2022 Connecticut General Statutes
Title 54 - Criminal Procedure
Chapter 961 - Trial and Proceedings after Conviction
Section 54-125a. - Parole of inmate serving sentence of more than two years. Eligibility. Hearing to determine suitability for parole release of certain inmates.

(a) A person convicted of one or more crimes who is incarcerated on or after October 1, 1990, who received a definite sentence or total effective sentence of more than two years, and who has been confined under such sentence or sentences for not less than one-half of the total effective sentence less any risk reduction credit earned under the provisions of section 18-98e or one-half of the most recent sentence imposed by the court less any risk reduction credit earned under the provisions of section 18-98e, whichever is greater, may be allowed to go at large on parole (1) in accordance with the provisions of section 54-125i, or (2) in the discretion of a panel of the Board of Pardons and Paroles, if (A) it appears from all available information, including any reports from the Commissioner of Correction that the panel may require, that there is a reasonable probability that such inmate will live and remain at liberty without violating the law, and (B) such release is not incompatible with the welfare of society. At the discretion of the panel, and under the terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the panel including requiring the parolee to submit personal reports, the parolee shall be allowed to return to the parolee's home or to reside in a residential community center, or to go elsewhere. The parolee shall, while on parole, remain under the jurisdiction of the board until the expiration of the maximum term or terms for which the parolee was sentenced less any risk reduction credit earned under the provisions of section 18-98e. Any parolee released on the condition that the parolee reside in a residential community center may be required to contribute to the cost incidental to such residence. Each order of parole shall fix the limits of the parolee's residence, which may be changed in the discretion of the board and the Commissioner of Correction. Within three weeks after the commitment of each person sentenced to more than two years, the state's attorney for the judicial district shall send to the Board of Pardons and Paroles the record, if any, of such person.

(b) (1) No person convicted of any of the following offenses, which was committed on or after July 1, 1981, shall be eligible for parole under subsection (a) of this section: (A) Capital felony, as provided under the provisions of section 53a-54b in effect prior to April 25, 2012, (B) murder with special circumstances, as provided under the provisions of section 53a-54b in effect on or after April 25, 2012, (C) felony murder, as provided in section 53a-54c, (D) arson murder, as provided in section 53a-54d, (E) murder, as provided in section 53a-54a, or (F) aggravated sexual assault in the first degree, as provided in section 53a-70a. (2) A person convicted of (A) a violation of section 53a-100aa or 53a-102, or (B) an offense, other than an offense specified in subdivision (1) of this subsection, where the underlying facts and circumstances of the offense involve the use, attempted use or threatened use of physical force against another person shall be ineligible for parole under subsection (a) of this section until such person has served not less than eighty-five per cent of the definite sentence imposed.

(c) The Board of Pardons and Paroles shall, not later than July 1, 1996, adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to ensure that a person convicted of an offense described in subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section is not released on parole until such person has served eighty-five per cent of the definite sentence imposed by the court. Such regulations shall include guidelines and procedures for classifying a person as a violent offender that are not limited to a consideration of the elements of the offense or offenses for which such person was convicted.

(d) The Board of Pardons and Paroles may hold a hearing to determine the suitability for parole release of any person whose eligibility for parole release is not subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section upon completion by such person of seventy-five per cent of such person's definite or total effective sentence less any risk reduction credit earned under the provisions of section 18-98e. An employee of the board or, if deemed necessary by the chairperson, a panel of the board shall assess the suitability for parole release of such person based on the following standards: (1) Whether there is reasonable probability that such person will live and remain at liberty without violating the law, and (2) whether the benefits to such person and society that would result from such person's release to community supervision substantially outweigh the benefits to such person and society that would result from such person's continued incarceration. If a hearing is held, and if the board determines that continued confinement is necessary, the board shall articulate for the record the specific reasons why such person and the public would not benefit from such person serving a period of parole supervision while transitioning from incarceration to the community. If a hearing is not held, the board shall document the specific reasons for not holding a hearing and provide such reasons to such person. No person shall be released on parole without receiving a hearing. The decision of the board under this subsection shall not be subject to appeal.

