions in terrorem.
  • 53-12-23. Capacity of settlor.
  • 53-12-24. Non-merger.
  • 53-12-25. Transfer of property in trust.
  • 53-12-26. Additions to trust property.
  • 53-12-27. Construction; parol evidence.
  • 53-12-28. Trusts for animals.
Article 3 Revocable Trusts.
  • 53-12-40. Revocation and modification generally.
  • 53-12-41. Trustee's consent necessary to enlarge duties.
  • 53-12-42. Notice to trustee.
  • 53-12-43. Power of agent or conservator to revoke trust.
  • 53-12-44. Trust not revocable because life estate holder has reversion.
  • 53-12-45. Limitation on action contesting validity of revocable trust.
Article 4 Reformation, Modification, Division, Consolidation, and Termination of Trusts.
  • 53-12-60. (For effective date, see note.) Reformation to correct mistakes.
  • 53-12-61. (For effective date, see note.) Power to direct modification or termination; petition to modify or terminate irrevocable trust; proceeding to approve proposed modification or termination; distribution of trust property under order for termination; waiver of notice.
  • 53-12-62. (For effective date, see note.) Power of trustee to invade principal of original trust.
  • 53-12-63. Division and consolidation of trusts [Repealed].
  • 53-12-64. Termination of trusts [Repealed].
  • 53-12-65. Modification or termination of uneconomic trust.
Article 5 Spendthrift Provisions and Creditors' Rights and Claims.
  • 53-12-80. Spendthrift provisions.
  • 53-12-81. (For effective date, see note.) Limitations on creditors' rights to discretionary distributions.
  • 53-12-82. (For effective date, see note.) Rules for trusts; consideration of assets of an inter vivos marital trust following death.
  • 53-12-83. Creditors' claims against property that is subject to withdrawal right.
Article 6 Testamentary Additions to Trusts. Part 1 TESTAMENTARY ADDITIONS TO TRUSTS.
  • 53-12-100. Short title.
  • 53-12-101. Making of testamentary additions to trusts.
  • 53-12-102. Limitations of duties and responsibilities of trustee.
  • 53-12-103. Effect on prior and subsequent wills.
Part 2 TRUSTS AS BENEFICIARIES.
  • 53-12-120. Trusts as beneficiaries.
Article 7 Implied Trusts.
  • 53-12-130. Resulting trusts.
  • 53-12-131. Purchase money resulting trusts.
  • 53-12-132. Constructive trusts.
  • 53-12-133. Parol evidence and implied trusts.
Article 8 Creation by Deed to Acquire Beneficial Interest.
  • 53-12-150. Definitions.
  • 53-12-151. Deeds to interests in property.
  • 53-12-152. Filing of deeds and amendments thereto; filing of copies with Secretary of State.
  • 53-12-153. Name of trust.
  • 53-12-154. Certificates of beneficial interest by trustees.
  • 53-12-155. Duties and powers of trustees; resignation or removal; successor trustees.
  • 53-12-156. Investments by trustees.
  • 53-12-157. Initial and annual returns.
  • 53-12-158. How title vests on termination of estate.
  • 53-12-159. Merger of trust into a domestic corporation.
Article 9 Charitable Trusts.
  • 53-12-170. (For effective date, see note.) Definition; charitable purposes.
  • 53-12-171. Power to select purposes or beneficiaries.
  • 53-12-172. Cy pres.
  • 53-12-173. Duration of charitable trusts.
  • 53-12-174. Attorney general or district attorney as representative of charitable beneficiaries.
  • 53-12-175. Enforcement by settlor.
Article 10 Private Foundations. Part 1 CORPORATIONS.
  • 53-12-180. Automatic amendment of articles of incorporation of corporate private foundation.
  • 53-12-181. Amendment of articles of incorporation to exclude application of Code Section 53-12-180.
  • 53-12-182. Effect of Code Sections 53-12-180 and 53-12-181 as to forfeiture or reversion of trust property.
