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2021 California Code
Civil Code - CIV
DIVISION 1 - PERSONS
PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS
Section 45a.
Universal Citation: CA Civ Code § 45a (2021)
45a.
A libel which is defamatory of the plaintiff without the necessity of explanatory matter, such as an inducement, innuendo or other extrinsic fact, is said to be a libel on its face. Defamatory language not libelous on its face is not actionable unless the plaintiff alleges and proves that he has suffered special damage as a proximate result thereof. Special damage is defined in Section 48a of this code.
(Added by Stats. 1945, Ch. 1489.)
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