2005 California Education Code Sections 44250-44279 Article 4. Credential Types

44250.  The commission shall issue only the following two types of
credentials, with authorizations as hereinafter defined:
   (a) A teaching credential.
   (b) A services credential.
   The commission may issue an internship teaching or services
credential.
44251.  (a) The period for which a credential, as authorized under
Section 44250 issued prior to September 1, 1985, is valid shall be as
follows:
   (1) For an internship credential: two years.
   (2) For a preliminary credential, pending completion of the fifth
year of study: five years.
   (3) For a life credential: the life of the holder.
   (b) The period for which a credential issued on or after September
1, 1985, as authorized under Section 44250 is valid, shall be as
follows:
   (1) For an internship credential, two years.
   (2) For a preliminary credential, pending completion of the fifth
year of study:  five years.
   (3) For an applicant's first clear multiple or single subject
teaching credential:  the life of the holder, if the holder meets the
requirements of Section 44277.
   (4) For any clear multiple or single subject teaching credential
other than those to which paragraph (3) applies, the life of the
holder.
   (c) An emergency permit authorized in Section 44300 may be issued
or reissued for validity periods not to exceed one year as determined
by the commission.
44252.  (a) The commission shall establish standards and procedures
for the initial issuance and renewal of credentials.
   (b) Commencing on February 1, 1983, the Commission on Teacher
Credentialing shall not issue initially any credential, permit,
certificate, or renewal of an emergency credential to any person to
serve in the public schools unless the person has demonstrated
proficiency in basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills in the
English language as provided in Section 44252.5.  However, an
emergency credential holder who has passed the basic skills
proficiency test shall not be required to repeat the test in order to
obtain a renewal of his or her emergency credential.  The commission
shall exempt from the basic skills proficiency test requirement any
of the following persons:
   (1) A person credentialed solely for the purpose of teaching
adults in an apprenticeship program.
   (2) An applicant for an adult education designated subject
credential for other than an academic subject.
   (3) A person credentialed in another state who is an applicant for
employment in a school district in this state who has passed a basic
skills proficiency examination which has been developed and
administered by the school district offering that person employment,
or by cooperating school districts, or by the appropriate county
office of education.  School districts administering a basic skills
proficiency examination under this paragraph shall comply with the
requirements of subdivision (h) of Section 44830.  Such an applicant
shall be granted a nonrenewable credential, valid for not longer than
one year, pending fulfillment of the basic skills proficiency
requirement pursuant to Section 44252.5.
   (4) An applicant for a child care center permit or a permit
authorizing service in a development center for the handicapped, so
long as the holder of the permit is not required to have a
baccalaureate degree.
   (5) The holder of a credential, permit, or certificate to teach,
other than an emergency credential, who seeks an additional
authorization to teach.
   (6) An applicant for a credential to provide service in the health
profession.
   (c) By December 31, 1982, the Superintendent of Public Instruction
shall adopt an appropriate state test to measure proficiency in
these basic skills. In adopting the test, the superintendent shall
seek assistance from  the commission and an advisory board.  A
majority of the members of the advisory board shall be classroom
teachers.  The board shall also include representatives of local
school boards, school administrators, parents, and postsecondary
institutions.
   The superintendent shall adopt any normed test that the
superintendent determines will sufficiently test basic skills for
purposes of this section.
   The superintendent, in conjunction with the commission and
approved teacher training institutions, shall take steps necessary to
insure the effective implementation of this provision.
   (d) Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the
holders of, or applicants for, a designated subjects special subjects
credential or vocational designated subject credential to pass the
state basic skills proficiency test, unless the requirements for the
specific credential required the possession of a baccalaureate
degree.  The governing board of each school district, or each
governing board of a consortium of school districts, or each
governing board involved in a joint powers agreement, which employs a
holder of a designated subjects special subjects credential or
vocational designated subject credential shall establish its own
basic skills proficiency criteria for the holders of these
credentials and shall arrange for those individuals to be assessed.
The basic skills proficiency criteria established by the governing
board shall be at least equivalent to the test required by the
district, or in the case of a consortium or a joint powers agreement,
by any of the participating districts, for graduation from high
school.  The governing board or boards may charge a fee to
individuals being tested to cover the costs of the test, including
the costs of developing, administering, and grading the test.
   (e) The commission shall compile data regarding the rate of
passing the state basic skills proficiency test by persons who have
been trained in various institutions of higher education.  The data
shall be available to members of the public, including to persons who
intend to enroll in teacher education programs.
   (f) Each applicant to an approved credential program, unless
exempted by subdivision (b), shall take the state basic skills
proficiency test in order to provide both the prospective applicant
and the program with information regarding the applicant's
proficiency level.  Test results shall be forwarded to each
California postsecondary institution to which the applicant has
applied.  The program shall use test results to ensure that upon
admission, each applicant receives appropriate academic assistance
necessary to pass the state basic skills proficiency test.  Persons
residing outside the state shall take the test no later than the
second available administration following their enrollment in a
credential program.
   It is the intent of the Legislature that applicants for admission
to teacher preparation programs not be denied admission on the basis
of state basic skills proficiency test results.
44252.1.  (a) It is the intent of the Legislature that a credential
candidate enrolled in a credential preparation program receive
reasonable time to complete the program without meeting new
requirements, including, but not limited to, requirements added by
statutes, regulations, or commission standards, after the candidate's
enrollment in the program. Further, to ensure that all candidates
for a credential receive reasonable information and advice as they
proceed through their program, the Legislature finds and declares
that it is incumbent upon credential preparation programs to inform
candidates of new requirements and extension provisions available to
eligible candidates.
   (b) For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall
have the following meanings:
   (1) "Enrolled" refers to an individual who, on or after January 1,
2002, continuously participates in and is working toward completing
the requirements for a program that meets the minimum requirements
for a California preliminary multiple or single subject teaching
credential as specified in Section 44259. Whether an individual is
enrolled shall be subject to verification by the Commission on
Teacher Credentialing.
   (2) "Continuously enrolled" refers to an individual who has begun
a teacher preparation program and does not have a break in that
participation that exceeds a period of 18 months.
   (c) The commission shall adopt regulations to provide a credential
candidate enrolled in a commission-accredited preparation program,
including, but not limited to, an internship program as defined in
Article 7.5 (commencing with Section 44325) and Article 3 (commencing
with Section 44450), a professional preparation program as defined
in Article 7 (commencing with Section 44320), or an integrated
program of professional preparation as defined in Section 44259.1
with a grace period to complete the program without meeting new
requirements, including, but not limited to, requirements added by
statutes, regulations, or commission standards, after the candidate's
enrollment in the program.  The commission shall also ensure through
standards and accreditation procedures that credential preparation
programs provide credential candidates with information about new
requirements and extension provisions as outlined in this subdivision
and subdivisions (d) and (e).
   (1) The commission shall adopt regulations that provide a
credential candidate enrolled in a commission-accredited preparation
program time of not less than 24 months after enrollment in the
program, during which time new or amended statutes, regulations, and
commission standards that become effective and are imposed on
credential candidates after the candidate's enrollment date shall not
apply to that candidate.
   (2) The commission shall allow a credential candidate an extension
of time in addition to the time specified pursuant to paragraph (1)
to complete a credential program under the statutes, regulations, and
commission standards in place at the time of the candidate's
enrollment if the candidate can demonstrate extenuating
circumstances, including, but not limited to, personal or family
illness, bereavement, or financial hardship and develops a plan, in
consultation with the credential preparation program, for continued
progress toward completion of the preparation program.
   (d) The commission shall maintain a list of candidates who are
allowed an extended time period to complete the program under the
statutes, regulations, and commission standards in place at the time
of the candidates' enrollment prior to the effective date of a new or
amended statute, regulation, or standard. This list shall include
the projected date of program completion for each candidate.
   (e) (1) A credential candidate enrolled in an integrated program
of professional preparation pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section
44259.1 is not subject to any new requirements added by statute,
regulation, or commission standards if that candidate is continuously
enrolled in the program, as defined in paragraph (2) of subdivision
(b), and does not change the type of credential or program he or she
is pursuing once enrolled.
   (2) A credential candidate continuously enrolled in an integrated
program of professional preparation pursuant to subdivision (a) of
Section 44259.1 who has completed all requirements necessary to begin
the student teaching component of his or her program shall be
eligible to receive an extension of 12 months, if necessary, to
complete the outstanding requirements that were in place when that
credential candidate began the preparation program, and shall not be
subject to any new requirements added by statute, regulation, or
commission standards, once that candidate begins the student teaching
portion of his or her program.
   (3) This subdivision does not limit the ability of a candidate to
seek additional time to complete a credential pursuant to paragraph
(2) of subdivision (c).
   (4) By June 30, 2004, the commission shall report to the education
policy committees in each house of the Legislature on the success of
the integrated program of professional development pursuant to
Section 44259.1 toward preparing teacher candidates, including, but
not limited to, the number of students admitted to the teacher
education component in each program, the number of students who have
completed all course requirements, including student teaching, and
who have applied for a credential, the number of students applying
for and receiving an extension pursuant to subdivision (e), and the
information collected pursuant to subdivision (d).
   (f) This section does not supersede subdivision (h) of Section
44259.
   (g) A modification of a credentialing examination by the
commission that is made as the result of a validity study or a
passing standard study shall not be considered a new requirement for
purposes of this section.
   (h) If credential preparation coursework that a credential
candidate has not yet taken is modified, the candidate shall take the
modified coursework instead of the previously required coursework
unless the modified coursework is not readily available, the modified
coursework would result in an increased cost to the candidate, or
completion of the modified coursework would delay the candidate's
completion of the credential preparation program.
   (i) Once a candidate has received a preliminary California
teaching credential pursuant to Section 44259 and is employed as the
teacher of record in a California public school, the candidate shall
not be subject to any new requirements for completing the induction
phase required to obtain the professional clear teaching credential
pursuant to Section 44279.4, for a period not to exceed the length of
time provided for the preliminary teaching credential pursuant to
Section 44251.
44252.5.  (a) The commission shall administer the state basic skills
proficiency test pursuant to Sections 44227, 44252, and 44830 in
accordance with rules and regulations adopted by the commission.  The
adopted rules and regulations shall be promulgated by the commission
before January 1, 1983, and shall be exempt from the requirements of
Section 44232.  A fee shall be charged to individuals being tested
to cover the costs of the test, including the costs of developing,
administering, and grading the test.  The commission shall establish
the amount of this fee.  However, the fee shall not exceed thirty
dollars ($30) in the 1982-83 fiscal year, thirty-five dollars ($35)
in the 1983-84 fiscal year, and forty dollars ($40) for the 1984-85
fiscal year to January 1, 2002.  Subsequent to January 1, 2002, the
amount of the fee shall be established by the commission to recover
the cost of examination administration and development pursuant to
Section 44235.3.
   (b) The commission may enter into agreements with other states
permitting the use of the state basic skills proficiency test as a
requirement for the issuance of credentials or for teacher
preparation program admission in those other states, provided that
the use would advance the interests of the State of California and
that the other states reimburse the Teacher Credentials Fund for a
proportionate share of costs of the development and administration of
the test.
   (c) Any individual who passes the state basic skills proficiency
test, as adopted by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, shall
be considered proficient in the skills of reading, writing, and
mathematics, and shall not be required to be retested by this test
for purposes of meeting the proficiency requirements of Sections
44227, 44252, and 44830.
