2019 Connecticut General Statutes
Title 22a - Environmental Protection
Chapter 440 - Wetlands and Watercourses
Section 22a-44 - Penalty. Court orders.
(a) If the inland wetlands agency or its duly authorized agent finds that any person is conducting or maintaining any activity, facility or condition which is in violation of sections 22a-36 to 22a-45, inclusive, or of the regulations of the inland wetlands agency, the agency or its duly authorized agent may issue a written order, by certified mail, to such person conducting such activity or maintaining such facility or condition to cease immediately such activity or to correct such facility or condition. Within ten days of the issuance of such order the agency shall hold a hearing to provide the person an opportunity to be heard and show cause why the order should not remain in effect. The agency shall consider the facts presented at the hearing and within ten days of the completion of the hearing notify the person by certified mail that the original order remains in effect, that a revised order is in effect, or that the order has been withdrawn. The original order shall be effective upon issuance and shall remain in effect until the agency affirms, revises or withdraws the order. The issuance of an order pursuant to this section shall not delay or bar an action pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. The agency may file a certificate of such order in the office of the town clerk of the town in which the land is located and the town clerk shall record such certificate on the land records of such town. Such certificate shall be released upon compliance with such order. The commissioner may issue orders pursuant to sections 22a-6 to 22a-7, inclusive, concerning an activity, facility or condition (1) which is in violation of said sections 22a-36 to 22a-45, inclusive, if the municipality in which such activity, facility or condition is located has failed to enforce its inland wetlands regulations, or (2) for which an approval is required under sections 22a-36 to 22a-45, inclusive, and for which such approval has not been obtained.
(b) Any person who commits, takes part in, or assists in any violation of any provision of sections 22a-36 to 22a-45, inclusive, including regulations adopted by the commissioner and ordinances and regulations promulgated by municipalities or districts pursuant to the grant of authority herein contained, shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more than one thousand dollars for each offense. Each violation of said sections shall be a separate and distinct offense, and, in the case of a continuing violation, each day's continuance thereof shall be deemed to be a separate and distinct offense. The Superior Court, in an action brought by the commissioner, municipality, district or any person, shall have jurisdiction to restrain a continuing violation of said sections, to issue orders directing that the violation be corrected or removed and to assess civil penalties pursuant to this section. All costs, fees and expenses in connection with such action shall be assessed as damages against the violator together with reasonable attorney's fees which may be allowed, all of which shall be awarded to the commissioner, municipality, district or person which brought such action. All penalties collected pursuant to this section shall be used solely by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection (1) to restore the affected wetlands or watercourses to their condition prior to the violation, wherever possible, (2) to restore other degraded wetlands or watercourses, (3) to inventory or index wetlands and watercourses of the state, or (4) to implement a comprehensive training program for inland wetlands agency members.
(c) Any person who wilfully or knowingly violates any provision of sections 22a-36 to 22a-45, inclusive, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars for each day during which such violation continues or be imprisoned not more than six months or both. For a subsequent violation, such person shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars for each day during which such violation continues or be imprisoned not more than one year or both. For the purposes of this subsection, “person” shall be construed to include any responsible corporate officer.
(1972, P.A. 155, S. 9; P.A. 75-387, S. 2; P.A. 76-330; P.A. 77-599, S. 4, 7; P.A. 81-125, S. 1; P.A. 87-338, S. 9, 11; P.A. 95-151, S. 2; 95-218, S. 13, 24; P.A. 96-269, S. 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)
History: P.A. 75-387 made previous provisions Subsec. (b) and inserted new Subsec. (a) re orders issued upon discovery of violation of Secs. 22a-36 to 22a-45 or regulations of inland wetlands agency; P.A. 76-330 allowed assessment of attorneys fees against violator and required that all costs, etc. be awarded to the initiator of the action; P.A. 77-599 amended Subsec. (a) to allow issuance of orders to cease an activity as well as orders to correct facilities or conditions; P.A. 81-125 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize agents of inland wetlands agencies to issue orders and amended Subsec. (b) to clarify the superior court's jurisdiction to impose fines; P.A. 87-338 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize the commissioner to issue orders concerning violations if the municipality in which the violation occurred has failed to enforce its regulations and added Subsec. (c) re wilful or knowing violations; P.A. 95-151 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for recording of certificate of order by inland wetlands agency on land records; P.A. 95-218 amended Subsec. (b) to allow use of penalties collected under this section for restoring other degraded wetlands, an inventory of wetlands in the state and training for wetlands officials (Revisor's note: The word “to” was inserted editorially by the Revisors following Subdiv. indicators (2), (3) and (4) for grammatical accuracy); P.A. 96-269 added Subsec. (a)(2) re enforcement by the commissioner concerning unauthorized activities; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2011.
Cited. 179 C. 250; 180 C. 421; Id., 692; 183 C. 85; Id., 532; 186 C. 67; 193 C. 414; 196 C. 218; 203 C. 525; 209 C. 544; Id., 652; 211 C. 416; 212 C. 710; Id., 727; 213 C. 604; 216 C. 320; 217 C. 164; 218 C. 703; 219 C. 404; 220 C. 362; Id., 476; 221 C. 46; 225 C. 185; 226 C. 579; 227 C. 904; 228 C. 95; 229 C. 247; Id., 627; Id., 659; 242 C. 355. Trial court properly concluded that corporate officer was personally liable for cutting trees. 275 C. 105.
Cited. 4 CA 271; 5 CA 70; 6 CA 715; 12 CA 47; 15 CA 336; 18 CA 440; 19 CA 713; 20 CA 309; 26 CA 564; 27 CA 590; 28 CA 780; 29 CA 12; Id., 105; 30 CA 85. As a matter of law, department could not properly issue an administrative order under Subsec. (a) having 3 years earlier elected to bring action against plaintiff under Subsec. (b). 31 CA 105. Cited. Id., 599; judgment reversed, see 229 C. 627; 32 CA 799; 34 CA 385; 36 CA 270; 37 CA 166.
Cited. 35 CS 145; 36 CS 1; 41 CS 444; 42 CS 57.
Subsec. (b):
Trial court properly determined per diem monetary penalties. 275 C. 105. Subsec. authorizes “any person” to bring an action for enforcement of provisions of Inland Wetlands and Watercourses Act, creating private right of action; plaintiffs had personal and legal interest in ensuring that intended development which might result in pollution to an adjacent watercourse running over portion of plaintiff's property was completed according to inland wetlands regulations and thus had standing to bring action under Subsec. 284 C. 268.
Cited. 8 CA 254; 41 CA 120. The phrase “person which brought such action” is not plain and unambiguous, and includes plaintiff who intervened as of right as a full party to the action pursuant to Practice Book rule. 135 CA 765.