  • 53-12-183. Election of private foundation to distribute such property as will enable corporation to avoid tax liability.
  • 53-12-184. Effect of Code Sections 53-12-180 through 53-12-183 on powers of the courts or the Attorney General.
Part 2 TRUSTS.
  • 53-12-190. Automatic amendment of governing instrument of private foundation trust, charitable trust, or split-interest trust.
  • 53-12-191. Automatic amendment of governing instrument of private foundation trust or charitable trust as to distribution of trust funds.
  • 53-12-192. Amendment of governing instrument of private foundation trust, charitable trust, or split-interest trust to exclude application of Code Section 53-12-190 or 53-12-191.
  • 53-12-193. Election of trustees of private foundation or charitable trust to distribute such trust principal as will enable trust to avoid tax liability; filing of written election with Attorney General; form of distribution; revocation of election.
  • 53-12-194. Effect of Code Sections 53-12-190 through 53-12-193 as to forfeiture or reversion of trust property or failure of trust.
  • 53-12-195. Effect of Code Sections 53-12-190 through 53-12-193 on powers of courts and Attorney General.
Article 11 Trustees. Part 1 APPOINTMENT AND ACCEPTANCE.
  • 53-12-200. Capacity of trustee.
  • 53-12-201. Appointment and vacancies.
  • 53-12-202. Acceptance.
  • 53-12-203. Trustee's bond.
  • 53-12-204. Cotrustees generally.
Part 2 TRUSTEE COMPENSATION.
  • 53-12-210. (For effective date, see note.) Compensation of trustee.
  • 53-12-211. Compensation of cotrustees and successor trustees.
  • 53-12-212. Extra compensation.
  • 53-12-213. Reimbursement of expenses.
  • 53-12-214. Compensation from business enterprise.
Part 3 RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL.
  • 53-12-220. Resignation of trustee.
  • 53-12-221. Removal of trustee.
Article 12 Accounting by Trustee.
  • 53-12-230. Interim accounting.
  • 53-12-231. Final accounting.
  • 53-12-232. Equitable accounting.
Article 13 Trustees' Duties and Powers. Part 1 DUTIES OF TRUSTEE.
  • 53-12-240. Duties generally.
  • 53-12-241. (For effective date, see note.) Duty of prudent administration.
  • 53-12-242. Duty to inform as to existence of trust.
  • 53-12-243. (For effective date, see note.) Duty to provide reports and accounts.
  • 53-12-244. Duty to distribute income.
  • 53-12-245. No duty to investigate resources.
  • 53-12-246. Duty to avoid conflict of interest.
  • 53-12-247. Duty of impartiality.
Part 2 TRUSTEES' POWERS.
  • 53-12-260. Discretionary powers.
  • 53-12-261. (For effective date, see note.) Powers of trustee; limitation based on fiduciary duties.
  • 53-12-262. Powers of corporate fiduciaries.
  • 53-12-263. (For effective date, see note.) Incorporation of powers by reference.
  • 53-12-264. Granting of powers by qualified beneficiaries.
Part 3 TRUSTEE AS BENEFICIARY.
  • 53-12-270. Exercise of power by trustee who is also a beneficiary.
Part 4 CERTIFICATION OF TRUSTS.
  • 53-12-280. Certification of trust by trustee.
Part 5 REGISTRATION AND DEPOSIT OF SECURITIES.
  • 53-12-290. How securities to be registered by corporate trustee.
  • 53-12-291. Registration where two or more fiduciaries are acting jointly.
  • 53-12-292. Deposit of securities in clearing corporation.
Article 14 Trustee Liability.
  • 53-12-300. Accountable to beneficiary; breach of trust.
  • 53-12-301. Actions for breach of trust.
  • 53-12-302. Damages for breach of trust; interest.
  • 53-12-303. Relief of liability.
  • 53-12-304. Liability of successor trustee.
  • 53-12-305. Liability of cotrustee.
  • 53-12-306. Action against cotrustee.
  • 53-12-307. Limitation of actions.