   (d) Any individual who passes one or more components of the state
basic skills proficiency test in the subjects of basic reading,
writing, or mathematics, shall be deemed to have demonstrated his or
her proficiency in these subject areas and shall not be required to
be retested in these subjects during subsequent test administrations.
44252.7.  (a) Commencing on September 1, 1984, applicants for an
initial regular children's center instructional permit, and
applicants for the renewal of an emergency children's center permit
or a limited service permit shall demonstrate proficiency in basic
reading, writing, and mathematics skills by doing one of the
following:
   (1) Passing a proficiency test developed by a school district
pursuant to either Section 45361.5 or 51216.
   (2) Having met the requirements for an associate degree or
baccalaureate degree.
   (3) Passing the California Basic Education Skills Test.
   (4) Passing a field-based assessment approved by the Commission on
Teacher Credentialing.
   (b) If a child care and development program teacher employed prior
to September 1, 1984, in such a program receiving public funds does
not demonstrate proficiency in basic skills pursuant to this section,
he or she shall be given two years to master these basic skills
without jeopardizing the renewal of his or her permit, and shall be
given additional opportunities to be reassessed.
   (c) Persons seeking compensation as a child care and development
program teacher in such a program who have limited English-speaking
ability may be granted an additional exemption to this requirement by
the employing agency, for a period of up to one year, if the agency
deems that the exemption is in the best interest of the children
enrolled in the program.  No person shall be exempted from these
requirements for more than a total of three years.
   (d) School districts receiving public funds to operate a child
care and development program under direct contract with the State
Department of Education and subject to regulations set forth in Title
5 of the California Administrative Code shall make available to
persons seeking compensation for work as teachers in the program the
test developed or administered pursuant to Section 45361.5 or 51216.
   A school district may charge a fee to persons taking the test
pursuant to the requirements of this section to fund the actual costs
incurred by the district in giving the test.
   (e) The State Department of Education shall make available an
appropriate test meeting the requirements of this section to a person
seeking compensation for work as a child care and development
program teacher in such a center which is not administered by a
school district.  School districts shall assist the State Department
of Education in fulfilling this requirement by making available to
the department, upon request, the test developed or administered
pursuant to Section 45361.5.
   (f) The State Department of Education may charge a fee to persons
taking the test pursuant to the requirements of this section to fund
the actual costs incurred by the department in giving the test.
44252.8.  (a) The commission may defer the state basic skills
proficiency test requirement in any case when illness, a family
death, or another similar and justifiable personal reason prevented a
credential applicant who had registered to take the test from taking
the test, or in any case when circumstances entirely beyond the
control of the applicant prevented his or her receipt of proof of
having passed the test.  However, the commission shall not grant a
deferral to any person who has failed the state basic skills
proficiency test.
   Any person granted a deferral pursuant to this section shall take
the state basic skills proficiency test at the next available
opportunity, or the deferral shall terminate.  If any person granted
a deferral fails to pass the test, the deferral shall terminate.
   (b) The commission shall keep a record of deferrals granted, the
persons to whom they were granted, and the reasons for the deferrals.
44252.9.  (a) The Legislature finds and declares that the effective
education of pupils in kindergarten and grades 1 to 12, inclusive,
depends substantially on the academic skills, content competence, and
pedagogical preparation of classroom teachers.  It is essential that
the ongoing administration of the state basic skills proficiency
exam for teachers be carried out at all times by a competent
contractor who adheres to high standards using sound, effective, and
defensible assessment procedures.  The administration of this exam is
jeopardized by the increasing costs of the exam and statutory
restrictions that remain in effect.  To preserve and strengthen the
screening of teacher candidates in relation to their basic academic
skills, the Legislature intends to maintain the state examination
that is administered by the commission pursuant to Section 44252.5,
and to support needed improvements in exam-related services to
teaching credential candidates.
   (b) The commission shall make improvements to increase access to
the state basic skills proficiency test, and shall improve
exam-related services provided to candidates for teaching
credentials, which may include, but are not limited to, the
following:
   (1) Administering the test more frequently.
   (2) Increasing the number of testing locations.
   (3) Making the exam available year-round by appointment at
examination centers that are highly secure and professionally
supervised.
   (c) The commission shall adopt these improvements in consultation
with the Department of Finance and shall report all improvements to
the Legislature, no later than January 1, 2003.
44253.  (a) The commission may issue a preliminary designated
subjects teaching credential, for a period not to exceed two years,
pending completion of the requirements in subdivisions  (b) and (c).
   (b) A course or examination on the provisions and principles of
the United States Constitution.
   (c) The applicant meets the requirements of this state for teacher
fitness pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and 44341.
44253.1.  The Legislature finds and declares that almost one
million, or one of every five, pupils in California's public schools
are of limited English proficiency, and that the number of those
pupils is increasing rapidly.  In addition, the number of primary
languages spoken by California's limited-English-proficient pupils is
increasing.  The Legislature recognizes that
limited-English-proficient pupils have the same right to a quality
education as all California pupils.  For these pupils to have access
to quality education, their special needs must be met by teachers who
have essential skills and knowledge related to English language
development, specially designed content instruction delivered in
English, and content instruction delivered in the pupils' primary
languages.  It is the intent of the Legislature that the Commission
on Teacher Credentialing implement an assessment system to certify
those teachers who have the essential skills and knowledge necessary
to meet the needs of California's limited-English-proficient pupils.
44253.2.  For the purposes of this chapter, the following terms
shall have the following meanings, unless the context otherwise
requires:
   (a) "Instruction for English language development" means
instruction designed specifically for limited-English-proficient
pupils to develop their listening, speaking, reading, and writing
skills in English.
   (b) "Specially designed content instruction delivered in English"
means instruction in a subject area, delivered in English, that is
specially designed to meet the needs of limited-English-proficient
pupils.
   (c) "Content instruction delivered in the primary language" means
instruction in a subject area delivered in the primary language of
the pupil.
   (d) "Instruction for primary language development" means
instruction designed to develop a pupil's listening, speaking,
reading, and writing skills in the primary language of the pupil.
   (e) "Culture and cultural diversity" means an understanding of
human relations, including the following:
   (1) The nature and content of culture.
   (2) Cross cultural contact and interactions.
   (3) Cultural diversity in the United States and California.
   (4) Approaches to providing instruction responsive to the
diversity of the student population.
   (5) Recognizing and responding to behavior related to bias based
on race, color, religion, nationality, country of origin, ancestry,
gender, disability, or sexual orientation.
   (6) Techniques for the peaceful resolution of conflict.
44253.3.  (a) The commission shall issue a certificate that
authorizes the holder to provide all of the following services to
limited-English-proficient pupils:
   (1) Instruction for English language development in preschool,
kindergarten, grades 1 to 12, inclusive, and classes organized
primarily for adults, except when the requirement specified in
paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 44253.3 is satisfied by
the possession of a children's center instructional permit pursuant
to Sections 8363 and 44252.7, a children's center supervision permit
pursuant to Section 8363, or a designated subjects teaching
credential in adult education pursuant to Section 44260.2.  If the
requirement specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section
44253.3 is satisfied by the possession of a children's center
instructional permit, or a children's center supervision permit, then
instruction for English language development shall be limited to the
programs authorized by that permit.  If the requirement specified in
paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 44253.3 is satisfied by
the possession of a designated subjects teaching credential in adult
education, then instruction for English language development shall be
limited to classes organized primarily for adults.
   (2) Specially designed content instruction delivered in English in
the subjects and at the levels authorized by the teacher's
prerequisite credential or permit used to satisfy the requirement
specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 44253.3.
   (b) The minimum requirements for the certificate shall include all
of the following:
   (1) Possession of a valid California teaching credential, services
credential, children's center instructional permit, or children's
center supervision permit which credential or permit authorizes the
holder to provide instruction to pupils in preschool, kindergarten,
any of grades 1 to 12, inclusive, or classes primarily organized for
adults, except for the following:
   (A) Emergency credentials or permits.
   (B) Exchange credentials as specified in Section 44333.
   (C) District intern certificates as specified in Section 44325.
   (D) Sojourn certificated employee credentials as specified in
Section 44856.
   (E) Teacher education internship credentials as specified in
Article 3 (commencing with Section 44450) of Chapter 3.
   (2) Passage of one or more examinations that the commission
determines are necessary for demonstrating the knowledge and skills
required for effective delivery of the services authorized by the
certificate.
   (3) Completion of at least six semester units, or nine quarter
units, of coursework in a second language at a regionally accredited
institution of postsecondary education.  The commission shall
establish minimum standards for scholarship in the required
coursework.  The commission shall also establish alternative ways in
which the requirement can be satisfied by language-learning
experience that creates an awareness of the challenges of
second-language acquisition and development.
   (c) Completion of coursework in human relations in accordance with
the commission's standards of program quality and effectiveness that
includes, at minimum instruction in the following:
   (1) The nature and content of culture.
   (2) Cross cultural contact and interactions.
   (3) Cultural diversity in the United States and California.
   (4) Providing instruction responsive to the diversity of the
student population.
   (5) Recognizing and responding to behavior related to bias based
on race, color, religion, nationality, country of origin, ancestry,
gender, disability, or sexual orientation.
   (6) Techniques for the peaceful resolution of conflict.
   (d) The commission shall establish alternative requirements for a
teacher to earn the certificate, which shall be awarded as a
supplementary authorization pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section
44225.
   (e) The certificate shall remain valid as long as the prerequisite
credential or permit specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b)
of Section 44253.3 remains valid.
44253.4.  (a) The commission shall issue a certificate that
authorizes the holder to provide all of the following services to
limited-English-proficient pupils:
   (1) Instruction for English language development in preschool,
kindergarten, grades 1 to 12, inclusive, and classes organized
primarily for adults, except when the requirement specified in
paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of this section is satisfied by the
possession of a children's center instructional permit pursuant to
Sections 8363 and 44252.7, a children's center supervision permit
pursuant to Section 8363, or a designated subjects teaching
credential in adult education pursuant to Section 44260.2.  If the
requirement specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of this
section is satisfied by the possession of a children's center
instructional permit, or a children's center supervision permit, then
instruction for English language development shall be limited to the
programs authorized by that permit.  If the requirement specified in
paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of this section is satisfied by the
possession of a designated subjects teaching credential in adult
education, then instruction for English language development shall be
limited to classes organized primarily for adults.
   (2) Specially designed content instruction delivered in English in
the subjects and at the levels authorized by  the teacher's
prerequisite credential or permit used to satisfy the requirement
specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 44253.4.
   (3) Content instruction delivered in the pupil's primary language
in the subjects and at the levels authorized by the teacher's
prerequisite credential or permit used to satisfy the requirement
specified in paragraph  (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 44253.4.
   (4) Instruction for primary language development in preschool,
kindergarten, grades 1 to 12, inclusive, and classes organized
primarily for adults, except when the requirement specified in
paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 44253.4 is satisfied by
the possession of a children's center instructional permit, a
children's center supervision permit, or a designated subjects
teaching credential in adult education.  If the requirement specified
in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 44253.4 is satisfied
by the possession of a children's center instructional permit or a
children's center supervision permit, then instruction for primary
language development is limited to the programs authorized by that
permit.  If the requirement specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision
(b) of Section 44253.4 is satisfied by the possession of a
designated subjects teaching credential in adult education, then
instruction for primary language development is limited to classes
organized primarily for adults.
