2019 California Code
Civil Code - CIV
DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY
PART 4 - ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY
TITLE 4 - TRANSFER
CHAPTER 4 - Recording Transfers
ARTICLE 3 - Proof and Acknowledgment of Instruments
Section 1198.
The execution of an instrument may be established by proof of the handwriting of the party and of a subscribing witness, if there is one, in the following cases:
1. When the parties and all the subscribing witnesses are dead; or,
2. When the parties and all the subscribing witnesses are non-residents of the State; or,
3. When the place of their residence is unknown to the party desiring the proof, and cannot be ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or,
4. When the subscribing witness conceals himself, or cannot be found by the officer by the exercise of due diligence in attempting to serve the subpoena or attachment; or,
5. In case of the continued failure or refusal of the witness to testify, for the space of one hour, after his appearance.
(Enacted 1872.)