  • 53-12-308. Personal liability of trustee.
Article 15 Nonresidents and Foreign Entities Acting as Trustees.
  • 53-12-320. Nonresidents acting as trustees.
  • 53-12-321. Foreign entities acting as trustees.
  • 53-12-322. Acting as fiduciary; establishment of place of business prohibited; certificate of authority required.
  • 53-12-323. Filing statement with Secretary of State; appointment of agent for service.
Article 16 Trust Investments. Part 1 INVESTMENTS GENERALLY.
  • 53-12-340. (For effective date, see note.) Investment standard.
  • 53-12-341. Concentrated holdings and diversification.
  • 53-12-342. Duties at inception of trusteeship.
  • 53-12-343. Reviewing compliance.
  • 53-12-344. Language invoking application of article.
  • 53-12-345. Delegation.
Part 2 POWER OF ADJUSTMENT AND UNITRUSTS.
  • 53-12-360. Duty of trustee as to receipts and disbursements within scope of Article 17.
  • 53-12-361. Power of adjustment.
  • 53-12-362. Conversion to unitrust.
  • 53-12-363. Abuse of trustee's discretion.
  • 53-12-364. Express total return unitrusts.
Article 17 Georgia Principal and Income Act. Part 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS.
  • 53-12-380. Short title.
  • 53-12-381. Definitions.
Part 2 PAYMENT OF INTEREST AND EXPENSES.
  • 53-12-390. Payment of interest on pecuniary amount.
  • 53-12-391. Payment of expenses.
Part 3 APPORTIONMENT AT BEGINNING AND END OF INCOME INTEREST.
  • 53-12-400. When the right to income begins and ends.
  • 53-12-401. Apportionment of receipts and disbursements when decedent dies or income interest begins.
  • 53-12-402. Apportionment when income interest ends.
Part 4 ALLOCATION OF RECEIPTS DURING ADMINISTRATION OF TRUST. Subpart 1 Receipts from Entities.
  • 53-12-410. Character of receipts.
  • 53-12-411. Distribution from trust or estate.
  • 53-12-412. Business and other activities conducted by trustee.
Subpart 2 Receipts Not Normally Apportioned.
  • 53-12-420. Principal receipts.
  • 53-12-421. Rental property.
  • 53-12-422. Obligation to pay money.
  • 53-12-423. Insurance policies and similar contracts.
  • 53-12-424. Insubstantial allocations not required.
  • 53-12-425. Deferred compensation, annuities, and similar payments.
  • 53-12-426. Liquidating asset.
  • 53-12-427. Minerals, water, and other natural resources.
  • 53-12-428. Timber.
  • 53-12-429. Property not productive of income.
  • 53-12-430. Derivatives and options.
  • 53-12-431. Asset-backed securities.
Part 5 ALLOCATION OF DISBURSEMENTS DURING ADMINISTRATION OF TRUST.
  • 53-12-450. Disbursements from income.
  • 53-12-451. Disbursements from principal.
  • 53-12-452. Transfers from income to principal for depreciation.
  • 53-12-453. Transfers from income to reimburse principal.
  • 53-12-454. Income taxes.
  • 53-12-455. Adjustments between principal and income because of taxes.
Article 18 Trust Directors.
  • 53-12-500. (For effective date, see note.) Definitions.
  • 53-12-501. (For effective date, see note.) Application of article; construction of trust instrument.
  • 53-12-502. (For effective date, see note.) Authority, procedures, and powers of trust directors.
  • 53-12-503. (For effective date, see note.) Role of directors; petitioning court for instructions.
  • 53-12-504. (For effective date, see note.) Directed trustees; role; trustee's duty as to directed trustee; petitioning court for instructions.
  • 53-12-505. Relief from duty and liability.
  • 53-12-506. (For effective date, see note.) Statutory provisions applicable to trust directors; defenses available to trust directors; personal jurisdiction; term "trustee" includes trust director where required or permitted.
Effective date.