   (b) The minimum requirements for the certificate shall include all
of the following:
   (1) Possession of a valid California teaching credential, services
credential, children's center instructional permit, or children's
center supervision permit which credential or permit authorizes the
holder to provide instruction to pupils in preschool, kindergarten,
any of grades 1 to 12, inclusive, or classes primarily organized for
adults, except for the following:
   (A) Emergency credentials or permits.
   (B) Exchange credentials as specified in Section 44333.
   (C) District intern certificates as specified in Section 44325.
   (D) Sojourn certificated employee credentials as specified in
Section 44856.
   (E) Teacher education internship credentials as specified in
Article 3 (commencing with Section 44450) of Chapter 3.
   (2) Passage of one or more examinations that the commission
determines are necessary for demonstrating the knowledge and skills
required for effective delivery of the services authorized by the
certificate.
   (c) To earn the certificate, teachers who hold the certificate
described in Section 44253.3, or in Article 3.5 (commencing with
Section 44475) of Chapter 3, as that section and that article existed
on December 31, 1992, shall not be required to pass examinations
that primarily assess the skills and knowledge necessary for
effective delivery of the services authorized by the certificates
they possess.
   (d) The certificate shall remain valid as long as the prerequisite
credential or permit specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b)
of Section 44253.4 remains valid.
   (e) The commission shall initially issue certificates for
languages spoken by the largest numbers of limited-English-proficient
pupils for which there are reasonable numbers of teachers or
potential teachers who speak those languages.   The commission shall
explore alternative ways to make certificates available for other
languages.
44253.5.  (a) The commission shall develop and administer
examinations on which a teacher can demonstrate his or her competence
in the knowledge and skills necessary for effective teaching of
limited-English-proficient pupils.  For the purpose of demonstrating
the competencies specified in paragraphs (5) and (6) of subdivision
(c) in languages for which the commission has developed no
examinations, the commission may establish guidelines for approving
assessments performed by organizations that are expert in the
language and culture assessed.
   (b) To the extent possible, the scope and content of the
examinations shall be congruent with the scope and content of the
commission-approved professional preparation programs for prospective
teachers of limited-English-proficient pupils.
   (c) The scope and content of the examinations shall consist of the
professional skills and knowledge that are determined by the
commission to be necessary for effective teaching of
limited-English-proficient pupils, and shall include, but need not be
limited to, the following domains of professional knowledge and
skill:
   (1) First- and second-language development and the structure of
language.
   (2) Methodology of English language development and specially
designed content instruction in English.
   (3) Culture and cultural diversity.
   (4) Methodology of content instruction in the pupil's primary
language.
   (5) The culture associated with a specific language group.
   (6) Competence in a language other than English that is spoken by
limited-English-proficient pupils in California.
   (d) In the development of the examinations, the commission shall
confer with selected professionals who are knowledgeable and
experienced in the education of limited-English-proficient pupils,
with colleges and universities that prepare teachers for
limited-English-proficient pupils, and with the State Department of
Education.
44253.6.  (a) Until the commission begins the administration of
Section 44253.5, as added by Chapter 1050 of the Statutes of 1992,
the commission shall continue to administer Sections 44253.5 and
44253.6 and Article 3.5 (commencing with Section 44475) of Chapter 3,
as those sections and that article existed on December 31, 1992.
   (b) A teacher who earned a passing score on a part of the
examination for the bilingual cross-cultural certificate that was
administered by the commission pursuant to Sections 44253.5 and
44253.6 as those sections existed on December 31, 1992, shall not be
required by the commission, as a requirement for earning the
certificate described in Section 44253.3 or 44253.4, to take a
duplicate examination within nine years of the date when the teacher
earned the passing score.
   (c) A teacher who has passed both sections of the examination for
the language development specialist certificate of competence that
was administered by the commission pursuant to Article 3.5
(commencing with Section 44475) of Chapter 3 as that article existed
on December 31, 1992, shall have five years from the date of his or
her earliest passing score to complete the other requirements and
apply for the language development specialist certificate of
competence.
   (d) After the commission begins to administer the examinations
required by Section 44253.5, the commission shall continue to
administer, until June 30, 1995, the examination for the language
development specialist certificate administered pursuant to Article
3.5 (commencing with Section 44475) of Chapter 3 as that article
existed on December 31, 1992, solely to those individuals who, on or
after June 30, 1992, were enrolled in language development specialist
programs approved by the commission pursuant to that article.
   (e) Certificates of bilingual cross-cultural competence issued by
the commission pursuant to Sections 44253.5 and 44253.6 as those
sections existed on December 31, 1992, and certificates of competence
as language development specialist issued by the commission pursuant
to Article 3.5 (commencing with Section 44475) of Chapter 3 as it
existed on December 31, 1992, shall remain valid as long as the
holder's prerequisite teaching credential for those certificates as
specified in Sections 44253.5 and 44253.6 and Article 3.5 (commencing
with Section 44475) of Chapter 3 remain valid.
44253.7.  (a) In addition to the certificates authorized in Sections
44253.5 and 56362.7, the Commission on Teacher Credentialing, based
upon the availability of funds, shall develop objective and
verifiable standards for a certificate of bilingual-crosscultural
competence for holders of any appropriate credential, certificate,
authorization, or permit who will be serving
limited-English-proficient pupils.  These certificates may be issued
to persons holding any appropriate credential or authorization issued
by the commission, including, but not limited to, counselors;
special education professionals, including, but not limited to, the
holders of special education credentials, clinical services
credentials, and school psychologist authorizations; and child
development and preschool professionals.
   (b) Candidates for the certificate shall, by oral and written
examination, demonstrate all of the following:
   (1) That the person is competent in both the oral and written
skills of a language other than English.
   (2) That the person is competent in both the oral and written
skills in the English language.  A passing score on the reading and
writing portions of the basic skills proficiency test administered
pursuant to Section 44252.5 or pursuant to paragraph (1) of
subdivision (b) of Section 44830 shall satisfy the written skills
portion of this requirement.
   (3) That the person has both the knowledge and understanding of
the cultural and historical heritage of the
limited-English-proficient individuals to be served.
   (4) That the person has the ability to perform the services the
candidate is certified or authorized to perform in English and in a
language other than English.
   (c) The commission may develop rules and regulations setting forth
objective and verifiable standards for approval of training programs
leading to the certificates authorized by this section.
   (d) For the purpose of assessing the qualifications established by
the Commission on Teacher Credentialing in accordance with this
section, the commission shall develop rules, regulations, or
guidelines establishing an assessment system which may include local
education agencies, institutions of higher education, and qualified
nonprofit bilingual testing agencies as assessor agencies.
   (e)  It is not the intent of the Legislature in enacting this
section that possession of any certificate established by this
section be a state-mandated requirement for employment.  It is the
intent that this is a matter for local educational agencies to
determine.
44253.8.  (a) For the examinations required by Sections 44253.5 and
44253.7, the commission shall charge examination fees that are
sufficient to recover the costs of developing and administering the
examinations, including the costs of periodic studies of the
examinations, except to the extent that these costs are recovered by
appropriations from another source of funds.
   (b) In addition to the fees collected pursuant to subdivision (a),
within the limits set forth in this chapter, the commission may
establish and collect fees to recover its costs for the
administration of any assessment of teaching competence adopted by
the commission to implement the provisions of this chapter, unless
the costs are recovered by appropriations from another source of
funds.
44253.9.  The commission shall promulgate regulations to clarify and
make specific the requirements and authorizations of credentials,
certificates, and permits established pursuant to this article.
44253.10.  (a) A teacher with a basic teaching credential may be
assigned to provide specially designed content instruction delivered
in English, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 44253.2, to
limited-English-proficient pupils only if the following conditions
are met:
   (1) The teacher, as of January 1, 1999, is a permanent employee of
a  school district, a county office of education, or a school
administered under the authority of the Superintendent of Public
Instruction, or was previously a permanent employee and then was
employed in any California public school district within 39 months of
the previous permanent status, or has been employed in a school
district with an average daily attendance of not more than 250 for at
least two years.
   (2) The teacher completes 45 clock hours of staff development in
methods of specially designed content instruction delivered in
English prior to January 1,  2008.  The extension of the date by
which a teacher is required to complete this staff development may
not be construed as authorizing teachers to teach
limited-English-proficient pupils without a certificate issued
pursuant to this section or Sections 44253.3 and 44253.4.
   (b) The commission, in consultation with the Superintendent of
Public Instruction, shall establish guidelines for the provision of
staff development pursuant to this section.  The commission and the
superintendent shall use their best efforts to establish these
guidelines as soon as possible, but in no event later than January 1,
1996.  Staff development pursuant to this section shall be
consistent with the commission's guidelines.
   (1) To ensure the highest standards of program quality and
effectiveness, the guidelines shall include quality standards for the
persons who train others to perform staff development training and
for those who provide the training.  The guidelines may require that
teachers who qualify to provide instruction pursuant to paragraph (1)
of subdivision (d) include a portion, within the total 45 clock
hours of training provided in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), in
English language development.
   (2) The guidelines for training to meet the requirements of
paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) may provide for 20 hours, or fewer
hours as the commission may specify, of training in any aspect of
English language development or specially designed content
instruction delivered in English.
   (3) The guidelines shall require that the staff development
offered pursuant to this section be aligned to the teacher
preparation leading to the issuance of a certificate pursuant to
Section 44253.3 and any amendments made to that section.  This
alignment, however, may not result in any increase in the number of
hours of staff development necessary to meet the requirements of this
section.
   (4) The guidelines and standards established by the commission to
implement this section shall require and maintain compliance with any
requirements mandated by federal law for purposes of assuring
continued federal financial assistance.
   (5) The commission shall review staff development programs in
relation to the guidelines and standards established pursuant to this
section.  The review shall include all programs offered pursuant to
this section except programs previously approved pursuant to
subdivision (c).  If the commission finds that a program meets the
applicable guidelines and standards, the commission shall forward a
report of its findings to the chief executive officer of the
sponsoring school district, county office of education, or regionally
accredited college or university.  If the commission finds that a
program does not meet the applicable guidelines or standards, or
both, the report of the commission shall specify the areas of
noncompliance and the time period in which a second review shall
occur.  If a second review of a program by the commission reveals a
pattern of continued noncompliance with the applicable guidelines or
standards, or both, the sponsoring agency shall not offer the program
to teachers who have not already enrolled in it.  The effective date
for California Commission on Teacher Credentialing approval of staff
development programs not currently approved as of January 1, 2000,
shall be on or before January 1, 2002, except for persons already
enrolled in programs by January 1, 2002.
   (6) By December 4, 2007, the commission shall report to the
Legislature on the status of the 45-hour and the 90-hour alternative
programs, including the strengths and weaknesses of the process and
programs.  In preparing the report, the commission shall include a
summary of its review pursuant to paragraph (5) of the staff
development programs.
   (c) The staff development may be sponsored by any school district,
county office of education, or regionally accredited college or
university that meets the standards included in the guidelines
established pursuant to this subdivision or any organization that
meets those standards and is approved by the commission.  Any
equivalent three semester unit or four quarter unit class may be
taken by the teacher at a regionally accredited college or university
to satisfy the staff development requirement described in either
subdivision (a) or (d), or both.  Once the commission has made a
determination that a college or university class is equivalent, no
further review of the class shall be required pursuant to paragraph
(5) of subdivision (b), regardless of the date of the initial review.
   (d) (1) A teacher who completes the staff development described in
subdivision (a) shall be awarded a certificate of completion of
staff development in methods of specially designed content
instruction delivered in English.