(e) The Board of Pardons and Paroles may hold a hearing to determine the suitability for parole release of any person whose eligibility for parole release is subject to the provisions of subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section upon completion by such person of eighty-five per cent of such person's definite or total effective sentence. An employee of the board or, if deemed necessary by the chairperson, a panel of the board shall assess the suitability for parole release of such person based on the following standards: (1) Whether there is a reasonable probability that such person will live and remain at liberty without violating the law, and (2) whether the benefits to such person and society that would result from such person's release to community supervision substantially outweigh the benefits to such person and society that would result from such person's continued incarceration. If a hearing is held, and if the board determines that continued confinement is necessary, the board shall articulate for the record the specific reasons why such person and the public would not benefit from such person serving a period of parole supervision while transitioning from incarceration to the community. No hearing pursuant to the provisions of this subsection may proceed unless the parole release panel is in possession of the complete file for such applicant, including any documentation from the Department of Correction, the trial transcript, the sentencing record and any file of any previous parole hearing. Each member of the panel shall certify that all such documentation has been reviewed in preparation for such hearing. If a hearing is not held, the board shall document the specific reasons for not holding a hearing and provide such reasons to such person. No person shall be released on parole without receiving a hearing. The decision of the board under this subsection shall not be subject to appeal.

(f) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) to (e), inclusive, of this section, a person convicted of one or more crimes committed while such person was under eighteen years of age, who is incarcerated on or after October 1, 2015, and who received a definite sentence or total effective sentence of more than ten years for such crime or crimes prior to, on or after October 1, 2015, may be allowed to go at large on parole in the discretion of the panel of the Board of Pardons and Paroles for the institution in which such person is confined, provided (A) if such person is serving a sentence of fifty years or less, such person shall be eligible for parole after serving sixty per cent of the sentence or twelve years, whichever is greater, or (B) if such person is serving a sentence of more than fifty years, such person shall be eligible for parole after serving thirty years. Nothing in this subsection shall limit a person's eligibility for parole release under the provisions of subsections (a) to (e), inclusive, of this section if such person would be eligible for parole release at an earlier date under any of such provisions.

(2) The board shall apply the parole eligibility rules of this subsection only with respect to the sentence for a crime or crimes committed while a person was under eighteen years of age. Any portion of a sentence that is based on a crime or crimes committed while a person was eighteen years of age or older shall be subject to the applicable parole eligibility, suitability and release rules set forth in subsections (a) to (e), inclusive, of this section.

(3) Whenever a person becomes eligible for parole release pursuant to this subsection, the board shall hold a hearing to determine such person's suitability for parole release. At least twelve months prior to such hearing, the board shall notify the office of Chief Public Defender, the appropriate state's attorney, the Victim Services Unit within the Department of Correction, the Office of the Victim Advocate and the Office of Victim Services within the Judicial Department of such person's eligibility for parole release pursuant to this subsection. The office of Chief Public Defender shall assign counsel for such person pursuant to section 51-296 if such person is indigent. At any hearing to determine such person's suitability for parole release pursuant to this subsection, the board shall permit (A) such person to make a statement on such person's behalf, (B) counsel for such person and the state's attorney to submit reports and other documents, and (C) any victim of the crime or crimes to make a statement pursuant to section 54-126a. The board may request testimony from mental health professionals or other relevant witnesses, and reports from the Commissioner of Correction or other persons, as the board may require. The board shall use validated risk assessment and needs assessment tools and its risk-based structured decision making and release criteria established pursuant to subsection (d) of section 54-124a in making a determination pursuant to this subsection.

(4) After such hearing, the board may allow such person to go at large on parole with respect to any portion of a sentence that was based on a crime or crimes committed while such person was under eighteen years of age if the board finds that such parole release would be consistent with the factors set forth in subdivisions (1) to (4), inclusive, of subsection (c) of section 54-300 and if it appears, from all available information, including, but not limited to, any reports from the Commissioner of Correction, that (A) there is a reasonable probability that such person will live and remain at liberty without violating the law, (B) the benefits to such person and society that would result from such person's release to community supervision substantially outweigh the benefits to such person and society that would result from such person's continued incarceration, and (C) such person has demonstrated substantial rehabilitation since the date such crime or crimes were committed considering such person's character, background and history, as demonstrated by factors, including, but not limited to, such person's correctional record, the age and circumstances of such person as of the date of the commission of the crime or crimes, whether such person has demonstrated remorse and increased maturity since the date of the commission of the crime or crimes, such person's contributions to the welfare of other persons through service, such person's efforts to overcome substance abuse, addiction, trauma, lack of education or obstacles that such person may have faced as a child or youth in the adult correctional system, the opportunities for rehabilitation in the adult correctional system and the overall degree of such person's rehabilitation considering the nature and circumstances of the crime or crimes.

(5) After such hearing, the board shall articulate for the record its decision and the reasons for its decision. If the board determines that continued confinement is necessary, the board may reassess such person's suitability for a new parole hearing at a later date to be determined at the discretion of the board, but not earlier than two years after the date of its decision.

(6) The decision of the board under this subsection shall not be subject to appeal.

(g) Any person released on parole under this section shall remain in the custody of the Commissioner of Correction and be subject to supervision by personnel of the Department of Correction during such person's period of parole.

