2020 Connecticut General Statutes
Title 46b - Family Law
Chapter 815e - Marriage
Section 46b-38b - Investigation of family violence crime by peace officer. Arrest. Assistance to victim. Guidelines. Compliance with model law enforcement policy on family violence. Education and training program. Assistance and protocols for victims whose immigration status is questionable. Exceptions.
(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, whenever a peace officer determines upon speedy information that a family violence crime has been committed within such officer's jurisdiction, such officer shall arrest the person suspected of its commission and charge such person with the appropriate crime. The decision to arrest and charge shall not (1) be dependent on the specific consent of the victim, (2) consider the relationship between persons suspected of committing a family violence crime, or (3) be based solely on a request by the victim. Whenever a peace officer determines that a family violence crime has been committed, such officer may seize any firearm or electronic defense weapon, as defined in section 53a-3, or ammunition at the location where the crime is alleged to have been committed that is in the possession of any person arrested for the commission of such crime or suspected of its commission or that is in plain view. Not later than seven days after any such seizure, the law enforcement agency shall return such firearm, electronic defense weapon or ammunition in its original condition to the rightful owner thereof unless such person is ineligible to possess such firearm, electronic defense weapon or ammunition or unless otherwise ordered by the court.
(b) When complaints of family violence are made by two or more opposing persons, a peace officer is not required to arrest both persons. The peace officer shall evaluate each complaint separately to determine which person is the dominant aggressor. In determining which person is the dominant aggressor, the peace officer shall consider the need to protect victims of domestic violence, whether one person acted in defense of self or a third person, the relative degree of any injury, any threats creating fear of physical injury, and any history of family violence between such persons, if such history can reasonably be obtained by the peace officer. The peace officer shall arrest the person whom the officer believes to be the dominant aggressor.
(c) If a peace officer believes probable cause exists for the arrest of two or more persons, in lieu of arresting or seeking a warrant for the arrest of any person determined not to be the dominant aggressor, such peace officer may submit a report detailing the conduct of such person during the incident to the state's attorney for the judicial district in which the incident took place for further review and advice. The provisions of this section shall be construed to discourage, when appropriate, but not prohibit, dual arrests.
(d) No peace officer investigating an incident of family violence shall threaten, suggest or otherwise indicate, the arrest of all persons involved in such incident for the purpose of discouraging any request from a person for law enforcement intervention.
(e) No peace officer shall be held liable in any civil action regarding personal injury or injury to property brought by any party to a family violence incident for (1) an arrest based on probable cause; (2) any conditions of release imposed pursuant to subsection (b) of section 54-63c; or (3) determinations made pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) of this section.
(f) It shall be the responsibility of the peace officer at the scene of a family violence incident to provide immediate assistance to the victim. Such assistance shall include, but need not be limited to: (1) Assisting the victim to obtain medical treatment if such treatment is required; (2) notifying the victim of the right to file an affidavit for a warrant for arrest; (3) informing the victim of services available, including providing the victim with contact information for a regional family violence organization that employs, or provides referrals to, counselors who are trained in providing trauma-informed care; (4) referring the victim to the Office of Victim Services; and (5) providing assistance in accordance with the uniform protocols for treating victims of family violence whose immigration status is questionable, established pursuant to subsection (i) of this section. In cases where the officer has determined that no cause exists for an arrest, assistance shall include: (A) Assistance as provided in subdivisions (1) to (5), inclusive, of this subsection; and (B) remaining at the scene for a reasonable time until, in the reasonable judgment of the officer, the likelihood of further imminent violence has been eliminated. For the purposes of this subsection, “trauma-informed care” means services (i) directed by a thorough understanding of the neurological, biological, psychological and social effects of trauma and violence on a person; and (ii) delivered by a regional family violence organization that employs, or provides referrals to, counselors who: (I) Make available to the victim of family violence resources on trauma exposure, its impact and treatment; (II) engage in efforts to strengthen the resilience and protective factors of victims of family violence who are impacted by and vulnerable to trauma; (III) emphasize continuity of care and collaboration among organizations that provide services to children; and (IV) maintain professional relationships for referral and consultation purposes with programs and persons with expertise in trauma-informed care.
(g) (1) Each law enforcement agency shall develop, in conjunction with the Division of Criminal Justice, and implement specific operational guidelines for arrest policies in family violence incidents. Such guidelines shall include, but need not be limited to: (A) Procedures for the conduct of a criminal investigation; (B) procedures for arrest and for victim assistance by peace officers; (C) education as to what constitutes speedy information in a family violence incident; (D) procedures with respect to the provision of services to victims; and (E) such other criteria or guidelines as may be applicable to carry out the purposes of sections 46b-1, 46b-15, 46b-38a to 46b-38f, inclusive, and 54-1g. Such procedures shall be duly promulgated by such law enforcement agency. On and after October 1, 2012, each law enforcement agency shall develop and implement specific operational guidelines for arrest policies in family violence incidents which, at a minimum, meet the standards set forth in the model law enforcement policy on family violence established in subdivision (2) of this subsection.