   (2) A teacher who completes the staff development described in
subdivision (a) may provide specially designed content instruction
delivered in English, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section
44253.2, and instruction for English language development, as defined
in subdivision (a) of Section 44253.2, in any departmentalized
teaching assignment consistent with the authorization of the teacher'
s basic credential.  This authorization also applies to teachers who
completed the required staff development before the effective date of
the amendments made to this section by the act adding this
authorization.
   (3) A teacher who completes the staff development described in
subdivision (a) may not be assigned to provide content instruction
delivered in the pupil's primary language, as defined in subdivision
(c) of Section 44253.2.
   (4) A teacher who completes the staff development described in
subdivision (a) may be assigned to provide instruction for English
language development, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section
44253.2, in a self-contained classroom under either of the following
circumstances:
   (A) The teacher has taught for at least nine years in California
public schools, certifies that he or she has had experience or
training in teaching limited-English-proficient pupils, and
authorizes verification by the entity that issues the certificate of
completion.  The teacher shall be awarded a certificate of completion
in methods of instruction for English language development in a
self-contained classroom.
   (B) The teacher has taught for less than nine years in California
public schools, or has taught for at least nine years in California
public schools but is unable to certify that he or she has had
experience or training in teaching limited-English-proficient pupils,
but has, within three years of completing the staff development
described in subdivision (a), completed an additional 45 hours of
staff development, including specially designed content instruction
delivered in English and English language development training, as
set forth in the guidelines developed pursuant to subdivision (b).
Upon completion of this additional staff development, the teacher
shall be awarded a certificate of completion in methods of
instruction for English language development in a self-contained
classroom.
   (e) During the period in which a teacher is pursuing the training
specified in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) or subdivision (d), or
both, including the period for the assessment and awarding of the
certificate, the teacher may be provisionally assigned to provide
instruction for English language development, as defined in
subdivision (a) of Section 44253.2, or to provide specially designed
content instruction delivered in English, as defined in subdivision
(b) of Section 44253.2.
   (f) (1) A teacher who completes the staff development with any
provider specified in subdivision (c), and who meets the requirements
of subdivision (a) or (d) for a certificate of completion of staff
development in methods of specially designed content instruction
delivered in English or English language development in a
self-contained classroom, or both, shall be issued the certificate or
certificates.
   (2) A teacher who completes a staff development program in methods
of specially designed content instruction delivered in English or
English language development in a self-contained classroom, or both,
who has been determined by the commission to meet the applicable
guidelines and standards, pursuant to paragraph (5) of subdivision
(b), shall receive a certificate or certificates of completion from
the commission upon submitting an application, a staff development
verification form to be furnished by the commission, and payment of a
fee to be set by the commission, not to exceed forty-five dollars
($45).
   (3) A person who is enrolled in, or who has completed a staff
development program not approved by the commission prior to January
1, 2002, may, until the date of January 1, 2003, apply to any of the
following agencies for the certificate or certificates, but the
teacher shall be issued the certificate or certificates by only one
of these agencies:
   (A) The school district in which the teacher is a permanent
employee.
   (B) The county office of education in the county in which the
teacher is an employee for an agency specified in paragraph (1) of
subdivision (a).
   (C) Any school district or county office of education that
provides staff development pursuant to subdivision (c).  Before
issuing a certificate or certificates based on an equivalent class or
classes, as provided for in subdivision (c), the issuing agency
shall determine if the class or classes meet the guidelines
established pursuant to subdivision (b).
   (4) Any school district or county office of education that issues
a certificate of completion shall forward a copy of the certificate
to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing within 90 days of issuing
the certificate.
   (5) An agency that issues a certificate or certificates of
completion may charge the teacher requesting the certificate or
certificates of completion a fee that will cover the actual costs of
the agency in issuing, forwarding a copy to the commission, and
paying any fee charged by the commission for receiving and servicing,
the certificate or certificates of completion.
   The commission may charge the agency that forwards a copy of a
certificate or certificates of completion a one-time fee to cover the
actual costs to the commission to file the copy or copies, and to
issue duplicates when requested by the teacher.  The fee shall not
exceed an amount equal to one-half the fee the commission charges for
issuing a credential.
   (g) The certificate of completion is valid in all California
public schools.  A teacher who has been issued a certificate of
completion may be assigned indefinitely to provide the instructional
services named on the certificate in any school district, county
office of education, or school administered under the authority of
the Superintendent of Public Instruction.
   (h) Teacher assignments made in accordance with subdivision (a) of
this section shall be included in the reports required by
subdivisions (a) and (e) of Section 44258.9.
   (i) The governing board of each school district shall make
reasonable efforts to provide limited-English-proficient pupils in
need of English language development instruction with teachers who
hold appropriate credentials, language development specialist
certificates, or cross-cultural language and academic development
certificates that authorize English language development instruction.
  However, any teacher awarded a certificate or certificates of
completion shall be deemed certificated and competent to provide the
services listed on that certificate of completion.  A teacher who
completes staff development pursuant to this section may use those
hours of staff development to meet the requirements of subdivision
(b) of Section 44277.
   (j) Any teacher completing staff development pursuant to this
section shall be credited with three semester units or four quarter
units for each block of 45 hours of staff development completed for
the purpose of meeting the requirements set forth in subdivision (b)
of Section 44253.3.
   (k) Any school district may use funds allocated to it for the
purposes of Chapter 3.1 (commencing with Section 44681) to provide
staff development pursuant to this section.
44254.  (a) The commission shall establish standards for a
restricted reading certificate to enable holders of a teaching
credential to provide the early development of reading and language
arts skills and the early correction of a pupil's reading
difficulties.
   (b) (1) The standards and qualifications for the restricted
reading certificate shall include demonstrated knowledge of both of
the following:
   (A) Current and confirmed research in teaching basic reading
skills that train the candidate for the restricted reading
certificate in ongoing, diagnostic techniques that inform teaching
and assessment.
   (B) Teaching techniques for basic reading skills that include
direct instruction in phonemic awareness, systematic, explicit
phonics, and comprehension skills.
   (2) The candidate shall also demonstrate knowledge of early
intervention techniques, and shall receive guided practice with all
of the aforementioned skills within a clinical setting.  For the
purposes of this section, "direct, systematic, explicit phonics"
means spelling patterns, direct instruction in the relationships
among sounds and symbols, and practice in connected, decodable text.
   (c) The commission shall be authorized to issue a restricted
reading certificate to holders of a teaching credential who meet the
commission's standards.
44254.  (a) The commission shall establish standards for a
restricted reading certificate to enable holders of a teaching
credential to provide the early and continuing development of reading
and language arts skills and the earliest possible correction of a
pupil's reading difficulties.
   (b) The standards and qualifications for the restricted reading
certificate shall include, but not be limited to, demonstrated
knowledge of the following:
   (1) Current and confirmed research in the teaching of basic
reading skills, including research in ongoing, diagnostic techniques
that inform teaching and assessment.
   (2) Techniques for teaching basic reading skills that include
direct instruction in phonemic awareness, direct systematic, explicit
phonics, and comprehension skills.
   (3) Early intervention techniques.
   (c) A candidate for a restricted reading certificate shall
receive, within a clinical setting, guided practice in all of the
skills described in subdivision (b).
   (d) The commission may issue a restricted reading certificate to a
holder of a teaching credential who meets the commission's
standards.
   (e) For purposes of this section, "direct systematic, explicit
phonics" means spelling patterns, the direct instruction of sound and
symbol relationships, and practice in reading connected, decodable
text.
44256.  Authorization for teaching credentials shall be of four
basic kinds, as defined below:
   (a) "Single subject instruction" means the practice of assignment
of teachers and students to specified subject matter courses, as is
commonly practiced in California high schools and most California
junior high schools.  The holder of a single subject teaching
credential or a standard secondary credential or a special secondary
teaching credential, as defined in this subdivision, who has
completed 20 semester hours of coursework or 10 semester hours of
upper division or graduate coursework approved by the commission at
an accredited institution in any subject commonly taught in grades 7
to 12, inclusive, other than the subject for which he or she is
already certificated to teach, shall be eligible to have this subject
appear on the credential as an authorization to teach this subject.
The commission, by regulation, may require that evidence of
additional competence is a condition for instruction in particular
subjects, including, but not limited to, foreign languages.  The
commission may establish and implement alternative requirements for
additional authorizations to the single subject credential on the
basis of specialized needs.  For purposes of this subdivision, a
special secondary teaching credential means a special secondary
teaching credential issued on the basis of at least a baccalaureate
degree, a student teaching requirement, and 24 semester units of
coursework in the subject specialty of the credential.
   (b) "Multiple subject instruction" means the practice of
assignment of teachers and students for multiple subject matter
instruction, as is commonly practiced in California elementary
schools and as is commonly practiced in early childhood education.
   The holder of a multiple subject teaching credential or a standard
elementary credential who has completed 20 semester hours of
coursework or 10 semester hours of upper division or graduate
coursework approved by the commission at an accredited institution in
any subject commonly taught in grades 9 and below shall be eligible
to have that subject appear on the credential as authorization to
teach the subject in departmentalized classes in grades 9 and below.
The governing board of a school district by resolution may authorize
the holder of a multiple subject teaching credential or a standard
elementary credential to teach any subject in departmentalized
classes to a given class or group of students below grade 9, provided
that the teacher has completed at least 12 semester units, or six
upper division or graduate units, of coursework at an accredited
institution in each subject to be taught.  The authorization shall be
with the teacher's consent.  However, the commission, by regulation,
may provide that evidence of additional competence is necessary for
instruction in particular subjects, including, but not limited to,
foreign languages.  The commission may establish and implement
alternative requirements for additional authorizations to the
multiple subject credential on the basis of specialized needs.
   (c) "Specialist instruction" means any specialty requiring
advanced preparation or special competence including, but not limited
to, reading specialist, mathematics specialist, specialist in
special education, or early childhood education, and such other
specialties as the commission may determine.
   (d) "Designated subjects" means the practice of assignment of
teachers and students to designated technical, trade, or vocational
courses which courses may be part of a program of trade, technical,
or vocational education.
44257.  (a) The commission shall issue single subject teaching
credentials only in the following subjects:
   (1) Agriculture.
   (2) Art.
   (3) Business.
   (4) English.
   (5) Foreign Language.
   (6) Health Science.
   (7) Home Economics.
   (8) Industrial and Technology Education.
   (9) Mathematics.
   (10) Music.
   (11) Physical Education.
   (12) Science.
   (13) Social Science.
   (b) The commission shall issue the single subject credential in
foreign language with an authorization to teach Chinese, French,
German, Russian, Spanish, or any other language that the commission
determines is appropriate.
   (c) Subjects that are commonly taught in departmentalized classes
in California public schools shall be subsumed under the credential
categories in subdivision (a) of this section.
   (d) The commission shall issue single subject teaching credentials
in the categories that were identified in Section 44282 as of
December 31, 1993, to applicants who were in the process of preparing
to earn those credentials prior to the effective date of the
commission's implementation of subdivision (a).
44257.2.  (a) In order to ensure excellence in teaching in specific
subjects, the commission may issue a multiple or single subject
teaching credential with a specified concentration in a particular
subject based upon the depth of an applicant's preparation in an
important subject of the school curriculum.  The commission shall
establish and maintain standards for concentrations in particular
subjects, as necessary.