- This chapter became effective July 1, 2010.

Cross references.

- Taxation of fiduciaries, § 48-7-22.

Editor's notes.

- Ga. L. 1991, p. 810, repealed and reenacted the former chapter, effective July 1, 1991. The former chapter consisted of Code Sections 53-12-1 through 53-12-156, and was based on Ga. L. 1855-56, p. 228, § 5; Code 1863, § 3292; Code 1868, § 3304; Code 1873, § 3380; Code 1882, § 3380; Civil Code 1895, § 3205; Civil Code 1910, § 3789; Code 1933, §§ 108-504, 108-608, 108-609, 108-610; Ga. L. 1950, p. 310, § 1; Ga. L. 1961, p. 207, §§ 5, 6; Ga. L. 1971, p. 428, §§ 1, 2; Ga. L. 1971, p. 430, §§ 1-3; Ga. L. 1971, p. 643, §§ 1-3; Ga. L. 1973, p. 844, §§ 1, 2; Ga. L. 1974, p. 440, § 7; Ga. L. 1975, p. 1527, § 3; Ga. L. 1977, p. 719, § 1; Ga. L. 1980, p. 472, § 1; Ga. L. 1981, Ex. Sess., p. 8; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 53; Ga. L. 1983, p. 884, § 4-1; Ga. L. 1984, p. 22, § 53; Ga. L. 1987, p. 191, § 9; Ga. L. 1988, p. 13, § 53; Ga. L. 1988, p. 1939, § 1; Ga. L. 1989, p. 14, § 53; Ga. L. 1989, p. 946, §§ 116-118; Ga. L. 1990, p. 667, § 2.

Ga. L. 2010, p. 579, § 1, effective July 1, 2010, repealed the Code sections formerly codified at this chapter and enacted the current chapter. The former chapter consisted of Code Sections 53-12-1 through 53-12-7 (Article 1), 53-12-20 through 53-12-28 (Article 2), 53-12-50 through 53-12-59 (Article 3), 53-12-70 through 53-12-74 (Article 4), 53-12-90 through 53-12-94 (Article 5), 53-12-110 through 53-12-133 (Article 6), 53-12-150 through 53-12-153 (Article 7), 53-12-170 through 53-12-173, 53-12-173.1, and 53-12-174 through 53-12-176 (Article 8), 53-12-190 through 53-12-199 (Article 9), 53-12-210 through 53-12-219 (Article 10), 53-12-230 through 53-12-234 (Article 11), 53-12-250 through 53-12-264 (Article 12), 53-12-280 through 53-12-290 (Article 13), 53-12-300 through 53-12-302 (Article 14), 53-12-320 through 53-12-330 (Article 15), 53-12-350 through 53-12-394 (Article 16), relating to trusts, and was based on Ga. L. 1991, p. 810, § 1; Ga. L. 1992, p. 1053, § 1; Ga. L. 1992, p. 1438, § 3; Ga. L. 1996, p. 504, §§ 4, 11-14; Ga. L. 1998, p. 1323, § 1; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 53; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 3; Ga. L. 2002, p. 788, § 1; Ga. L. 2002, p. 854, § 1; Ga. L. 2002, p. 1316, § 7; Ga. L. 2003, p. 794, § 1; Ga. L. 2004, p. 161, § 14; Ga. L. 2005, p. 583, §§ 2-6/HB 406; Ga. L. 2006, p. 805, § 23/SB 534.

Table of Comparable Provisions for Chapter 12 of Title 53

Former Code Sections to Revised Code Sections

This table lists each Code section in the former version of Chapter 12 of this title as such existed on June 30, 2010, and comparable provisions in the version of Chapter 12 which became effective July 1, 2010. It is intended to assist the user who is familiar with the former chapter to find comparable new provisions.