(2) There is established a model law enforcement policy on family violence for the state. Such policy shall consist of the model policy submitted by the task force established in section 19 of public act 11-152* on January 31, 2012, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary, as amended from time to time by the Family Violence Model Policy Governing Council established pursuant to section 46b-38j.
(3) Not later than January 15, 2013, and annually thereafter, the chairperson of the Police Officer Standards and Training Council shall provide notice of updates to the model policy, if any, adopted by the council during the prior calendar year, to the chief law enforcement officer of each municipality having a police department, the law enforcement instructor of each such police department, and the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection.
(4) Not later than July 1, 2013, and annually thereafter, each law enforcement agency shall submit a report to the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, in such form as the commissioner prescribes, regarding the law enforcement agency's compliance with the model law enforcement policy on family violence for the state.
(5) On and after July 1, 2010, each law enforcement agency shall designate at least one officer with supervisory duties to expeditiously process, upon request of a victim of family violence or other crime who is applying for U Nonimmigrant Status (A) a certification of helpfulness on Form I-918, Supplement B, or any subsequent corresponding form designated by the United States Department of Homeland Security, confirming that the victim of family violence or other crime has been helpful, is being helpful, or is likely to be helpful in the investigation or prosecution of the criminal activity, and (B) any subsequent certification required by the victim.
(h) The Police Officer Standards and Training Council, in conjunction with the Division of Criminal Justice, shall establish an education and training program for law enforcement officers, supervisors and state's attorneys on the handling of family violence incidents. Training under such program shall: (1) Stress the enforcement of criminal law in family violence cases and the use of community resources, and include training for peace officers at both recruit and in-service levels; and (2) include, but not be limited to: (A) The nature, extent and causes of family violence; (B) factors for determining a dominant aggressor in a family violence case; (C) legal rights of and remedies available to victims of family violence and persons accused of family violence; (D) services and facilities available to victims and persons who commit acts of family violence; (E) legal duties imposed on police officers to make arrests and to offer protection and assistance, including applicable probable cause standards; and (F) techniques for handling incidents of family violence that minimize the likelihood of injury to the officer and promote the safety of the victim. Training under such program shall also include, within available appropriations, information on (i) the impact of arrests of multiple parties in a family violence case on the immigration status of the parties; (ii) crime scene investigation and evaluation practices in family violence cases designed by the council to reduce the number of multiple arrests in family violence cases; and (iii) practical considerations in the application of the general statutes related to family violence. Such training shall also address, within available appropriations, eligibility for federal T Visas for victims of human trafficking and federal U Visas for unauthorized immigrants who are victims of family violence and other crimes.
(i) The Police Officer Standards and Training Council shall establish uniform protocols for treating victims of family violence whose immigration status is questionable, and shall make such protocols available to law enforcement agencies. Each law enforcement agency shall adopt and use such protocols on and after the date they are established by the council.
(j) The provisions of this section shall not apply to persons who are (1) attending an institution of higher education and presently residing together in on-campus housing or in off-campus housing that is owned, managed or operated by the institution of higher education or its agent, provided such persons are not family or household members as defined in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (E) or (F) of subdivision (2) of section 46b-38a, or (2) presently residing in a dwelling unit, as defined in section 47a-1, and making payments pursuant to a rental agreement, as defined in section 47a-1, provided such persons are not family or household members as defined in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (E) or (F) of subdivision (2) of section 46b-38a.
(P.A. 86-337, S. 2; P.A. 87-554; 87-567, S. 2, 7; 87-589, S. 13, 87; P.A. 95-108, S. 15; P.A. 96-246, S. 32; P.A. 99-186, S. 3; P.A. 00-196, S. 58; P.A. 02-120, S. 1; P.A. 04-66, S. 1; P.A. 07-123, S. 2, 7; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-7, S. 64; P.A. 10-36, S. 5; P.A. 11-152, S. 3; P.A. 12-114, S. 19, 23; P.A. 13-3, S. 37; 13-214, S. 11; P.A. 18-5, S. 2; P.A. 19-189, S. 43.)
*Note: Section 19 of public act 11-152 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.