   (b) The commission shall determine the authorizations of teaching
credentials with concentrations.  The commission shall ensure that
with the exception of the single subject credential specified in
subdivision (c) of this section, the authorization of a credential
with a specified concentration shall not be more restrictive than the
authorization of the same credential without the specified
concentration.
   (c) The commission shall issue the single subject teaching
credential in science with a specified concentration in a particular
subject.  The commission shall establish and maintain standards for
concentrations in science that shall consist of biological sciences,
chemistry, geosciences, and physics.  The holder of the single
subject teaching credential in science shall be qualified and
authorized to teach courses in general science, introductory science,
integrated science, and coordinated science in kindergarten and
grades 1 to 12, inclusive.
44257.4.  The commission shall periodically review and assess the
adequacy and relevance of the subjects of teaching credentials set
forth in Section 44257, and shall report its findings and
recommendations to the Legislature.
44258.  A teacher who is authorized for single subject instruction
may be assigned, with his consent, to teach any subject in his
authorized fields at any grade level; preschool; kindergarten and
grades 1 to 12, inclusive; or in classes organized primarily for
adults, and similarly, a teacher authorized for multiple subject
instruction may be assigned, with his consent, to teach in any
self-contained classroom; preschool; kindergarten and grades 1 to 12,
inclusive; or in classes organized primarily for adults; and
similarly, a teacher authorized as a specialist teacher may be
assigned, with his consent, to teach in his area of specialization at
any grade level; preschool; kindergarten and grades 1 to 12,
inclusive; or in classes organized primarily for adults.
44258.1.  The holder of a credential authorizing instruction in a
self-contained classroom may teach in any of grades 5 to 8,
inclusive, in a middle school, provided that he or she teaches two or
more subjects for two or more periods per day to the same group of
pupils, and, in addition, may teach any of the subjects he or she
already is teaching to a separate group of pupils at the same grade
level as those pupils he or she already is teaching for an additional
period or periods, provided that the additional period or periods do
not exceed one-half of the teacher's total assignment.
44258.15.  Notwithstanding Section 44258.1, the holder of a
credential authorizing instruction in a self-contained classroom may
provide instruction in a team teaching setting or may regroup pupils
across classrooms in subjects authorized by the governing board of
the school district.
44258.2.  The holder of a single subject teaching credential or a
standard secondary teaching credential may, with his or her consent,
be assigned by action of the governing board to teach classes in
grades 5 to 8, inclusive, in a middle school, if he or she has a
minimum of 12 semester units, or six upper division or graduate
units, of coursework at an accredited institution in the subject to
which he or she is assigned.
44258.3.  (a) The governing board of a school district may assign
the holder of a credential , other than an emergency permit, to teach
any subjects in departmentalized classes in kindergarten or any of
grades 1 to  12, inclusive, provided that the governing board
verifies, prior to making the assignment, that the teacher has
adequate knowledge of each subject to be taught and the teacher
consents to that assignment.  The governing board shall adopt
policies and procedures for the purpose of verifying the adequacy of
subject knowledge on the part of each of those teachers.  The
governing board shall involve subject matter specialists in the
subjects commonly taught in the district in the development and
implementation of the policies and procedures, and shall include in
those policies and procedures both of the following:
   (1) One or more of the following ways to assess subject matter
competence:
   (A) Observation by subject matter specialists, as defined in
subdivision (d).
   (B) Oral interviews.
   (C) Demonstration lessons.
   (D) Presentation of curricular portfolios.
   (E) Written examinations.
   (2) Specific criteria and standards for verifying adequacy of
subject matter knowledge using any of the methods in paragraph (1) .
The criteria shall include, but need not be limited to, evidence of
the candidate's knowledge of the subject matter to be taught,
including demonstrated knowledge of the curriculum framework for the
subject to be taught and the specific content of the course of study
in the school district for the subject, at the grade level to be
taught.
   (b) Teaching assignments made pursuant to this section shall be
valid only in that school district.  The principal of the school, or
other appropriate administrator, shall notify the exclusive
representative of the certificated employees for that school
district, as provided under Chapter 10.7 (commencing with Section
3540) of Division 4 of Title 1 of the Government Code, of each
instance in which a teacher is assigned to teach classes pursuant to
this section.  Any school district policy or procedures adopted and
teaching assignments made pursuant to this section shall be included
in the report required by subdivisions (a) and (e) of Section
44258.9.  The Commission on Teacher Credentialing may suspend the
authority of a school district to use the teaching assignment option
authorized by this section upon a finding that the school district
has violated the provisions of this section.
   (c)  Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the
effect of Section 44955 with regard to the reduction by a school
district governing board of the number of certificated employees.
   (d) For the purposes of this section, "subject matter specialists"
are mentor teachers, curriculum specialists, resource teachers,
classroom teachers certified to teach a subject, staff to regional
subject matter projects or curriculum institutes, or college faculty.
44258.7.  (a) The holder of a standard secondary credential who,
prior to September 1, 1989, has taught successfully in a subject
within the department of his or her academic major or minor for a
minimum of three years, as verified by the employing school district,
may receive a supplementary authorization in that subject upon
application, payment of a fee, which shall not exceed one-half of the
regular credential fee,  and evidence that one of the following has
been accomplished:
   (1) Successful completion, by September 1, 1989, of a minimum of
12 semester units, or six upper division or graduate units, of
coursework at an accredited institution in the subject.
   (2) The securing of a passing score on an examination in the
subject approved by the Commission on Teacher Credentialing.
   (3) Verification of competence in the subject matter by a subject
area specialist not associated with the employing school district.
   (b) A person who holds a teaching credential in a subject or
subjects other than physical education may be authorized by action of
the local governing board to coach one period per day in a
competitive sport for which students receive physical education
credit, provided that he or she is a full-time employee of the school
district and has completed a minimum of 20 hours of first aid
instruction appropriate for the specific sport.
   (c) A teacher employed on a full-time basis who teaches
kindergarten or any of grades 1 to 12, inclusive, and who has special
skills and preparation outside of his or her credential
authorization may, with his or her consent, be assigned to teach an
elective course in the area of the special skills or preparation ,
provided that the assignment is first approved by a committee on
assignments.  For purposes of this subdivision an "elective course"
is a course other than English, mathematics, science, or social
studies.  The membership of the committee on assignments shall
include an equal number of teachers, selected by teachers, and school
administrators, selected by school administrators.
   (d) Assignments approved by the committee on assignments shall be
for a maximum of one school year, but may be extended by action of
the committee upon application by the schoolsite administrator and
the affected teacher.  All initial assignments or extensions shall be
approved prior to the assignment or extension.  Districts making
assignments under this subdivision shall submit a plan to the county
superintendent of schools which shall include, but need not be
limited to, the following:
   (1) Statements signed by the district superintendent and the
president or chairperson of the district governing board, approving
the establishment of the committee.
   (2) Procedures for selection of the committee membership.
   (3) Terms of office for committee members.
   (4) Criteria for determining teachers' qualifications for these
assignments.
   (e) The Commission on Teacher Credentialing may develop and
recommend general criteria that may be used by local committees on
assignment in assessing a candidate's qualifications.
44258.9.  (a) The Legislature finds that continued monitoring of
teacher assignments by county superintendents of schools will ensure
that the rate of teacher misassignment remains low. To the extent
possible and with funds provided for that purpose, each county
superintendent of schools shall perform the duties specified in
subdivisions (b) and (c).
   (b) (1) Each county superintendent of schools shall monitor and
review school district certificated employee assignment practices in
accordance with the following:
   (A) Annually monitor and review schools and school districts that
are likely to have problems with teacher misassignments and teacher
vacancies, as defined in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (5)
of subdivision (b) of Section 33126, based on past experience or
other available information.
   (B) Annually monitor and review schools ranked in deciles 1 to 3,
inclusive, of the 2003 base Academic Performance Index, as defined in
subdivision (b) of Section 17592.70, if those schools are not
currently under review through a state or federal intervention
program. If a review completed pursuant to this subparagraph finds
that a school has no teacher misassignments or teacher vacancies for
two consecutive years, the next review of that school may be
conducted according to the cycle specified in subparagraph (C),
unless the school meets the criteria of subparagraph (A).
   (C) All other schools on a four-year cycle.
   (2) Each county superintendent of schools shall investigate school
and district efforts to ensure that any credentialed teacher serving
in an assignment requiring a certificate issued pursuant to Section
44253.3, 44253.4, or 44253.7 or training pursuant to Section 44253.10
completes the necessary requirements for these certificates or
completes the required training.
   (3) The Commission on Teacher Credentialing shall be responsible
for the monitoring and review of those counties or cities and
counties in which there is a single school district, including the
Counties of Alpine, Amador, Del Norte, Mariposa, Plumas, and Sierra,
and the City and County of San Francisco. All information related to
the misassignment of certificated personnel and teacher vacancies
shall be submitted to each affected district within 30 calendar days
of the monitoring activity.
   (c) County superintendents of schools shall submit an annual
report to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing and the department
summarizing the results of all assignment monitoring and reviews.
These reports shall include, but need not be limited to, the
following:
   (1) The numbers of teachers assigned and types of assignments made
by the governing board of a school district under the authority of
Sections 44256, 44258.2, and 44263.
   (2) Information on actions taken by local committees on
assignment, including the number of assignments authorized, subject
areas into which committee-authorized teachers are assigned, and
evidence of any departures from the implementation plans presented to
the county superintendent by school districts.
   (3) Information on each school district reviewed regarding
misassignments of certificated personnel, including efforts to
eliminate these misassignments.
   (4) (A) Information on certificated employee assignment practices
in schools ranked in deciles 1 to 3, inclusive, of the 2003 base
Academic Performance Index, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section
17592.70, to ensure that, at a minimum, in any class in these schools
in which 20 percent or more pupils are English learners the assigned
teacher possesses a certificate issued pursuant to Section 44253.3
or 44253.4 or has completed training pursuant to Section 44253.10 or
is otherwise authorized by statute.
   (B) This paragraph shall not relieve a school district from
compliance with state and federal law regarding teachers of English
learners or be construed to alter the definition of "misassignment"
in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (b) of Section
33126.
   (5) After consultation with representatives of county
superintendents of schools, other information as may be determined to
be needed by the Commission on Teacher Credentialing.
   (d) The Commission on Teacher Credentialing shall submit biennial
reports to the Legislature concerning teacher assignments and
misassignments which shall be based, in part, on the annual reports
of the county superintendents of schools.
   (e) (1) The Commission on Teacher Credentialing shall establish
reasonable sanctions for the misassignment of credentialholders.
   Prior to the implementation of regulations establishing sanctions,
the Commission on Teacher Credentialing shall engage in a variety of
activities designed to inform school administrators, teachers, and
personnel within the offices of county superintendents of schools of
the regulations and statutes affecting the assignment of certificated
personnel. These activities shall include the preparation of
instructive brochures and the holding of regional workshops.
   (2) Commencing July 1, 1989, any certificated person who is
required by an administrative superior to accept an assignment for
which he or she has no legal authorization shall, after exhausting
any existing local remedies, notify the county superintendent of
schools in writing of the illegal assignment. The county
superintendent of schools shall, within 15 working days, advise the
affected certificated person concerning the legality of his or her
assignment. There shall be no adverse action taken against a
certificated person who files a notification of misassignment with
the county superintendent of schools. During the period of the
misassignment, the certificated person who files a written
notification with the county superintendent of schools shall be
exempt from the provisions of Section 45034. If it is determined that
a misassignment has taken place, any performance evaluation of the
employee under Sections 44660 to 44664, inclusive, in any misassigned
subject shall be nullified.