1991 Trust Act 2010 Trust Code --- --- 53-12-1 53-12-1 53-12-2 53-12-2 53-12-3 53-12-1 53-12-4 53-12-6 53-12-5 53-12-7 53-12-6 53-12-201(b) 53-12-7 53-12-3

Article 2

53-12-20 53-12-20 53-12-21 53-12-21 53-12-22 53-12-23 53-12-23 53-12-22(a) 53-12-24 53-12-200 53-12-25 53-12-26 53-12-26 none 53-12-27 53-12-27 53-12-28 53-12-80

Article 3

53-12-50 53-12-150 53-12-51 53-12-151 53-12-52 53-12-152 53-12-53 53-12-153 53-12-54 53-12-154 53-12-55 53-12-155 53-23-56 53-12-156 53-12-57 53-12-157 53-12-58 53-12-158 53-12-59 53-12-159

Article 4

53-12-70 53-12-100 53-12-71 53-12-101 53-12-72 53-12-102 53-12-73 53-12-103

Article 5

53-12-90 53-12-2(5) 53-12-91 53-12-130 53-12-92 53-12-131 53-12-93 53-12-132 53-12-94 53-12-133

Article 6 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-110 53-12-170 53-12-111 53-12-170 53-12-112 53-12-171 53-12-113 53-12-172 53-12-114 53-12-173 53-12-115 53-12-174 53-12-116 none

Part 2

53-12-120 53-12-180 53-12-121 53-12-181 53-12-122 53-12-182 53-12-123 53-12-184 53-12-124 53-12-190 53-12-125 53-12-191 53-12-126 53-12-192 53-12-127 53-12-194 53-12-128 53-12-195 53-12-129 53-12-193 53-12-130 53-12-183 53-12-131 none 53-12-132 53-12-184, 53-12-194 53-12-133 53-12-184, 53-12-195

Article 7

53-12-150 53-12-40 53-12-151 53-12-41 53-12-152 53-12-63, 53-12-64 53-12-153 53-12-62

Article 8

53-12-170 53-12-201 53-12-171 53-12-202 53-12-172 53-12-204 53-12-173 53-12-210, 53-12-211 53-12-173. 1 53-12-214 53-12-174 53-12-203 53-12-175 53-12-220 53-12-221 53-12-221

Article 9

53-12 190 53-12-240, 53-12-243, 53-12-244 53-12-191 53-12-300 53-12-192 53-12-301 53-12-193 53-12-302 53-12-194 53-12-303 53-12-195 53-12-304 53-12-196 53-12-305 53-12-197 53-12-306 53-12-198 53-12-307 53-12-199 53-12-308

Article 10

53-12-210 53-12-381 53-12-211 53-12-247, 53-12-360 53-12-212 53-12-420, 53-12-421, 53-12-422, 53-12-423 53-12-213 53-12-400, 53-12-401, 53-12-402 53-12-214 53-12-410 53-12-215 53-12-422 53-12-216 53-12-412 53-12-217 53-12-426, 53-12-427 53-12-218 53-12-428 53-12-219 53-12-450, 53-12-451, 53-12-452, 53-12-453, 53-12-454 53-12-220 53-12-361 53-12-221 53-12-362 53-12-222 53-12-363

Article 11

53-12-230 53-12-261(a) 53-12-231 53-12-263 53-12-232 53-12-261, 53-12-262 53-12-233 none 53-12-234 53-12-264

Article 12

53-12-250 none 53-12-251 none 53-12-252 none 53-12-253 none 53-12-254 none 53-12-255 none 53-12-256 none 53-12-257 none 53-12-258 none 53-12-259 none 53-12-260 none 53-12-261 none 53-12-262 none 53-12-263 53-7-45 53-12-264 none 53-12-265 53-12-270

Article 13

53-12-280 none 53-12-281 none 53-12-282 none 53-12-283 none 53-12-284 none 53-12-285 none 53-12-286 none 53-12-287 53-12-340, 53-12-429 53-12-288 none 53-12-289 none

Article 14

53-12-300 53-12-290 53-12-301 53-12-291 53-12-302 53-12-292

Article 15

(Repealed by Ga. L. 1998, p. 1323, § 1)