(P.A. 90-261, S. 5; P.A. 92-114; P.A. 93-219, S. 2, 14; P.A. 94-37, S. 2; P.A. 95-255, S. 1–3; P.A. 99-196, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 74, 131; P.A. 04-234, S. 2, 3; Jan. Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-1, S. 5; P.A. 10-36, S. 30; P.A. 11-51, S. 25; P.A. 12-5, S. 32; P.A. 13-3, S. 59; 13-247, S. 376; P.A. 15-84, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-2, S. 12–15.)

History: P.A. 92-114 amended Subsec. (a) to make eligible for parole a person convicted of “one or more crimes” who received “a definite sentence or aggregate sentence of more than one year and has been confined under such sentence or sentences for not less than one-half of the aggregate sentence or one-half of the most recent sentence imposed by the court, whichever is greater”, rather than only a person convicted of “a felony” who received “a definite sentence of more than one year who has been confined under such sentence for not less than one-half of the sentence imposed by the court”; P.A. 93-219 amended Subsec. (a) to limit parole eligibility to persons who received a sentence of more than two years, rather than more than one year, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 94-37 amended Subsec. (b) to make ineligible for parole a person convicted of an offense committed with a firearm in or on, or within 1,500 feet of, the real property comprising a public or private elementary or secondary school; P.A. 95-255 amended Subsec. (b) to add Subdiv. (2) re parole eligibility of persons convicted of offenses involving the use, attempted use or threatened use of physical force, designating existing provision re parole ineligibility of certain offenders as Subdiv. (1) and existing provision re parole eligibility of persons convicted of offenses carrying a mandatory minimum sentence as Subdiv. (3), effective July 1, 1996, and added Subsec. (c) requiring the Board of Parole to adopt regulations re the classification and release of violent offenders, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 99-196 amended Subsec. (b) to delete Subdiv. (3) re parole eligibility date of a person convicted of an offense carrying a mandatory minimum sentence; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 added Subsec. (d) requiring the Board of Parole to submit reports re the number of persons whose eligibility for parole release is subject to Subsec. (a) and who have completed 75% of their definite sentence but have not been approved for parole release and made technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-234 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that parolee shall, while on parole, remain “under the jurisdiction” of board rather than “in the legal custody” of board and provide that limits of parolee's residence may be changed in discretion of “the board and the Commissioner of Correction” rather than in discretion of “such panel”, amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision making ineligible for parole a person convicted of offense committed with a firearm in or on, or within 1,500 feet of an elementary or secondary school, add provision making ineligible for parole a person convicted of aggravated assault in the first degree, as provided in Sec. 53a-70a and make technical changes, deleted former Subsec. (d) requiring Board of Parole to submit reports re the number of persons whose eligibility for parole release is subject to Subsec. (a) and who have completed 75% of their definite sentence but have not been approved for parole release, added new Subsec. (d) to require board to hold hearing to determine suitability for parole release of any person whose eligibility for parole release is not subject to Subsec. (b) upon completion of 75% of such person's sentence, require employee or panel to reassess suitability for parole release of such a person, specify standards for reassessment, require board to articulate for the record its reasons if it determines that continued confinement is necessary and provide that decision of board is not appealable, added new Subsec. (e) to require board to hold hearing to determine suitability for parole release of any person whose eligibility for parole release is not subject to Subsec. (b)(2) upon completion of 85% of such person's sentence, require employee or panel to assess suitability for parole release of such a person, specify standards for reassessment, require board to articulate for the record its reasons if it determines that continued confinement is necessary and provide that decision of board is not appealable and added new Subsec. (f) to provide that a person remains in custody of Commissioner of Correction and is subject to supervision by personnel of Department of Correction while on parole, effective June 8, 2004, and replaced Board of Parole with Board of Pardons and Paroles, effective July 1, 2004; Jan. Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-1 amended Subsec. (b)(2) to add Subpara. (A) re person convicted of a violation of Sec. 53a-100aa or 53a-102 and designate existing provision as Subpara. (B), effective March 1, 2008; P.A. 10-36 amended Subsec. (a) to require state's attorney to send board the record, if any, of each person sentenced to more than 2 years, rather than more than 1 year, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-51 provided for deduction from person's sentence of any risk reduction credit earned under Sec. 18-98e when calculating parole eligibility date under Subsecs. (a) to (c), length of time under jurisdiction of board under Subsec. (a) and date for parole suitability hearing under Subsecs. (d) and (e), effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-5 amended Subsec. (b)(1) to insert Subpara. designators (A) and (C) to (F), add reference to provisions of Sec. 53a-54b in effect prior to April 25, 2012, re capital felony in Subpara. (A) and add Subpara. (B) re murder with special circumstances under Sec. 53a-54b, effective April 25, 2012; P.A. 13-3 amended Subsecs. (b)(2), (c) and (e) to delete provisions re deduction for risk reduction credit earned under Sec. 18-98e, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-247 amended Subsecs. (d) and (e) by changing “shall” to “may” re hearing by board to determine suitability for parole release, adding provisions re board to document specific reasons for not holding a hearing and re no person to be released on parole without receiving a hearing, and making technical changes, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 15-84 amended Subsecs. (a), (d) and (e) by replacing “aggregate sentence” with “total effective sentence”, adding new Subsec. (f) re person convicted of one or more crimes committed while the person was under 18 years of age, redesignating existing Subsec. (f) as Subsec. (g), and making a technical change; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-2 amended Subsec. (a) by adding new Subdiv. (1) re parole in accordance with Sec. 54-125i and by designating existing provision re discretion of panel of the board as Subdiv. (2) and amending same to delete provision re panel for the institution in which person is confined, redesignate existing Subdivs. (1) and (2) as Subparas. (A) and (B) and make a technical change, and amended Subsec. (e) by adding provisions re possession of complete file for applicant and certification by each member that all documentation has been reviewed, effective July 1, 2015.

