2023 California Code
Revenue and Taxation Code - RTC
DIVISION 2 - OTHER TAXES
PART 10.2 - ADMINISTRATION OF FRANCHISE AND INCOME TAX LAWS
CHAPTER 4 - Payments and Assessments
ARTICLE 5 - Jeopardy Assessments
Section 19084.

19084. (a) (1) (A) Unless the Chief Counsel of the Franchise Tax Board (or the chief counsel’s delegate) personally approves (in writing) the assessment or levy, no assessment shall be made under this article and no levy shall be issued less than 30 days after either of the following:

(i) A notice and demand is mailed or issued for payment pursuant to Section 19081.

(ii) Notice and demand for a return and payment is mailed or issued pursuant to Section 19082.

(B) Within five days after the day on which either a notice and demand for payment is mailed or issued pursuant to Section 19081, or notice and demand for a return and payment is mailed or issued pursuant to Section 19082, the Franchise Tax Board shall mail or issue the taxpayer a written statement of the information upon which the Franchise Tax Board relies in issuing that notice and demand.

(2) Within 30 days after the day on which the taxpayer is furnished the written statement described in paragraph (1), or within 30 days after the last day of the period within which the statement is required to be furnished, the taxpayer may petition the Franchise Tax Board to review whether its finding pursuant to Section 19081 or 19082 is reasonable under the circumstances, specifying the grounds on which the petition is based. The filing of a petition for review shall not operate to stay collection. Collection may be stayed only as provided in Section 19083. A petition filed pursuant to this paragraph shall also be considered a protest filed pursuant to Section 19041 against the proposed additional tax.

(3) If a petition for review under paragraph (2) is not made within the 30-day period set forth in that paragraph, the finding of the Franchise Tax Board pursuant to Section 19081 or 19082 is final.

(4) After a petition for review is filed under paragraph (2), the Franchise Tax Board shall determine whether or not the issuance of notice and demand under Section 19081 or 19082 is reasonable under the circumstances. In making this determination, the Franchise Tax Board shall grant the taxpayer or authorized representative an oral hearing if the taxpayer has so requested in the petition. Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 11400) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code does not apply to a hearing under this paragraph. The burden of proof with respect to whether a jeopardy exists as to collection or an assessment is upon the Franchise Tax Board.

(5) The Franchise Tax Board shall make the determination under paragraph (4) within 90 days of the filing of the petition for review unless the taxpayer requests, in writing, additional time.

(6) In making the determination required by paragraph (4), the Franchise Tax Board shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the likelihood that collection will be jeopardized, the assets of the taxpayer, and the amount of the assessment as it relates to whether jeopardy status exists. The burden of proof as to the amount of the assessment for purposes of determining jeopardy status is upon the taxpayer.

(b) (1) Within 60 days after the earlier of the following days, the taxpayer may appeal the determination to the State Board of Equalization in the manner provided in Section 19085:

(A) The day the Franchise Tax Board notifies the taxpayer of the determination described in paragraph (4) of subdivision (a).

(B) One day after the time period prescribed by paragraph (5) of subdivision (a) for the Franchise Tax Board to make its determination.

(2) If an appeal is not filed before the expiration of the time periods, the Franchise Tax Board’s determination is final. Filing of an appeal shall not operate to stay collection. Collection may be stayed only as provided in Section 19083.

(3) Within 60 days after an appeal is filed under paragraph (1), the board shall determine whether the issuance of notice and demand under Section 19081 or 19082 is reasonable under the circumstances. The burden of proof with respect to whether a jeopardy exists as to collection or an assessment is upon the Franchise Tax Board.

(4) If the board determines that a jeopardy status does not apply to all or part of the assessment, the board may modify the amount of the assessment to which the jeopardy attaches. If the board does not act within the time period provided in paragraph (3) as modified by paragraph (6), the board will be deemed to have denied the taxpayer’s appeal.

(5) In making the determination required by paragraph (3), the board shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the likelihood that collection will be jeopardized, the assets of the taxpayer, and the amount of the assessment as it relates to whether jeopardy status exists. The burden of proof as to the amount of the assessment for purposes of determining jeopardy status is upon the taxpayer.

(6) If either party requests an extension of the 60-day period set forth in paragraph (3) and establishes reasonable grounds why the extension should be granted, the board may grant an extension of not more than 30 additional days.

(c) (1) Within 60 days after the earlier of the following days, either party may bring a civil action against the other in superior court for a judicial determination as to whether or not the issuance of the notice and demand under Section 19081 or 19082 is reasonable under the circumstances:

(A) The day the board notifies the taxpayer of its determination described in paragraph (3), as modified by paragraph (6), of subdivision (b).

(B) If the board fails to make a timely determination, then one day after the time prescribed for the board to make its determination.

(2) If a civil action under this subdivision is not commenced within the 60-day period set forth in paragraph (1), the board’s determination is final. The filing of the civil action shall not operate to stay collection. Collection shall be stayed only as provided by Section 19083.

(3) Within 60 days after proper service is made, the superior court shall determine whether the issuance of notice and demand under Section 19081 or 19082 is reasonable under the circumstances. The burden of proof with respect to whether a jeopardy exists as to collection or an assessment is upon the Franchise Tax Board.

(4) If the court determines that a jeopardy status does not apply to all or part of the assessment, the court may modify the amount of the assessment to which the jeopardy attaches.

(5) In making the determination required by paragraph (3), the superior court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the likelihood that collection will be jeopardized, the assets of the taxpayer, and the amount of the assessment as it relates to whether jeopardy status exists. The burden of proof as to the amount of the assessment for purposes of determining jeopardy status is upon the taxpayer.

(6) If either party in the action requests an extension of the 60-day period set forth in paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) and establishes reasonable grounds why the extension should be granted, the superior court may grant an extension of not more than 30 additional days.

(7) Actions filed pursuant to this section shall be filed in the Superior Court of the County of Los Angeles, the City and County of San Francisco, the County of San Diego, or the County of Sacramento. Sections 19387 and 19389 shall apply to those actions.

(8) The determination made by a superior court under this section shall be final and conclusive and shall not be reviewed by any other court.

(d) The amendments made by the act adding this subdivision are operative for taxes assessed and levies made after the effective date of the act adding this subdivision.

(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 931, Sec. 16. Effective October 10, 1999.)