Article 16 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-350 none 53-12-351 none 53-12-352 none 53-12-353 none Part 2 53-12-370 53-12-320, 53-12-323 53-12-371 53-12-320 53-12-372 none 53-12-373 none 53-12-374 none 53-12-375 none 53-12-376 none Part 3 53-12-390 53-12-2(4) 53-12-391 53-12-320, 53-12-321 53-12-392 53-12-322, 53-12-323 53-12-393 53-12-323 53-12-394 53-12-323

Revised Code Sections to Former Code Sections

This table lists each Code section in the version of Chapter 12 of this title which became effective July 1, 2010, and comparable provisions in the former version of Chapter 12 as such existed on June 30, 2010.

2010 Trust Code 1991 Trust Act --- --- 53-12-1 53-12-1, 53-12-3 53-12-2 53-12-2 53-12-3 53-12-7 53-12-4 none 53-12-5 none 53-12-6 53-12-4 53-12-7 53-12-5

Article 2

53-12-20 53-12-20 53-12-21 53-12-21 53-12-22 53-12-23, 53-4-68 53-12-23 53-12-22 53-12-24 none 53-12-25 none 53-12-26 53-12-25 53-12-27 53-12-27 53-12-28 none

Article 3

53-12-40 53-12-150 53-12-41 53-12-151 53-12-42 none 53-12-43 none 53-12-44 none 53-12-45 none

Article 4

53-12-60 none 53-12-61 none 53-12-62 53-12-153 53-12-63 53-12-152(b) 53-12-64 53-12-152(a) 53-12-65 none

Article 5

53-12-80 53-12-28 53-12-81 none 53-12-82 none 53-12-83 none

Article 6 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-100 53-12-70 53-12-101 53-12-71 53-12-102 53-12-72 53-12-103 53-12-73 Part 2 53-12-120 none

Article 7

53-12-130 53-12-91 53-12-131 53-12-92 53-12-132 53-12-93 53-12-133 53-12-94

Article 8

53-12-150 53-12-50 53-12-151 53-12-51 53-12-152 53-12-52 53-12-153 53-12-53 53-12-154 53-12-54 53-12-155 53-12-55 53-12-156 53-12-56 53-12-157 53-12-57 53-12-158 53-12-58 53-12-159 53-12-59

Article 9

53-12-170 53-12-110, 53-12-111 53-12-171 53-12-112 53-12-172 53-12-113 53-12-173 53-12-114 53-12-174 53-12-115 53-12-175 none

Article 10 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-180 53-12-120 53-12-181 53-12-121 53-12-182 53-12-122 53-12-183 53-12-130 53-12-184 53-12-123, 53-12-133 Part 2 53-12-190 53-12-124 53-12-191 53-12-125 53-12-192 53-12-126 53-12-193 53-12-129 53-12-194 53-12-127, 53-12-132 53-12-195 53-12-128, 53-12-133

Article 11 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-200 53-12-24 53-12-201 53-12-170, 53-12-6 53-12-202 53-12-171 53-12-203 53-12-174 53-12-204 53-12-172 Part 2 53-12-210 53-12-173 53-12-211 53-12-173 53-12-212 none 53-12-213 none 53-12-214 53-12-173.1 Part 3 53-12-220 53-12-175 53-12-221 53-12-176

Article 12

53-12-230 53-7-73, 53-12-190(b) 53-12-231 53-7-73, 53-12-190(b) 53-12-232 none

Article 13 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-240 53-12-190(a) 53-12-241 none 53-12-242 none 53-12-243 53-12-190(b) 53-12-244 53-12-190(c) 53-12-245 none 53-12-246 53-12-173 53-12-247 53-12-211(b) Part 2 53-12-260 none 53-12-261 53-12-230, 53-12-232 53-12-262 53-12-232 53-12-263 53-12-231 53-12-264 53-12-234 Part 3 53-12-270 53-12-265 Part 4 53-12-280 none Part 5 53-12-290 53-12-300 53-12-291 53-12-301 53-12-292 53-12-302