   (3) The county superintendent of schools shall notify, through the
office of the school district superintendent, any certificated
school administrator responsible for the assignment of a certificated
person to a position for which he or she has no legal authorization
of the misassignment and shall advise him or her to correct the
assignment within 30 calendar days. The county superintendent of
schools shall notify the Commission on Teacher Credentialing of the
misassignment if the certificated school administrator has not
corrected the misassignment within 30 days of the initial
notification, or if the certificated school administrator has not
described, in writing, within the 30-day period, to the county
superintendent of schools the extraordinary circumstances which make
this correction impossible.
   (4) The county superintendent of schools shall notify any
superintendent of a school district in which 5 percent or more of all
certificated teachers in the secondary schools are found to be
misassigned of the misassignments and shall advise him or her to
correct the misassignments within 120 calendar days. The county
superintendent of schools shall notify the Commission on Teacher
Credentialing of the misassignments if the school district
superintendent has not corrected the misassignments within 120 days
of the initial notification, or if the school district superintendent
of schools has not described, in writing, within the 120-day period,
to the county superintendent of schools the extraordinary
circumstances which make this correction impossible.
   (f) An applicant for a professional administrative service
credential shall be required to demonstrate knowledge of existing
credentialing laws, including knowledge of assignment authorizations.
   (g) The Superintendent shall submit a summary of the reports
submitted by county superintendents pursuant to subdivision (c) to
the Legislature. The Legislature may hold, within a reasonable period
after receipt of the summary, public hearings on pupil access to
teachers and to related statutory provisions. The Legislature may
also assign one or more of the standing committees or a joint
committee, to determine the following:
   (1) The effectiveness of the reviews required pursuant to this
section.
   (2) The extent, if any, of vacancies and misassignments, as
defined in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (5) of subdivision
(b) of Section 33126.
   (3) The need, if any, to assist schools ranked in deciles 1 to 3,
inclusive, of the 2003 base Academic Performance Index, as defined in
subdivision (b) of Section 17592.70, to eliminate vacancies and
misassignments.
44259.  (a) Except as provided in subparagraphs (A) and (C) of
paragraph (3) of subdivision (b), each program of professional
preparation for multiple or single subject teaching credentials shall
not include more than one year of, or the equivalent of one-fifth of
a five-year program in, professional preparation.
   (b) The minimum requirements for the preliminary multiple or
single subject teaching credential are all of the following:
   (1) A baccalaureate degree or higher degree from a regionally
accredited institution of postsecondary education.  Except as
provided in subdivision (c) of Section 44227, the baccalaureate
degree shall not be in professional education.  The commission shall
encourage accredited institutions to offer undergraduate minors in
education and special education to students who intend to become
teachers.
   (2) Passage of the state basic skills examination that is
developed and administered by the commission pursuant to Section
44252.5.
   (3) Satisfactory completion of a program of professional
preparation that has been accredited by the committee on
accreditation on the basis of standards of program quality and
effectiveness that have been adopted by the commission.  Subject to
the availability of funds in the annual Budget Act for this purpose,
and in accordance with the commission's assessment and performance
standards, each program shall include a teaching performance
assessment as set forth in Section 44320.2 which is aligned with the
California Standards for the Teaching Profession.  The commission
shall ensure that each candidate recommended for a credential or
certificate has demonstrated satisfactory ability to assist pupils to
meet or exceed state content and performance standards for pupils
adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 60605.  Programs that
meet this requirement for professional preparation shall include any
of the following:
   (A) Integrated programs of subject matter preparation and
professional preparation pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section
44259.1.
   (B) Postbaccalaureate programs of professional preparation,
pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 44259.1.
   (C) Internship programs of professional preparation, pursuant to
Section 44321, Article 7.5 (commencing with Section 44325), Article
11 (commencing with Section 44380), and Article 3 (commencing with
Section 44450) of Chapter 3.
   (4) Study of alternative methods of developing English language
skills, including the study of reading as described in subparagraphs
(A) and (B), among all pupils, including those for whom English is a
second language, in accordance with the commission's standards of
program quality and effectiveness.  The study of reading shall meet
the following requirements:
   (A) Commencing January 1, 1997, satisfactory completion of
comprehensive reading instruction that is research-based and includes
all of the following:
   (i) The study of organized, systematic, explicit skills including
phonemic awareness, direct, systematic, explicit phonics, and
decoding skills.
   (ii) A strong literature, language, and comprehension component
with a balance of oral and written language.
   (iii) Ongoing diagnostic techniques that inform teaching and
assessment.
   (iv) Early intervention techniques.
   (v) Guided practice in a clinical setting.
   (B) For the purposes of this section, "direct, systematic,
explicit phonics" means phonemic awareness, spelling patterns, the
direct instruction of sound/symbol codes and practice in connected
text and the relationship of direct, systematic, explicit phonics to
the components set forth in clauses (i) to (v), inclusive.
   A program for the multiple subjects credential also shall include
the study of integrated methods of teaching language arts.
   (5) Completion of a subject matter program that has been approved
by the commission on the basis of standards of program quality and
effectiveness pursuant to Article 6 (commencing with Section 44310)
or passage of a subject matter examination pursuant to Article 5
(commencing with Section 44280).  The commission shall ensure that
subject matter standards and examinations are aligned with the state
content and performance standards for pupils adopted pursuant to
subdivision (a) of Section 60605.
   (6) Demonstration of a knowledge of the principles and provisions
of the Constitution of the United States pursuant to Section 44335.
   (7) Commencing January 1, 2000, demonstration, in accordance with
the commission's standards of program quality and effectiveness, of
basic competency in the use of computers in the classroom as
determined by one of the following:
   (A) Successful completion of a commission-approved program or
course.
   (B) Successful passage of an assessment that is developed,
approved, and administered by the commission.
   (c) The minimum requirements for the professional clear multiple
or single subject teaching credential shall include all of the
following requirements:
   (1) Possession of a valid preliminary teaching credential, as
prescribed in subdivision (b), possession of a valid equivalent
credential or certificate, or completion of equivalent requirements
as determined by the commission.
   (2) Subject to the availability of funds in the annual Budget Act
to provide statewide access to eligible beginning teachers, as
defined in subdivision (d) of Section 44279.1 and except as provided
in paragraph (3), completion of a program of beginning teacher
induction, including one of the following:
   (A) A program of beginning teacher support and assessment approved
by the commission and the Superintendent of Public Instruction
pursuant to Section 44279.1, a provision of the Marian Bergeson
Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment System.
   (B) An alternative program of beginning teacher induction that is
provided by one or more local educational agencies and has been
approved by the commission and the superintendent on the basis of
initial review and periodic evaluations of the program in relation to
appropriate standards of credential program quality and
effectiveness that have been adopted by the commission, the
superintendent, and the State Board of Education pursuant to this
subdivision.  The standards for alternative programs shall encourage
innovation and experimentation in the continuous preparation and
induction of beginning teachers.  Any alternative program of
beginning teacher induction that has met state standards pursuant to
this subdivision may apply for state funding pursuant to Sections
44279.1 and 44279.2.
   (C) An alternative program of beginning teacher induction that is
sponsored by a regionally accredited college or university, in
cooperation with one or more local school districts, that addresses
the individual professional needs of beginning teachers and meets the
commission's standards of induction.  The commission shall ensure
that preparation and induction programs that qualify candidates for
professional credentials extend and refine each beginning teacher's
professional skills in relation to the California Standards for the
Teaching Profession and the standards of pupil performance adopted
pursuant to Section 60605.
   (3) (A) If a candidate satisfies the requirements of subdivision
(b), including completion of an accredited internship program of
professional preparation, and if that internship program fulfills
induction standards and is approved as set forth in this subdivision,
the commission shall determine that the candidate has fulfilled the
requirements of paragraph (2).
   (B) If an approved induction program is verified as unavailable to
a beginning teacher, or if the beginning teacher is required under
the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (20 U.S.C. Sec. 6301 et
seq.) to complete subject matter coursework to be qualified for a
teaching assignment, the commission shall accept completion of an
approved fifth-year program after completion of a baccalaureate
degree at a regionally accredited institution as fulfilling the
requirements of paragraph (2).  The commission shall adopt
regulations to implement this subparagraph.
   (4) Preparation, in accordance with commission standards, that
addresses the following:
   (A) Study of health education, including study of nutrition,
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the physiological and sociological
effects of abuse of alcohol, narcotics, and drugs and the use of
tobacco.  Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation shall also meet
the standards established by the American Heart Association or the
American Red Cross.
   (B) Study and field experience in methods of delivering
appropriate educational services to pupils with exceptional needs in
regular education programs.
   (C) Study, in accordance with the commission's standards of
program quality and effectiveness, of advanced computer-based
technology, including the uses of technology in educational settings.
   (d) The commission shall develop and implement standards of
program quality and effectiveness that provide for the areas of study
listed in subparagraphs (A) to (C), inclusive, of paragraph (4) of
subdivision (c), starting in professional preparation and continuing
through induction.
   (e) A credential that was issued prior to January 1, 1993, shall
remain in force as long as it is valid under the laws and regulations
that were in effect on the date it was issued.  The commission may
not, by regulation, invalidate an otherwise valid credential unless
it issues to the holder of the credential, in substitution, a new
credential authorized by another provision in this chapter that is no
more restrictive than the credential for which it was substituted
with respect to the kind of service authorized and the grades,
classes, or types of schools in which it authorizes service.
   (f) A credential program that is approved by the commission may
not deny an individual access to that program solely on the grounds
that the individual obtained a teaching credential through completion
of an internship program when that internship program has been
accredited by the commission.
   (g) Notwithstanding this section, persons who were performing
teaching services as of January 1, 1999, pursuant to the language of
this section that was in effect prior to that date, may continue to
perform those services without complying with any requirements that
may be added by the amendments adding this subdivision.
   (h) Subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (4) of subdivision (b)
do not apply to any person who, as of January 1, 1997, holds a
multiple or single subject teaching credential, or to any person
enrolled in a program of professional preparation for a multiple or
single subject teaching credential as of January 1, 1997, who
subsequently completes that program.  It is the intent of the
Legislature that the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) be applied only to persons who enter
a program of professional preparation on or after January 1, 1997.
   (i) The commission shall grant teaching credentials based on the
requirements for those credentials that were in effect on December
31, 1998, to candidates who were in the process of meeting those
requirements for teaching credentials before the effective date of
the commission's implementation of this section.
44259.1.  (a) (1) An integrated program of professional preparation
shall enable candidates for teaching credentials to engage in
professional preparation, concurrently with subject matter
preparation, while completing baccalaureate degrees at regionally
accredited postsecondary institutions.  An integrated program shall
provide opportunities for candidates to complete intensive field
experiences in public elementary and secondary schools early in the
undergraduate sequence.  The development and implementation of an
integrated program shall be based on intensive collaboration among
subject matter departments and education units within postsecondary
institutions and local public elementary and secondary school
districts.
   (2) The commission shall encourage postsecondary institutions to
offer integrated programs of professional preparation that follow the
guidelines developed pursuant to this section.  In approving
integrated programs, the commission shall not compromise or reduce
its standards of subject matter preparation pursuant to Article 6
(commencing with Section 44310) or its standards of professional
preparation pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of Section
44259.
