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2023 Connecticut General Statutes
Title 33 - Corporations
Chapter 601 - Business Corporations
*Cited. 45 CS 101.
PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS
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SHARES
ISSUANCE OF SHARES
SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITION OF SHARES
DISTRIBUTIONS
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MEETINGS
VOTING
VOTING TRUSTS AND AGREEMENTS
DERIVATIVE PROCEEDINGS
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
MEETINGS AND ACTION OF THE BOARD
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
AND LIABILITY
OFFICERS
INDEMNIFICATION
DIRECTORS' CONFLICTING INTEREST TRANSACTIONS
AND BYLAWS
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AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
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RIGHT TO APPRAISAL AND PAYMENT FOR SHARES
PROCEDURE FOR EXERCISE OF APPRAISAL RIGHTS
JUDICIAL APPRAISAL OF SHARES
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VOLUNTARY DISSOLUTION
ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION
JUDICIAL DISSOLUTION
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
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CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY
WITHDRAWAL
REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY
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RECORDS
REPORTS
- Section 33-600. - Short title: Connecticut Business Corporation Act.
- Section 33-601. - Construction of statutes.
- Section 33-602. - Definitions.
- Section 33-603. - Notices and other communications.
- Section 33-603a. - Householding.
- Section 33-604. - Number of shareholders.
- Section 33-605. - Qualified director.
- Section 33-606. - Defective corporate actions. Definitions.
- Section 33-606a. - Defective corporate action not void or voidable, when.
- Section 33-606b. - Ratification of defective corporate actions.
- Section 33-606c. - Action on ratification.
- Section 33-606d. - Notice requirements re action on ratification.
- Section 33-606e. - Effect of ratification.
- Section 33-606f. - Filings.
- Section 33-606g. - Judicial proceeding re validity of corporate action.
- Section 33-607. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-608. - Filing requirements.
- Section 33-609. - Forms. Mailing address.
- Section 33-610. - Effective time and date of document.
- Section 33-611. - Correcting filed document.
- Section 33-612. - Filing duty of Secretary of the State.
- Section 33-613. - Appeal from Secretary of the State's refusal to file document.
- Section 33-614. - Evidentiary effect of copy of filed document.
- Section 33-615. - Certificate of existence or authorization.
- Section 33-616. - Penalty for signing false document.
- Section 33-617. - Fees payable to Secretary of the State.
- Section 33-618. - Franchise tax.
- Section 33-619 to 33-621. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-622. - Powers of Secretary of the State.
- Section 33-623. - Regulations regarding electronic filing.
- Section 33-624. - Interrogatories by Secretary of the State.
- Section 33-625 to 33-634. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-635. - Incorporators.
- Section 33-636. - Certificate of incorporation.
- Section 33-637. - Incorporation.
- Section 33-638. - Liability for preincorporation transactions.
- Section 33-639. - Organization of corporation.
- Section 33-640. - Bylaws.
- Section 33-641. - Emergency bylaws.
- Section 33-642. - Certificate of incorporation or bylaws may require that internal corporate claims be brought in specified courts.
- Section 33-643 and 33-644. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-645. - Purposes.
- Section 33-646. - Authorization to form corporation to transact insurance business.
- Section 33-647. - General powers.
- Section 33-648. - Emergency powers.
- Section 33-649. - Ultra vires.
- Section 33-650 to 33-654. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-655. - Corporate name.
- Section 33-656. - Reserved name.
- Section 33-657. - Registered name.
- Section 33-658 and 33-659. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-660. - Registered office and registered agent.
- Section 33-661. - Change of registered office or registered agent.
- Section 33-662. - Resignation of registered agent.
- Section 33-663. - Service of process on corporation.
- Section 33-664. - Reserved for future use.
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SHARES
- Section 33-665. - Authorized shares.
- Section 33-666. - Terms of class or series of shares.
- Section 33-667. - Issued and outstanding shares.
- Section 33-668. - Fractional shares.
- Section 33-669 and 33-670. - Reserved for future use.
ISSUANCE OF SHARES
- Section 33-671. - Subscription for shares before incorporation.
- Section 33-672. - Issuance of shares.
- Section 33-673. - Liability of shareholders.
