2020 Georgia Code
Title 16 - Crimes and Offenses
Chapter 13 - Controlled Substances
Article 2 - Regulation of Controlled Substances
Part 1 - Schedules, Offenses, and Penalties
§ 16-13-46. Administrative Inspections and Warrants

1. Issuance and execution of inspection warrants shall be as follows:
   1. A judge of the superior, state, city, or magistrate court, or any municipal officer clothed by law with the powers of a magistrate, upon proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, may issue warrants for the purpose of conducting inspections authorized by this article, or rules promulgated under this article, and seizures of property appropriate to the inspections. For the purpose of the issuance of inspection warrants, probable cause exists upon showing a valid public interest in the effective enforcement of this article, or rules promulgated under this article, sufficient to justify inspection of the area, premises, building, or conveyance in the circumstances specified in the application for the warrant;
   2. A warrant shall issue only upon an affidavit of a designated officer, drug agent, or employee of the State Board of Pharmacy having knowledge of the facts alleged, sworn to before the judicial officer and establishing the grounds for issuing the warrant. If the judicial officer is satisfied that grounds for the application exist or that there is probable cause to believe they exist, he shall issue a warrant identifying the area, premises, building, registrant, or conveyance to be inspected, the purpose of the inspection, and, if appropriate, the type of property to be inspected, if any. The warrant shall:
      1. State the grounds for its issuance and the name of each person whose affidavit has been taken in support thereof;
      2. Be directed to persons authorized by Code Section 16-13-45 to execute it;
      3. Command the persons to whom it is directed to inspect the area, premises, building, registrant, or conveyance identified for the purpose specified and, if appropriate, direct the seizure of the property specified;
      4. Identify the item or types of property to be seized, if any; and
      5. Designate the judicial officer to whom it shall be returned;
   3. A warrant issued pursuant to this Code section must be executed and returned within ten days of its date unless, upon a showing of a need for additional time, the court orders otherwise. If property is seized pursuant to a warrant, a copy shall be provided upon request to the person from whom or from whose premises the property is taken, together with a receipt for the property taken. The return of the warrant shall be made promptly, accompanied by a written inventory of any property taken. A copy of the inventory shall be delivered upon request to the person from whom or from whose premises the property was taken and to the applicant for the warrant; and
   4. The judicial officer who has issued a warrant shall attach thereto a copy of the return and all papers returnable in connection therewith and file them with the clerk of the superior court for the county in which the inspection was made.
2. The State Board of Pharmacy, the director of the Georgia Drugs and Narcotics Agency or drug agents may make inspections of controlled premises in accordance with the following provisions:
   1. For purposes of this Code section only, "controlled premises" means:
      1. Places where persons registered or exempted from registration requirements under this article are required to keep records; and
      2. Places, including factories, warehouses, establishments, and conveyances, in which persons registered or exempted from registration requirements under this article are permitted to hold, manufacture, compound, process, sell, deliver, or otherwise dispose of any controlled substance;
   2. When authorized by an inspection warrant issued pursuant to subsection (a) of this Code section, an officer or employee designated by the State Board of Pharmacy or the director of the Georgia Drugs and Narcotics Agency, upon presenting the warrant and appropriate credentials to the owner, operator, or agent in charge, may enter controlled premises for the purpose of conducting an inspection;
   3. When authorized by an inspection warrant, an officer or employee designated by the State Board of Pharmacy or the director of the Georgia Drugs and Narcotics Agency may:
      1. Inspect and copy records required by this article to be kept;
      2. Inspect, within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, controlled premises and all pertinent equipment, finished and unfinished material, containers, and labeling found therein, and, except as provided in paragraph (5) of subsection (b) of this Code section, all other things therein, including records, files, papers, processes, controls, and facilities bearing on violation of this article; and
      3. Inventory any stock of any controlled substance therein and obtain samples thereof;
   4. This Code section does not prevent the inspection without a warrant of books and records pursuant to an administrative inspection in accordance with subsection (c) of this Code section, nor does it prevent entries and inspections, including seizures of property, without a warrant:
      1. If the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises consents;
      2. In situations presenting imminent danger to health or safety;
      3. In situations involving inspection of conveyance if there is reasonable cause to believe that the mobility of the conveyance makes it impracticable to obtain a warrant;
      4. In any other exceptional or emergency circumstance where time or opportunity to apply for a warrant is lacking; or
      5. In all other situations in which a warrant is not constitutionally required; and
   5. An inspection authorized by this Code section shall not extend to financial data, sales data other than shipment data, or pricing data unless the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises consents in writing.
3. The State Board of Pharmacy, its members, or duly authorized agents or drug agents shall have the power to inspect, without a warrant, in a lawful manner at all reasonable hours, any pharmacy or other place licensed by the State Board of Pharmacy pursuant to Chapter 4 of Title 26 for the purpose:
   1. Of determining if any of the provisions of this article or any rule or regulation promulgated under its authority is being violated;
   2. Of securing samples or specimens of any drug or medical supplies, after first paying or offering to pay for such samples or specimens; and
   3. Of securing other such evidence as may be needed for an administrative proceedings action, as provided by this article.

(Code 1933, § 79A-825, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 221, § 1; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 16; Ga. L. 1983, p. 884, § 3-16; Ga. L. 1992, p. 6, § 16; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 16; Ga. L. 2011, p. 752, § 16/HB 142.)

RESEARCH REFERENCES

Am. Jur. 2d.

- 25 Am. Jur. 2d, Drugs and Controlled Substances, § 202.

- 28 C.J.S., Drugs and Narcotics, §§ 69, 70, 225, 226. 79 C.J.S., Searches and Seizures, § 134 et seq.

- Uniform Controlled Substances Act (U.L.A.) § 502.

- Entrapment to commit offense with respect to narcotics law, 33 A.L.R.2d 883.