2021 Colorado Code
Title 7 - Corporations and Associations
Article 30 - Uniform Unincorporated Nonprofit Association Act
§ 7-30-109. Disposition of Personal Property of Inactive Nonprofit Association

1. If a nonprofit association has been inactive for three years or longer, a person in possession or control of personal property of the nonprofit association may transfer the property:
   1. If a document of the nonprofit association states a person to whom transfer is to be made under those circumstances, to that person; or
   2. If no person is so stated, to a nonprofit association or nonprofit corporation pursuing broadly similar purposes or to a government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality.

History. Source: L. 94: Entire article added, p. 1274, § 1, effective May 22. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 2203, § 3, effective July 1, 2004.

1. Section 9 (numbered as section 7-30-109 in C.R.S.) is not a dissolution rule. An inactive nonprofit association may not be one that has dissolved. It may have just stopped functioning and have taken no formal steps to dissolve. It might possibly be revived.
2. “Inactive” is not defined. A nonprofit association that has accomplished its purpose, such as seeking approval in a school bond election, is very likely inactive. A nonprofit association that has stopped pursuing its purposes, collecting dues, holding elections of officers and board members, and conducting meetings, and has no employees would seem to be inactive.
3. Section 9 (numbered as section 7-30-109 in C.R.S.) applies only to personal property -- tangible and intangible. Unclaimed property acts also apply to both kinds of personal property. All states have some form of unclaimed property act. Therefore, the relationship of these acts to this Act must be examined.
4. Section 9 (numbered as section 7-30-109 in C.R.S.) does not address what should be done with real property of an inactive nonprofit association. This seems justified. A nonprofit association owning real property of significant value is unlikely to become inactive. In the rare case that it does, the assistance of a court may be obtained in making appropriate disposition of the real property, primarily to ensure good title.
5. To obtain a Section 501(c)(3) tax classification as a nonprofit organization an association must specify a distribution of assets on dissolution that satisfies the Internal Revenue Code. To avoid the interpretation that Section 9 (numbered as section 7-30-109 in C.R.S.) might be construed to override an approved distribution provision in an association's governing document the primacy of that distribution provision is expressly recognized in paragraph (1) (numbered as subsection (1)(a) in C.R.S.).
6. If there is no bylaw or other controlling document the person may transfer the personal property to another nonprofit organization or a government or governmental entity. The nonprofit organization need not have the same nonprofit purpose as the inactive one. It is enough that the transferee's purpose is “broadly similar.” This requirement should not be construed narrowly. Otherwise, the risk of potential litigation over the transferor's choice will frustrate the section's purpose to provide a safe harbor.
7. Inasmuch as the transfer is made without consideration and the association almost certainly rendered insolvent, creditors of a nonprofit association would be protected by the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act Sections 4(a) and 5 and similar statutes. Whether they would also be protected if the transfer is made to the administrator of an unclaimed property statute depends on the terms of a jurisdiction's act. Uniform Unclaimed Property Act (1981) Sections 20 and 24 contemplate that a creditor may proceed against property in the hands of the administrator if the creditor claims an interest in the property, such as a security interest or judgment lien. However, a general creditor without some claim against the property would not be protected. It is unlikely that an inactive nonprofit association would have both unpaid creditors and a significant amount of property. Therefore, the two issues discussed above are unlikely to arise.
8. The person in possession or control is not required to give notice of the proposed transfer to anyone. An examination of to whom notice might reasonably be given reveals the difficulty with such a requirement. Almost by definition an inactive nonprofit association has no current members.

Section 9 (numbered as section 7-30-109 in C.R.S.) gives a person in possession or control of personal property of a nonprofit association an opportunity to be relieved of responsibility for it. Compliance with the section provides a safe harbor.

“Inactive” does not describe a nonprofit association whose sole purpose is to act should a specific problem arise. That there has been no activity because the problem has not arisen does not make the standby organization “inactive.”

A three year period of inactivity is suggested. It is unlikely that a nonprofit association that has been inactive for that period will begin functioning again. Thus, it is prudent to transfer its assets to someone likely to make appropriate use of them.

The Uniform Unclaimed Property Act (1981) applies to certain intangible and tangible personal property. If the property has been unclaimed by the owner for five or more years it is presumed abandoned. Intangible property, such as checking and savings accounts and uncollected dividends, is the main concern of these Acts. The obligor, such as a bank or other financial institution and corporation, is directed to report and turn over the property to the state administrator.

The only tangible personal property to which the Uniform Unclaimed Property Act (1981) applies is that in “a safe deposit box or any other safekeeping repository.” Many states have additional statutes that apply to property abandoned in airport, bus, and railroad lockers and the like. Tangible personal property of an inactive nonprofit association in the control or possession of a member or other person is not likely to be in these places. Therefore, overlap of this Act with the other state acts with respect to tangible personal property is likely to be very limited.

Property of an inactive nonprofit association is likely to be in the possession or control of a former member, board member, officer, or employee. Especially with respect to intangible property, their relation to the property is unlike that of those regulated by the unclaimed property acts. They are custodians or fiduciaries and not obligors. Those upon whom duties are imposed by the unclaimed property acts are obligors on such intangible property as bank accounts, money orders, life insurance policies, and utility deposits. The person acting under Section 9 (numbered as section 7-30-109 in C.R.S.) is very unlikely to be in the position of an obligor on such intangible property. In summary, there appears to be limited overlap.

Other special statutes may apply, such as laws governing unexpended campaign funds. Texas, for example, permits a person to retain political contributions for six years after the person is no longer an office-holder or candidate. It gives the person six choices of transferees, including a “recognized tax exempt charitable organization formed for educational, religious or scientific purposes.” Tex. Code Ann. Elections Section 251.012(d) and (e) (Vernon's 1986). Minnesota provides that if an unincorporated religious society “ceases to exist or to maintain its organization” title to its real and personal property vests in the “next higher governing or supervisory” body of the same denomination. Minn. Stat. Ann. Section 315.37 (West 1992).

There is no limitation with respect to the choice of a government or governmental entity.