- Section 33-673a. - Definitions.
- Section 33-673b. - Limitation on liability of an interest holder of a domestic entity. Application of veil piercing doctrine, when permitted.
- Section 33-673c. - Liability of domestic entity based upon reverse veil piercing doctrine, not permitted.
- Section 33-674. - Share dividends.
- Section 33-675. - Share options and other equity compensation awards.
- Section 33-676. - Form and content of certificates.
- Section 33-677. - Shares without certificates.
- Section 33-678. - Restriction on transfer of shares and other securities.
- Section 33-679. - Expense of issue.
- Section 33-680. - Surrender of share certificates.
- Section 33-681 and 33-682. - Reserved for future use.
SUBSEQUENT ACQUISITION OF SHARES
- Section 33-683. - Shareholder's preemptive rights.
- Section 33-684. - Corporation's acquisition of its own shares.
- Section 33-685 and 33-686. - Reserved for future use.
DISTRIBUTIONS
- Section 33-687. - Distributions to shareholders.
- Section 33-688 to 33-694. - Reserved for future use.
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MEETINGS
- Section 33-695. - Annual meeting.
- Section 33-696. - Special meeting.
- Section 33-697. - Court-ordered meeting.
- Section 33-698. - Action without meeting.
- Section 33-699. - Notice of meeting.
- Section 33-700. - Waiver of notice.
- Section 33-701. - Record date.
- Section 33-702. - Chairperson to preside.
- Section 33-703. - Remote participation in annual and special meetings.
VOTING
- Section 33-704. - Shareholders' list for meeting.
- Section 33-705. - Voting entitlement of shares.
- Section 33-706. - Proxies.
- Section 33-707. - Shares held by nominees.
- Section 33-708. - Corporation's acceptance or rejection of votes.
- Section 33-709. - Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups.
- Section 33-710. - Action by single and multiple voting groups.
- Section 33-711. - Greater quorum or voting requirement.
- Section 33-712. - Voting for directors. Cumulative voting.
- Section 33-713. - Inspectors.
- Section 33-714. - Reserved for future use.
VOTING TRUSTS AND AGREEMENTS
- Section 33-715. - Voting trust.
- Section 33-716. - Voting agreement.
- Section 33-717. - Shareholder agreement.
- Section 33-718 and 33-719. - Reserved for future use.
DERIVATIVE PROCEEDINGS
- Section 33-720. - Derivative proceedings. Definitions.
- Section 33-721. - Standing.
- Section 33-722. - Demand.
- Section 33-723. - Stay of proceedings.
- Section 33-724. - Dismissal.
- Section 33-725. - Discontinuance or settlement.
- Section 33-726. - Payment of expenses.
- Section 33-727. - Applicability to foreign corporations.
- Section 33-728 to 33-734. - Reserved for future use.
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
- Section 33-735. - Requirements for and duties of board of directors.
- Section 33-736. - Qualifications for directors or nominees for directors.
- Section 33-737. - Number and election of directors.
- Section 33-738. - Election of directors by certain classes of shareholders.
- Section 33-739. - Terms of directors generally.
- Section 33-740. - Staggered terms for directors.
- Section 33-741. - Resignation of directors.
- Section 33-742. - Removal of directors by shareholders.
- Section 33-743. - Removal of directors by judicial proceeding.
- Section 33-744. - Vacancy on board of directors.
- Section 33-745. - Compensation of directors.
- Section 33-746 and 33-747. - Reserved for future use.
MEETINGS AND ACTION OF THE BOARD
- Section 33-748. - Meetings.
- Section 33-749. - Action without meeting.
- Section 33-750. - Notice of meeting.
- Section 33-751. - Waiver of notice.
- Section 33-752. - Quorum and voting.
- Section 33-753. - Committees.
- Section 33-754. - Submission of matters for shareholder vote.
- Section 33-755. - Reserved for future use.
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
AND LIABILITY
- Section 33-756. - General standards of conduct for directors.
- Section 33-757. - Liability for unlawful distribution.
- Section 33-758. - General standards of liability for directors.
- Section 33-759 to 33-762. - Reserved for future use.
OFFICERS
- Section 33-763. - Officers.
- Section 33-764. - Functions of officers.