Article 14

53-12-300 53-12-191 53-12-301 53-12-192 53-12-302 53-12-193 53-12-303 53-12-194 53-12-304 53-12-195 53-12-305 53-12-196 53-12-306 53-12-197 53-12-307 53-12-198 53-12-308 53-12-199

Article 15

53-12-320 53-12-391, 53-12-370, 53-12-371 53-12-321 53-12-391 53-12-322 53-12-392 53-12-323 53-12-392, 53-12-393, 53-12-394

Article 16 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-340 53-12-287 53-12-341 none 53-12-342 none 53-12-343 none 53-12-344 none 53-12-345 53-12-290 Part 2 53-12-360 53-12-211 53-12-361 53-12-220 53-12-362 53-12-221 53-12-363 53-12-222 53-12-364 none

Article 17 =thd2 Part 1

53-12-380 none 53-12-381 53-12-210 Part 2 53-12-390 none 53-12-391 53-12-219(e) Part 3 53-12-400 53-12-213 53-12-401 53-12-213 53-12-402 53-12-213 Part 4 Subpart 1 53-12-410 53-12-214 53-12-411 none 53-12-412 53-12-216 Subpart 2 53-12-420 53-12-212(b) 53-12-421 53-12-212(a) 53-12-422 53-12-212(a), 53-12-215 53-12-423 53-12-212(b) 53-12-424 none 53-12-425 none 53-12-426 53-12-217 53-12-427 53-12-217 53-12-428 53-12-218 53-12-429 53-12-287(d) 53-12-430 none 53-12-431 none

Article 18

53-12-450 53-12-219 53-12-451 53-12-219 53-12-452 53-12-219 53-12-453 53-12-219 53-12-454 53-12-219 53-12-455 none

Law reviews. -For annual survey of law of wills, trusts, and administration of estates, see 40 Mercer L. Rev. 471 (1988). For annual survey of wills, trusts, and administration of estates law, see 41 Mercer L. Rev. 411 (1989). For annual survey of wills, trusts, and administration of estates, see 42 Mercer L. Rev. 491 (1990). For article, "The Georgia Trust Act," 28 Ga. St. B.J. 95 (1991). For annual survey of wills, trusts, and administration, see 43 Mercer L. Rev. 457 (1991). For annual survey article on law of wills, trusts, and administration of estates, see 45 Mercer L. Rev. 475 (1993). For annual survey of law on wills, trusts, guardianships, and fiduciary administration, see 62 Mercer L. Rev. 365 (2010). For note on 1991 revision of this chapter, see 8 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 201 (1992).

COMMENT Code Revision Committee Note on Comments. The comments appearing in this chapter have been prepared under the supervision of the Georgia Trust Code Revision Committee of the Fiduciary Law Section of the State Bar of Georgia and are included in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated at the request of the Committee. The comments were prepared by Anne S. Emanuel, Associate Professor at Georgia State University College of Law, reporter to the Georgia Trust Code Revision Committee, and were reviewed by the members of the Committee: William J. Linkous, Jr. and James H. Morgan, Jr., Co-Chairmen; Henry L. Bowden, Jr., Subcommittee Chairman; Michael D. Alembik, A. Kimbrough Davis, Herbert Elsas, John M. Graham, Barbara C. Hipple, S. Davis Laney, Joseph C. Miller, Jeffrey Pennell, James C. Rehburg, and Albert P. Reichert, Jr. They were presented to the General Assembly, in substantially this form, as part of the explanation for the changes proposed from prior law, and to clarify the meaning of the Act. Neither the General Assembly of Georgia nor the Code Revision Commission of the State of Georgia has participated in the drafting of these comments or has reviewed the comments for their content. The comments should not be considered to constitute a statement of legislative intention by the General Assembly of Georgia nor do they have the force of statutory law. RESEARCH REFERENCES ALR. - Eligibility for welfare benefits as affected by claimant's status as trust beneficiary, 21 A.L.R.4th 729. ARTICLE 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
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