   (b) (1) Commencing with the 2005-06 school year, an integrated
program offered by the California State University shall be designed
to concurrently lead to a preliminary multiple subject or single
subject teaching credential, and a baccalaureate degree.
Recommendation for each shall be contingent upon satisfactory
completion of the requirements for each.
   (2) By July 1, 2004, the Chancellor of the California State
University, in consultation with California State University faculty
members, shall develop a framework defining appropriate balance for
an integrated program of general education, subject matter
preparation, and professional education courses, for both lower
division and upper division students, including an appropriate range
of units to be taken in professional education courses.  In
developing the framework, the Chancellor of the California State
University and California State University faculty members shall
consult with the Academic Senate for the California Community
Colleges on matters related to the effective and efficient use of,
and appropriate role for, lower division coursework in an integrated
program.
   (c) (1) By January 1, 2005, the Chancellor of the California State
University and the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges
shall collaboratively ensure that both of the following occur:
   (A) Lower division coursework completed by a community college
student transferring to a California State University integrated
program is articulated with the corresponding coursework of the
California State University.
   (B) The articulated community college lower division coursework is
accepted as the equivalent to the coursework offered to students who
enter that integrated program as freshman students.
   (2) Commencing with the 2005-06 school year, each campus of the
California State University shall invite the community colleges in
its region that send significant numbers of transfer students to that
campus to enter into articulation agreements.  These articulation
agreements shall be based on a fully transferable education
curriculum that is developed pursuant to the framework developed
under paragraph (2) of subdivision (b).  Approval of one or more of
the articulation agreements will enable the coursework of a community
college student to be accepted as the equivalent to the coursework
offered to students who enter that integrated program as freshman
students.
   (d) A postbaccalaureate program of professional preparation shall
enable candidates for teaching credentials to commence and complete
professional preparation after they have completed baccalaureate
degrees at regionally accredited institutions.  The development and
implementation of a postbaccalaureate program of professional
preparation shall be based on intensive collaboration among the
postsecondary institution and local public elementary and secondary
school districts.
44259.2.  (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter,
including, but not limited to, paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of
Section 44259, the commission shall waive the requirements for
completion of a program of professional preparation for any
individual with a minimum of six years of full-time teaching
experience in an accredited private school, as determined by the
commission, in the subject and level of the credential sought, who
complies with all of the following:
   (1) The individual submits evidence of two years of rigorous
performance evaluations while teaching in an accredited private
school, based on criteria determined by the commission, on which the
applicant received ratings of satisfactory or better.
   (2) The individual meets the California requirements for teacher
fitness pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and 44341.
   (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter,
including, but not limited to, paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of
Section 44259, the commission shall waive the requirements for
completion of the professional field experience component of a
program of professional preparation for any individual with a minimum
of three years of full-time teaching experience in an accredited
private school, as determined by the commission, in the subject and
level of the credential sought, who complies with all of the
following:
   (1) The individual submits evidence of two years of rigorous
performance evaluations while teaching in an accredited private
school, based on criteria determined by the commission, on which the
applicant received ratings of satisfactory or better.
   (2) The individual meets the California requirements for teacher
fitness pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and 44341.
44259.3.  The commission shall review the minimum requirements set
forth in Section 44259 for the preliminary and professional multiple
subject teaching credential and shall recommend their revision as
necessary, during the normal revision cycles, to ensure that teachers
of the elementary grades receive training related to, and have
knowledge of, developmentally appropriate teaching methods for pupils
in kindergarten and grades 1 to 3, inclusive, who may be of the same
grade level but of vastly different developmental levels.  As part
of its review, the commission shall ensure that the requirements link
academic theory regarding child development to instructional methods
designed for use in classrooms of young pupils of varying
developmental levels.  These instructional methods should be designed
to ensure success and progress by all pupils and should especially
help teachers ensure that children who enter school less prepared or
with fewer skills than their classmates meet the expected performance
standards for that grade by the end of the instructional year.  At
the conclusion of its review, the commission shall report to the
Legislature on its recommended revisions, on or before January 1,
2001.
44259.5.  (a) By July 1, 2002, the commission shall ensure that an
accredited program of professional preparation offered pursuant to
paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259 satisfies standards
established by the commission for the preparation of teachers for
all pupils, including English language learners.  The standards shall
be based upon an independent job analysis of the essential
knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by all classroom teachers to
develop English language skills while maintaining academic progress
across the curriculum and shall take into account existing standards
and test specifications for the Crosscultural, Language and Academic
Development certificate.  The commission shall ensure that the
standards established pursuant to this subdivision are aligned with
the requirements of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (4) of subdivision
(b) of Section 44259 and Section 60200.4.
   (b) To maintain current statutory options for teachers in
completing credential requirements, the commission shall provide
candidates, including candidates prepared in other states, with an
examination route to fulfilling the requirements pursuant to
subdivision (a) for essential preparation to teach English language
learners.  The commission shall provide for a comprehensive validity
study of the examination before implementing this section.
   (c) Commencing July 1, 2003, the commission may not issue a
preliminary teaching credential to an applicant pursuant to
subdivision (b) of Section 44259 unless the applicant has satisfied
the standards and requirements established pursuant to subdivision
(a) or has an authorization to provide services to English language
learners issued pursuant to Section 44253, 44253.1, 44253.2, 44253.3,
44253.4, or 44253.10.
   (d) Commencing July 1, 2003, an approved program of beginning
teacher induction offered pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision
(c) of Section 44259 shall satisfy standards established by the
commission and the Superintendent of Public Instruction for beginning
teacher induction for teachers for all pupils, including English
language learners.  The commission and the superintendent shall
incorporate in these standards the essential knowledge, skills, and
abilities needed for first-year and second-year certificated teachers
to apply effective instructional strategies that assist pupils to
develop English language proficiency while maintaining academic
progress across the curriculum.  The standards shall be based upon
the independent job analysis of the essential knowledge, skills, and
abilities for all classroom teachers conducted pursuant to
subdivision (a).
   (e) Commencing July 1, 2005, the commission may not initially
issue a professional clear teaching credential to an applicant
pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 44259 unless the applicant has
satisfied the standards and requirements established pursuant to
subdivision (d) or has an authorization to provide services to
English language learners issued pursuant to Section 44253, 44253.1,
44253.2, 44253.3, 44253.4, or 44253.10.
   (f) No provision of this section applies to the University of
California except to the extent that the Regents of the University of
California, by appropriate resolution, make that provision
applicable.
   (g) A candidate for a teaching credential pursuant to Section
44259 is entitled to earn and receive the credential by fulfilling
the standards and requirements for the credential that were in effect
when the candidate entered accredited preparation or approved
induction for the credential.
   (h) By July 1, 2001, the commission shall report to the education
policy committees in each house of the Legislature on the new
standards it is required to develop pursuant to subdivision (a) and
the progress of the implementation of the new standards by accredited
programs of professional preparation.
   (i) By July 1, 2002, the commission shall report to the education
policy committees in each house of the Legislature on the outcomes
and recommendations for the implementation of the validity study
required pursuant to subdivision (b).
44260.  The minimum requirements for the designated subjects
preliminary vocational education teaching credential shall be all of
the following:
   (a) Five years or the equivalent of adequate, successful, and
recent experience in, or experience and education in, the subject
named on the credential.
   (b) Possession of a high school diploma or the passage of an
equivalency examination as designated by the commission.
   (c) Completion of two semester units or passage of an examination
on the principles and provisions of the United States Constitution,
as specified in Section 44335.
   (d) Passage of an approved examination of basic reading, writing,
and mathematics skills, as specified in Sections 44252 and 44253.
   (e) If in the judgment of the commission an examination in the
subject to be taught is necessary or desirable, such an examination
may also be required.
44260.1.  The minimum requirements for the five-year renewal of the
preliminary designated subjects vocational education teaching
credential shall be all of the following:
   (a) A valid designated subjects preliminary vocational education
teaching credential.
   (b) Two years of successful teaching, or the equivalent, as
authorized by the designated subjects preliminary vocational
education teaching credential.
   (c) A program of personalized preparation as approved by the
commission.
   (d) Completion of a program of study in health education,
including, but not limited to, an emphasis on the physiological and
sociological effects of abuse of alcohol, narcotics, and drugs, and
of the use of tobacco.
44260.2.  The minimum requirements for the designated subjects
preliminary adult education teaching credential shall be all of the
following:
   (a) Five years or the equivalent of appropriate experience or
education in the subject named on the credential.
   (b) Possession of a high school diploma or the passage of an
equivalency examination as designated by the commission.
   (c) Completion of two semester units or passage of an examination
on the principles and provisions of the United States Constitution,
as specified in Section 44335.
   (d) Passage of an approved examination of basic reading, writing,
and mathematics skills, as specified in Sections 44252 and 44253.
44260.3.  The minimum requirements for the five-year renewal of the
preliminary designated subjects adult education teaching credential
shall be all of the following:
   (a) A valid designated subjects preliminary adult education
teaching credential.
   (b) Two years of successful teaching, or the equivalent, as
authorized by the designated subjects preliminary adult education
teaching credential.
   (c) A program of personalized preparation as approved by the
commission.
   (d) Completion of a program of study in health education,
including, but not limited to, training in, or verification of
training in, cardiopulmonary resuscitation which meets the standards
set by the American Heart Association or the American Red Cross and
emphasis on the physiological and sociological effects of abuse of
alcohol, narcotics, and drugs, and of the use of tobacco.
44260.4.  The minimum requirements for the designated subjects
special subjects teaching credential shall be appropriate to the
special subject named on the credential, in accordance with the
requirements established by the commission.  Special subjects
instruction may include, but shall not be limited to, driver
education and training.
44260.5.  The commission shall establish minimum requirements for
the issuance and renewal of the designated subjects teaching
credentials for part-time service.  Designated subjects teaching
credentials issued for part-time service shall not authorize service
for more than one-half of a full-time teaching assignment.
44260.6.  The minimum requirements for the designated subjects
supervision and coordination credential shall include all of the
following:
   (a) Possession of a designated subjects teaching credential, other
than for part-time service.
   (b) Three years of full-time teaching experience in the subject
named on the designated subjects teaching credential.
   (c) Completion of a commission-approved personalized preservice
program in supervision and coordination.
   (d) The designated subjects supervision and coordination
credential shall authorize the holder to supervise and coordinate
designated subjects classes and programs.
44260.7.  The commission may develop alternative routes to the
subject matter coursework requirements for the preliminary designated
subjects credential in driver education and training, including
approved staff development programs offered by school districts and
county offices of education, if the alternative routes meet standards
established by the commission.
44260.8.  (a) The minimum requirements for the clear designated
subjects teaching credential shall include the study of health
education as specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section
44259.
   (b) The minimum requirements for the clear designated subjects
teaching credential for vocational education or adult education shall
include study of computer-based technology, including the uses of
technology in educational settings, and the minimum requirements for
the special subjects credential may, at the discretion of the
commission, include the study of computer-based technology, including
the uses of technology in educational settings.
44261.  The minimum requirements for the multiple or single subject
teaching credential with a designated emphasis shall be as specified
in Section 44259.
44261.2.  (a) The Legislature finds and declares the following:
   (1) The role of parents and guardians in the education of pupils
and the development of children and youth is critically important.
   (2) Active partnerships among parents, guardians, and professional
educators are essential features of effective education.
