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2025 California Code
Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC
DIVISION 3 - VESSELS
CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally
ARTICLE 2 - Liability, Generally
Section 422.
Universal Citation:
CA Harb & Nav Code § 422 (2025)
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422. Perils of the sea are:
(a) Storms and waves.
(b) Rocks, shoals, and rapids.
(c) Other obstacles, though of human origin.
(d) Changes of climate.
(e) The confinement necessary at sea.
(f) Animals peculiar to the sea.
(g) All other dangers peculiar to the sea.
(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
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