2020 Colorado Revised Statutes
Title 13 - Courts And Court Procedure
Article 40. Forcible Entry and Detainer - General Provisions
Section 13-40-104. Unlawful detention defined.

(1) Any person is guilty of an unlawful detention of real property in the following cases:

1. When entry is made, without right or title, into any vacant or unoccupied lands ortenements;

2. When entry is made, wrongfully, into any public lands, tenements, mining claims, orother possessions which are claimed or held by a person who may have located, entered, or settled upon the same in conformity with the laws, rules, and regulations of the United States, or of this state, in relation thereto;

3. When any lessee or tenant at will, or by sufferance, or for any part of a year, or forone or more years, of any real property, including a specific or undivided portion of a building or dwelling, holds over and continues in possession of the demised premises, or any portion thereof, after the expiration of the term for which the same were leased, or after such tenancy, at will or sufferance, has been terminated by either party;

4. When such tenant or lessee holds over without permission of the tenant's or lessee'slandlord after any default in the payment of rent pursuant to the agreement under which the tenant or lessee holds, and, ten days' notice in writing has been duly served upon the tenant or lessee holding over, requiring in the alternative the payment of the rent or the possession of the premises; except that, for a nonresidential agreement or an employer-provided housing agreement, three days' notice is required pursuant to this section, and for an exempt residential agreement, five days' notice is required pursuant to this section. No such agreement shall contain a waiver by the tenant of the notice requirement of this subsection (1)(d). It is not necessary, in order to work a forfeiture of such agreement for nonpayment of rent, to make a demand for such rent on the day on which the same becomes due; but a failure to pay such rent upon demand, when made, works a forfeiture.

(d.5) When such tenant or lessee holds over, without the permission of the landlord, contrary to any condition or covenant the violation of which is defined as a substantial violation in section 13-40-107.5, and notice in writing has been duly served upon such tenant or lessee in accordance with section 13-40-107.5;

(e) When such tenant or lessee holds over, without such permission, contrary to any other condition or covenant of the agreement under which such tenant or lessee holds, and ten days' notice in writing has been duly served upon such tenant or lessee requiring in the alternative the compliance with such condition or covenant or the delivery of the possession of the premises so held; except that, for a nonresidential agreement or an employer-provided housing agreement, three days' notice is required pursuant to this section, and for an exempt residential agreement, five days' notice is required pursuant to this section.

(e.5) (I) When a tenant or lessee has previously been served with the notice described in paragraph (e) of this subsection (1) requiring compliance with a condition or covenant of the agreement, and subsequent to that notice holds over, without permission of the tenant or lessee's landlord, contrary to the same condition or covenant.

(II) A tenancy pursuant to a residential agreement may be terminated at any time pursuant to this subsection (1)(e.5) on the basis of a subsequent violation of the same condition or covenant of the agreement. The termination of a residential tenancy is effective ten days after service of written notice to quit. Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection (1)(e.5)(II), a tenancy pursuant to a nonresidential agreement, an exempt residential agreement, or an employer-provided housing agreement may be terminated at any time pursuant to this subsection (1)(e.5) on the basis of a subsequent violation. The termination of a nonresidential tenancy or an employer-provided housing tenancy is effective three days after service of written notice to quit, and the termination of a tenancy pursuant to an exempt residential agreement is effective five days after service of written notice to quit.

6. When the property has been duly sold under any power of sale, contained in anymortgage or trust deed that was executed by such person, or any person under whom such person claims by title subsequent to date of the recording of such mortgage or trust deed, and the title under such sale has been duly perfected and the purchaser at such sale, or his or her assigns, has duly demanded the possession thereof;

7. When the property has been duly sold under the judgment or decree of any court ofcompetent jurisdiction and the party or privies to such judgment or decree, after the expiration of the time of redemption when redemption is allowed by law, refuse or neglect to surrender possession thereof after demand therefor has been duly made by the purchaser at such sale, or his or her assigns;

8. When an heir or devisee continues in possession of any premises sold and conveyedby any personal representative with authority to sell, after demand therefor is duly made;

9. When a vendee having obtained possession under an agreement to purchase lands ortenements, and having failed to comply with his agreement, withholds possession thereof from his vendor, or assigns, after demand therefor is duly made.

(2) and (3) Repealed.

(4) (a) It shall not constitute an unlawful detention of real property as described in paragraph (d.5), (e), or (e.5) of subsection (1) of this section if the tenant or lessee is the victim of domestic violence, as that term is defined in section 18-6-800.3, C.R.S., or of domestic abuse, as that term is defined in section 13-14-101 (2), which domestic violence or domestic abuse was the cause of or resulted in the alleged unlawful detention and which domestic violence or domestic abuse has been documented by the following:

1. A police report; or

2. A valid civil or emergency protection order.

2. A person is not guilty of an unlawful detention of real property pursuant to paragraph(a) of this subsection (4) if the alleged violation of the rental or lease agreement is a result of domestic violence or domestic abuse against the tenant or lessee.

3. A rental, lease, or other such agreement shall not contain a waiver by the tenant orlessee of the protections provided in this subsection (4).

4. Nothing in this subsection (4) shall prevent the landlord from seeking judgment forpossession against the tenant or lessee of the premises who perpetuated the violence or abuse that was the cause of or resulted in the alleged unlawful detention.

(5) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

1. "Employer-provided housing agreement" means a residential tenancy agreement between an employee and an employer when the employer or an affiliate of the employer acts as a landlord.

2. "Exempt residential agreement" means a residential agreement leasing a single family home by a landlord who owns five or fewer single family rental homes and who provides notice in the agreement that a ten-day notice period required pursuant to this section does not apply to the tenancy entered into pursuant to the agreement.

Source: L. 1885: p. 224, § 3. R.S. 08: § 2603. C.L. § 6369. CSA: C. 70, § 4. CRS 53: § 58-1-4. C.R.S. 1963: § 58-1-4. L. 79: (1)(h) amended, p. 648, § 4, effective July 1. L. 83: (1)(d) amended, p. 631, § 1, effective July 1. L. 86: (1)(c), (1)(f), and (1)(g) amended and (2) added, p. 434, § 7, effective April 18. L. 87: (1)(e) amended, p. 565, § 1, effective March 13; (2)(a)(I),

(2)(a)(II), and (2)(b) amended and (3) added, p. 1356, § 6, effective July 1. L. 94: (1)(d.5) added, p. 1467, § 1, effective May 31. L. 95: (1)(e) amended and (1)(e.5) added, p. 271, § 1, effective July 1. L. 98: (1)(c), (1)(f), and (1)(g) amended, p. 819, § 15, effective August 5. L. 2005: (4) added, p. 401, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2019: (1)(d), (1)(e), and (1)(e.5)(II) amended and (5) added, (HB 19-1118), ch. 230, p. 2316, § 1, effective May 20.

Editor's note: Subsection (2)(b) provided for the repeal of subsection (2), effective January 31, 1989. (See L. 87, p. 1356.) Subsection (3)(b) provided for the repeal of subsection (3), effective July 1, 1991. (See L. 87, p. 1356.)