- Section 33-765. - Standards of conduct for officers.
- Section 33-766. - Resignation and removal of officers.
- Section 33-767. - Contract rights of officers.
- Section 33-768 and 33-769. - Reserved for future use.
INDEMNIFICATION
- Section 33-770. - Definitions.
- Section 33-771. - Permissible indemnification.
- Section 33-772. - Mandatory indemnification.
- Section 33-773. - Advance for expenses.
- Section 33-774. - Court-ordered indemnification and advance for expenses.
- Section 33-775. - Determination and authorization of indemnification.
- Section 33-776. - Indemnification of and advance for expenses to officers. Indemnification by corporations incorporated prior to January 1, 1997.
- Section 33-777. - Insurance.
- Section 33-778. - Variation by corporate action.
- Section 33-779. - Exclusivity of provisions.
- Section 33-780. - Reserved for future use.
DIRECTORS' CONFLICTING INTEREST TRANSACTIONS
- Section 33-781. - Definitions.
- Section 33-782. - Judicial action.
- Section 33-783. - Directors' action.
- Section 33-784. - Shareholders' action.
- Section 33-785. - Taking advantage of a business opportunity.
- Section 33-786 to 33-794. - Reserved for future use.
AND BYLAWS
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AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
- Section 33-795. - Authority to amend.
- Section 33-796. - Amendment by board of directors.
- Section 33-797. - Amendment by board of directors and shareholders.
- Section 33-798. - Voting on amendments by voting groups.
- Section 33-799. - Amendment before issuance of shares.
- Section 33-800. - Certificate of amendment.
- Section 33-801. - Restated certificate of incorporation.
- Section 33-802. - Amendment pursuant to reorganization.
- Section 33-803. - Effect of amendment.
- Section 33-804 and 33-805. - Reserved for future use.
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
- Section 33-806. - Amendment by shareholders or board of directors.
- Section 33-807. - Bylaw increasing quorum or voting requirement for shareholders.
- Section 33-808. - Bylaw increasing quorum or voting requirement for directors.
- Section 33-809. - Bylaw provisions relating to the election of directors.
- Section 33-810 to 33-813. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-814. - Definitions.
- Section 33-815. - Merger.
- Section 33-816. - Share exchange.
- Section 33-817. - Action on plan of merger or share exchange.
- Section 33-818. - Merger of subsidiary.
- Section 33-819. - Certificate of merger or share exchange.
- Section 33-820. - Effect of merger or share exchange.
- Section 33-821. - Merger or share exchange with foreign corporation.
- Section 33-821a. - Abandoned merger or share exchange.
- Section 33-822 to 33-829. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-830. - Sale or other disposition of assets in regular course of business. Mortgage or other encumbrance, transfer or distribution of assets.
- Section 33-831. - Sale or other disposition of assets leaving no significant continuing business activity.
- Section 33-832 to 33-839. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-840. - Business combinations. Definitions.
- Section 33-841. - Approval of business combination.
- Section 33-842. - Exceptions.
- Section 33-843. - Business combinations. Definitions.
- Section 33-844. - Business combination with interested shareholder prohibited for five years unless approved by board of directors.
- Section 33-845. - Excepted business combinations.
- Section 33-846 to 33-854. - Reserved for future use.
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RIGHT TO APPRAISAL AND PAYMENT FOR SHARES
- Section 33-855. - Definitions.
- Section 33-856. - Right to appraisal.
- Section 33-857. - Assertion of rights by nominees and beneficial owners.
- Section 33-858 and 33-859. - Reserved for future use.
PROCEDURE FOR EXERCISE OF APPRAISAL RIGHTS
- Section 33-860. - Notice of appraisal rights.
- Section 33-861. - Notice of intent to demand payment. Consequences of voting or consenting.
- Section 33-862. - Appraisal notice and form.
- Section 33-863. - Perfection of rights. Right to withdraw.
- Section 33-864. - Share restrictions.
- Section 33-865. - Payment.
- Section 33-866. - Failure to take action.
- Section 33-867. - After-acquired shares.
- Section 33-868. - Procedure if shareholder dissatisfied with payment or offer.
- Section 33-869 and 33-870. - Reserved for future use.