See Sec. 18-100c re release of inmates with sentences of two years or less.

Broad discretionary nature of statute does not grant inmate the right to parole eligibility after serving one half of sentence and there is no liberty interest in parole release. 281 C. 241. Holding in Miller v. Alabama, 132 S. Ct. 2455, applies retroactively to cases on collateral review; life sentence for a juvenile includes a sentence of 50 years or more. 317 C. 52. Neither the substantive, parole eligibility calculation, nor the procedural, hearing, changes under the 2013 amendments to section altered the fundamental fact that the determination whether to grant an inmate parole is entirely at the discretion of the board; where an inmate has no vested liberty interest in parole itself, then it follows that the procedure by which the board exercises its discretion to award or deny the petitioner parole does not implicate a vested liberty interest. 326 C. 357.

Board of Parole did not abuse discretion where there was misinterpretation of statute concerning parole eligibility unless petitioner served more time as a result of misinterpretation. 96 CA 26.

Cited. 44 CS 417.

Subsec. (b):

Requirement under Subdiv. (2) that a person shall remain ineligible for parole until completing not less than 85 per cent of the definite sentence imposed not applicable to persons who committed offenses prior to July 1, 1996. 258 C. 804. Cited. Id., 830. 2013 amendment to Subdiv. (2) eliminating risk reduction credit from calculation of violent offender parole eligibility violates ex post facto clause as applied retroactively to petitioner who was convicted after 2011 but prior to such amendment, see also 330 C. 486. 330 C. 462.

Defendant's guilty plea for murder charge remains effective, even when trial court, in accepting guilty plea, failed to advise defendant that murder conviction would make him ineligible for parole pursuant to Subdiv. (1), as long as record indicates that defendant understood actual sentencing possibilities. 53 CA 90. Petitioner alleged sufficient facts to make a colorable showing that he would serve more prison time as result of Board of Pardons and Paroles application of revised section, as amended by Jan. Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-1, that specified he would not be eligible for parole until he served 85 per cent, rather than 50 per cent, of his sentence. 121 CA 1. Change to subsection removing potential of using earned risk reduction credits to advance the date petitioner could be eligible for parole does not violate the constitutional ex post facto prohibition since it has no bearing on the punishment petitioner's criminal conduct exposed him to. 177 CA 71.

Subsec. (f):

Section has the legal effect of altering defendant's punishment so that he no longer will serve life, or its equivalent, in prison without the possibility of parole, thus, if a defendant has the possibility of parole, there is no violation under Miller and resentencing is not required. 333 C. 378. Section does not violate the separation of powers doctrine by improperly delegating sentencing powers to the board. Id. Subdiv. (1): When a defendant is serving more than one definite sentence, the defendant's parole eligibility date for purposes of Subdiv. is calculated on the basis of the aggregate term of the definite sentences. 341 C. 97.

Parole hearing under section offers a constitutionally adequate remedy to juvenile offenders who are facing life without parole or its functional equivalent and who were entitled to be, but were not, sentenced with consideration of the mitigating factors of youth as required by Miller v. Alabama, 132 S. Ct. 2455. 167 CA 744. The meaningful textual differences between the Subsecs. at issue in Baker, 281 C. 241, and Perez, 326 C. 357, and this Subsec. leads to conclusion that legislature intended to vest petitioner with cognizable liberty interest in parole eligibility under this Subsec. 199 CA 575.