2015 California Code
Code of Civil Procedure - CCP
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
Section 17.

17. (a) Words used in this code in the present tense include the future as well as the present. Words used in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter. The singular number includes the plural and the plural number includes the singular.

(b) As used in this code, the following words have the following meanings, unless otherwise apparent from the context:

(1) Affinity signifies the connection existing in consequence of marriage, between each of the married persons and the blood relatives of the other when applied to the marriage relation.

(2) County includes city and county.

(3) Electronic signature means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with an electronic record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the electronic record.

(4) Month means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed.

(5) Oath includes an affirmation or declaration.

(A) Depose includes any written statement made under oath or affirmation.

(B) Testify includes any mode of oral statement made under oath or affirmation.

(6) Person includes a corporation as well as a natural person.

(7) Process signifies a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding.

(8) Property includes both personal and real property.

(A) Personal property includes money, goods, chattels, things in action, and evidences of debt.

(B) Real property is coextensive with lands, tenements, and hereditaments.

(9) Section refers to a section of this code, unless some other code or statute is expressly mentioned.

(10) Sheriff includes marshal.

(11) Signature or subscription includes a mark of a person s name, if the person cannot write, with his or her name being written near it by a person who writes his or her own name as a witness. In order that a mark may be acknowledged or serve as the signature to any sworn statement, it shall be witnessed by two persons who shall subscribe their own names as witnesses thereto.

(12) State includes the District of Columbia and the territories when applied to the different parts of the United States, and the words United States may include the district and territories.

(13) Will includes codicil.

(14) Writ means an order or precept in writing, issued in the name of the people, or of a court or judicial officer.

(15) Writing includes printing and typewriting.

(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 32, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2016.)