JUDICIAL APPRAISAL OF SHARES
- Section 33-871. - Court action.
- Section 33-872. - Court costs and expenses.
- Section 33-873 to 33-879. - Reserved for future use.
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VOLUNTARY DISSOLUTION
- Section 33-880. - Dissolution by incorporators or initial directors.
- Section 33-881. - Dissolution by board of directors and shareholders.
- Section 33-882. - Certificate of dissolution.
- Section 33-883. - Revocation of dissolution.
- Section 33-884. - Effect of dissolution.
- Section 33-885. - Requirements prior to final liquidating distribution of assets.
- Section 33-886. - Known claims against dissolved corporation.
- Section 33-887. - Unknown claims against dissolved corporation.
- Section 33-887a. - Proceeding for determination of security for payment of contingent or unknown claims or claims arising after dissolution.
- Section 33-887b. - Duties of directors of dissolved corporation.
- Section 33-888 and 33-889. - Reserved for future use.
ADMINISTRATIVE DISSOLUTION
- Section 33-890. - Administrative dissolution.
- Section 33-891. - Effect of administrative dissolution.
- Section 33-892. - Reinstatement following administrative dissolution.
- Section 33-893. - Appeal from refusal of reinstatement.
- Section 33-894 and 33-895. - Reserved for future use.
JUDICIAL DISSOLUTION
- Section 33-896. - Grounds for judicial dissolution.
- Section 33-897. - Procedure for judicial dissolution.
- Section 33-898. - Receivership or custodianship.
- Section 33-899. - Decree of dissolution.
- Section 33-900. - Election to purchase in lieu of dissolution.
- Section 33-901 and 33-902. - Reserved for future use.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
- Section 33-903. - Deposit of assets with State Treasurer or other state official.
- Section 33-904 to 33-909. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-910. - Provisions applicable to specially chartered corporations.
- Section 33-911. - Formation of specially chartered corporation.
- Section 33-912. - Amendment of special charter.
- Section 33-913. - Surrender of charter and reincorporation.
- Section 33-914. - Franchise tax.
- Section 33-915 to 33-919. - Reserved for future use.
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CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY
- Section 33-920. - Authority to transact business required.
- Section 33-921. - Consequences of transacting business without authority.
- Section 33-921a. - Limited amnesty for foreign corporation transacting business without authority.
- Section 33-922. - Application for certificate of authority.
- Section 33-923. - Amended certificate of authority.
- Section 33-924. - Effect of certificate of authority.
- Section 33-925. - Corporate name of foreign corporation.
- Section 33-926. - Registered office and registered agent of foreign corporation.
- Section 33-927. - Change of registered office or registered agent of foreign corporation.
- Section 33-928. - Resignation of registered agent of foreign corporation.
- Section 33-929. - Service of process on foreign corporation.
- Section 33-930 and 33-931. - Reserved for future use.
WITHDRAWAL
- Section 33-932. - Withdrawal of foreign corporation.
- Section 33-933 and 33-934. - Reserved for future use.
REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY
- Section 33-935. - Grounds for revocation.
- Section 33-936. - Procedure for and effect of revocation.
- Section 33-937. - Appeal from revocation.
- Section 33-938 to 33-944. - Reserved for future use.
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RECORDS
- Section 33-945. - Corporate records.
- Section 33-946. - Inspection of records by shareholders.
- Section 33-947. - Scope of inspection right.
- Section 33-948. - Court-ordered inspection.
- Section 33-949. - Inspection of records by directors.
- Section 33-950. - Exception to notice requirement.
REPORTS
- Section 33-951. - Financial statements for shareholders.
- Section 33-952. - Other reports to shareholders.
- Section 33-953. - Reports.
- Section 33-954. - Failure to file report. Incorrect report.
- Section 33-955. - Interim notice of change of director or officer.
- Section 33-956 to 33-994. - Reserved for future use.
- Section 33-995. - Applicability to domestic corporations in existence on January 1, 1997.
- Section 33-996. - Applicability to qualified foreign corporations.
- Section 33-997. - Saving provisions.
- Section 33-997a. - Reservation of power to amend or repeal.
- Section 33-998. - Severability.
- Section 33-999. - Reserved for future use.
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