History: P.A. 87-554 substituted commission on victim services for criminal injuries compensation board; P.A. 87-567 added “as defined in subdivision (3) of section 46b-38a” after “family violence crime” and deleted former provision of Subsec. (e) re release of person arrested in family violence case; P.A. 87-589 made technical change in Subsec. (d); P.A. 95-108 amended Subsec. (f) to rename Municipal Police Training Council as Police Officer Standards and Training Council; P.A. 96-246 amended Subsec. (e) by deleting references to Subsec. (e) of Sec. 17a-101 and Sec. 17a-107; P.A. 99-186 amended Subsec. (a) to exclude a family violence crime involving a dating relationship from provision requiring peace officer to make an arrest when a family violence crime has been committed, to add provision authorizing a peace officer to seize any firearm in possession of any person or in plain view at the crime scene, to add provision requiring the law enforcement agency to return any such seized firearm in its original condition to the rightful owner within 48 hours unless the person is ineligible to possess such firearm or unless otherwise ordered by the court, and to make technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality; P.A. 00-196 changed reference to “Commission on” to “Office of” Victim Services in Subsec. (d); P.A. 02-120 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change, to authorize seizure of a firearm whenever a peace officer “determines that a family violence crime has been committed” rather than whenever the officer “makes an arrest under this subsection”, to authorize seizure of a firearm that is in the possession of any person suspected of the commission of a family violence crime and to extend from 48 hours to 7 days the time period after seizure for the law enforcement agency to return the firearm to its rightful owner; P.A. 04-66 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “received from” with “made by”, replacing “he should seek a warrant” with “such officer should make an arrest or seek a warrant” and adding provision re use of force as means of self defense and made technical changes in Subsecs. (a), (d), (e) and (f); P.A. 07-123 amended Subsec. (a) to make provisions re seizure and return of a firearm applicable to an electronic defense weapon and amended Subsec. (c) to provide that a peace officer shall not be held liable for any conditions of release imposed pursuant to Sec. 54-63c(b); Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-7 added Subsec. (d)(4) re assistance in accordance with uniform protocols for treating victims whose immigration status is questionable, designated existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (e)(1) and added Subsec. (e)(2) re designation of officer to process certification of helpfulness or any subsequent certification required by victim, amended Subsec. (f) to include applicable probable cause standards in Subdiv. (2)(D) and to add training requirements to be included on and after July 1, 2010, added Subsec. (g) re uniform protocols for treating victims whose immigration status is questionable and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 10-36 amended Subsec. (d)(2) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 11-152 amended Subsec. (a) to delete exception from arrest provisions for family violence crime involving a dating relationship, and amended Subsec. (d) to include contact information for regional family violence organization that employs or provides referrals to counselors trained in trauma-informed care in Subdiv. (3), designate portion of Subdiv. (3) re Office of Victim Services as Subdiv. (4), redesignate existing Subdiv. (4) as Subdiv. (5), define “trauma-informed care” and make conforming changes; P.A. 12-114 amended Subsec. (d) to redefine “trauma-informed care” by adding provisions re services delivered by regional family violence organization, effective July 1, 2012, and amended Subsec. (e) to add requirement in Subdiv. (1) that law enforcement agencies develop and implement operational guidelines that meet standards in model law enforcement policy on family violence, add new Subdiv. (2) re model law enforcement policy on family violence for the state, add Subdiv. (3) re notice of updates to model policy to be provided to chief law enforcement officers and law enforcement instructors, add Subdiv. (4) re annual compliance report from law enforcement agencies and redesignate existing Subdiv. (2) as Subdiv. (5), effective October 1, 2012; P.A. 13-3 amended Subsec. (a) to apply provisions re seizure and return of firearms and electronic defense weapons to ammunition; P.A. 13-214 amended Subsec. (f) to substitute “persons who commit acts of family violence” for “batterers” and “general statutes” for “state statutes”; P.A. 18-5 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section”, and replacing “of the parties” with “between persons suspected of committing a family violence crime” in Subdiv. (2), substantially amended Subsec. (b) by replacing provisions re peace officer investigating incident of family violence and evaluating complaint with new provisions re same, added new Subsec. (c) re police officer's belief probable cause exists for arrest of two or more persons, added new Subsec. (d) re police officer not to threaten, suggest or otherwise indicate arrest of all persons involved in incident of family violence for purpose of discouraging request from person for law enforcement intervention, redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) to (g) as Subsecs. (e) to (i), amended redesignated Subsec. (e) by designating existing provisions re arrest based on probable cause as Subdiv. (1), designating existing provisions re conditions of release imposed pursuant to Sec. 54-63c(b) as Subdiv. (2), and adding Subdiv. (3) re determinations made pursuant to Subsec. (b) or (c), amended redesignated Subsec. (h)(2) by adding new Subpara. (B) re factors for determining dominant aggressor in family violence case, redesignating existing Subparas. (B) to (E) as Subparas. (C) to (F), and further amended redesignated Subsec. (h) by deleting references to July 1, 2010, amended redesignated Subsec. (i) by deleting reference to July 1, 2010, added Subsec. (j) re persons to whom provisions of section are not applicable, and made technical and conforming changes, effective January 1, 2019; P.A. 19-189 amended Subsec. (j) by replacing provision re persons not in dating relationship with provision re persons in off-campus housing owned, managed or operated by institution of higher education or agent, provided persons are not family or household members, and replacing “and” with “or” in Subdiv. (1), and replacing provision re persons not in dating relationship with provision re family or household members in Subdiv. (2), effective July 1, 2019.