   (3) Recent and anticipated changes in the conditions of childhood
and adolescence, including, but not limited to, the changing family
structure and ethnic and cultural diversity, make it more critical
than before that partnerships among parents, guardians, and
professional educators be effective.
   It is the intent of the Legislature that prospective teachers and
certificated educators acquire needed perspectives to serve as active
partners with parents and guardians in the education of pupils.
   (b) The commission shall adopt standards and requirements pursuant
to paragraphs (3) and (4) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259,
Section 44265, Sections 44266 to 44270.1, inclusive, and Section
44372 that emphasize the preparation of prospective teachers and
other certificated educators to serve as active partners with parents
and guardians in the education of pupils.  The standards shall
address, through appropriate instruction and field experiences, the
roles of parents and guardians in the educational process, strategies
for involving and working with parents and guardians, and the
changing conditions of childhood and adolescence, including, but not
limited to, the changing family structure and ethnic and cultural
diversity.
   (c) An institution meets the standards set forth in subdivision
(b) with the incorporation of appropriate content within existing
professional preparation courses.
   (d) The implementation of subdivision (b) as it applies to
paragraphs (3) and (4) of Section 44259 shall occur in conjunction
with the review of requirements for earning and renewing multiple and
single subject teaching credentials, as required by subdivisions (a)
and (b) of Section 44259.2.
   (e) The standards and requirements developed pursuant to
subdivision (b) and the conditions described in subdivision (d) of
this section shall not apply to any person holding a valid credential
on December 31, 1993.
   (f) The commission shall not, by regulation, revoke or restrict in
any way a credential that was valid prior to the effective date of
this section unless the commission issues the holder of the
credential a valid substitute credential.  The authorization of the
substitute credential shall not be more restrictive than that of the
former credential.  The definition of the term "authorization," in
subdivision (d) of Section 44203 of Article 1 of Chapter 2 of Part 25
of the Education Code, applies to this subdivision.
44262.  Upon the recommendation of the governing board of a school
district, the commission may issue an eminence credential to any
person who has achieved eminence in a field of endeavor taught or
service practiced in the public schools of California.  This
credential shall authorize teaching or the performance of services in
the public schools in the subject or subject area or service and at
the level or levels approved by the commission as designated on the
credential.
   Each credential so issued shall be issued initially for a two-year
period and may be renewed for a three-year period by the commission
upon the request of the governing board of the school district.  Upon
completion of the three-year renewal period, the holder of an
eminence credential shall be eligible upon application for a
professional clear teaching credential.
44263.  A teacher licensed pursuant to the provisions of this
article may be assigned, with his or her consent, to teach any single
subject class in which he or she has 18 semester hours of coursework
or nine semester hours of upper division or graduate coursework or a
multiple subject class if he or she holds at least 60 semester hours
equally distributed among the four areas of a diversified major set
forth in Section 44314.  A three-semester-unit variance in any of the
required four areas may be allowed.  The governing board of the
school district by resolution shall provide specific authorization
for such assignment.  The authorization of the governing board shall
remain valid for one year and may be renewed annually.
44264.  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person holding
a credential issued under the laws and regulations in effect on or
before December 31, 1971, authorizing teaching in grades 7 to 12,
inclusive, or grades 7 to 9, inclusive, in the secondary schools may
be assigned, with his or her consent, to teach any subject authorized
on his or her credential in grades 5 and 6 or grade 5 or grade 6 in
a departmentalized program in a school composed of grades 5, 6, 7,
and 8 or grades 6, 7, and 8.
    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person holding a
credential issued under the laws and regulations in effect on or
before December 31, 1971, authorizing administration in grades 7 to
12, inclusive, in the secondary schools may be assigned, with his or
her consent, to provide administration for grades 5 and 6 or grade 6,
in a school composed of grades 5, 6, 7, and 8 or grades 6, 7, and 8.
44265.  Credentials for teaching specialties, including, but not
limited to, bilingual education, early childhood education, and
special education, shall be based upon a baccalaureate degree from an
accredited institution, completion of a program of professional
preparation, and any other standards which the commission may
establish.
   In adopting the necessary rules and regulations establishing the
requirements for the preparation of special education specialties,
the commission shall ensure that teachers have sufficient knowledge
of subject matter that is the core of the California public school
curriculum and experience with nonspecial education pupils to the
extent deemed appropriate by the commission.
   All administrative regulations governing special education
specialists credentials that were in effect on December 31, 1989,
shall continue to be operative until the commission amends or repeals
those regulations to implement the provisions of this section.
44265.5.  (a) Pupils who are visually impaired shall be taught by
teachers whose professional preparation and credential authorization
are specific to that impairment.
   (b) Pupils who are deaf or hard of hearing shall be taught by
teachers whose professional preparation and credential authorization
are specific to that impairment.
   (c) Pupils who are orthopedically impaired shall be taught by
teachers whose professional preparation and credential authorization
are specific to that impairment.
44265.6.  (a) Upon the request of an employing school district,
county office of education or state special school, the Commission on
Teacher Credentialing shall determine specific requirements for and
issue a one-year specialist instruction emergency permit, solely for
the purpose of instructing deaf or hearing-impaired pupils, to any
prelingually deaf candidate upon medical or other appropriate
professional verifications.
   (b) The applicant is exempted from the requirements in Section
44252 and subdivision (b) of Section 44830.
   (c) "Prelingually deaf" means, for purposes of this section, as
having suffered a hearing loss prior to three years of age that
prevents the processing of linguistic information through hearing,
with or without amplification.
   (d) The emergency specialist instruction permit issued under this
section authorizes the holder to teach deaf and hearing-impaired
pupils who are enrolled in state special schools or in special
classes for pupils with hearing impairments.
   (e) A one-year specialist instruction emergency permit issued
pursuant to subdivision (a) may be reissued at the request of the
employing school district, county office of education or state
special school in accordance with criteria determined by the
Commission on Teacher Credentialing.
44265.7.  (a) The Commission on Teacher Credentialing shall issue a
two-year nonrenewable preliminary specialist instruction credential,
solely for the purpose of instructing deaf or hearing-impaired
pupils, to any prelingually deaf candidate upon medical or other
appropriate professional verifications.
   (b) The minimum requirements for the preliminary specialist
instruction credential solely for the purpose of instructing deaf or
hearing-impaired pupils are all of the following:
   (1) A baccalaureate or higher degree, except a degree in
professional education, from a regionally accredited institution of
higher education.
   (2) Completion of an approved program of professional preparation.
   (3) Demonstration of a knowledge of various methods of teaching
reading.
   (4) Study of alternative methods of developing English language
skills, including reading, and the study of integrated methods of
teaching language arts.
   (5) Completion of a subject matter program that has been approved
by the commission on the basis of standards of program quality and
effectiveness pursuant to Article 6 (commencing with Section 44310)
or passage of a subject matter examination pursuant to Article 5
(commencing with Section 44280).
   (6) Demonstration of a knowledge of the principles and provisions
of the Constitution of the United States pursuant to Section 44335.
   (c) The applicant is exempted from the requirements in Section
44252 and subdivision (b) of Section 44830.
   (d) "Prelingually deaf" is defined, for purposes of this section,
as having suffered a hearing loss prior to three years of age that
prevents the processing of linguistic information through hearing,
with or without amplification.
   (e) The preliminary specialist instruction credential issued under
this section authorizes the holder to teach deaf and
hearing-impaired pupils who are enrolled in state special schools or
in special classes for pupils with hearing impairments.
44265.8.  (a) The Commission on Teacher Credentialing shall issue a
two-year services credential with a specialization in pupil personnel
services, solely for the purpose of providing services as a school
counselor, school psychologist, or school social worker for deaf and
hearing-impaired pupils, to any prelingually deaf candidate upon
medical or other appropriate professional verifications, provided the
candidate has met the minimum requirements specified in Section
44266.
   (b) The applicant is exempted from the requirements in Section
44252 and subdivision (b) of Section 44830.
   (c)  For purposes of this section, "prelingually deaf" means
having suffered a hearing loss prior to three years of age that
prevents the processing of linguistic information through hearing,
with or without amplification.
   (d) The services credential issued under this section authorizes
the holder to serve at all grade levels as a school counselor, school
psychologist, or school social worker, as specified on the
credential, for deaf and hearing-impaired pupils who are enrolled in
state special schools or in special classes for pupils with hearing
impairments.
44265.9.  (a) By January 1, 1994, the Commission on Teacher
Credentialing shall develop criteria to verify the proficiency of
holders of credentials issued pursuant to Sections 44265.7 and
44265.8 in performing the essential functions of their positions.
   (b) The school district, county office of education, or state
special school that employs a holder of a credential issued pursuant
to Section 44265.7 or 44265.8 shall appoint a three-person panel that
shall verify the proficiency of holders of credentials issued
pursuant to Sections 44265.7 and 44265.8 using the criteria the
Commission on Teacher Credentialing develops for this purpose.  The
panel shall report its findings to the employing school district,
county office of education, or state special school which may adopt
those findings.
   (c) The panel appointed pursuant to subdivision (b) shall consist
of the following:
   (1) A school administrator selected by school administrators of
the employing school district, county office of education, or state
special school.
   (2) A parent of a deaf or hearing-impaired child selected by a
school-related parent group.
   (3) A teacher who holds a credential authorizing service to deaf
or hearing-impaired pupils selected by teachers at the employing
school.
   (d) Employing school districts, county offices of education, and
state special schools shall ensure that the panel completes the
verification of proficiency within two years of the issuance of the
credentials issued pursuant to Sections 44265.7 and 44265.8.
   (e) Upon verification of proficiency as documented by the
employing school district, county office of education, or state
special school, the Commission on Teacher Credentialing shall issue a
specialist credential, solely for the purpose of instructing deaf
and hearing-impaired pupils enrolled in state special schools, or in
special classes, or a services credential with a specialization in
pupil personnel services, solely for the purpose of counseling deaf
and hearing-impaired pupils enrolled in state special schools or in
special classes.
44266.  The minimum requirements for the services credential with a
specialization in pupil personnel services are a baccalaureate degree
or higher degree, except in professional education, from an approved
institution, a fifth year of study, and any specialized and
professional preparation that the commission shall require, including
completion of a commission-approved program of supervised field
experience that includes direct classroom contact, jointly sponsored
by a school district and a college or university.
   The services credential with a specialization in pupil personnel
services shall authorize the holder to perform, at all grade levels,
the pupil personnel service approved by the commission as designated
on the credential, which may include, but need not be limited to,
school counseling, school psychology, child welfare and attendance
services, and school social work.
   The commission shall continue to issue credentials with a
specialization in pupil personnel services under the law as it read
on December 31, 1986, for a time period of two years from the
effective date of regulations adopted for the issuance of
certificates under the new program required by this section, to any
candidate in the process of obtaining a services credential with a
specialization in pupil personnel services through a previously
approved program of study.
44267.  The minimum requirements for a services credential with a
specialization in health are:
   (a) Five years, or its equivalent, of college or university
education, or five years of professional preparation approved by the
commission.
   (b) Possession of a valid license, certificate, or registration,
appropriate to the health service to be designated, issued by the
California agency authorized by law to license, certificate, or
register persons to practice that health service in California.
   (c) Such additional requirements as may be prescribed by the
commission.
   The services credential with a specialization in health shall
authorize the holder to perform, at all grade levels, the health
service approved by the commission as designated on the credential.
Services as an audiometrist, occupational therapist, or physical
therapist are not deemed health services within the meaning of this
section.
44267.5.  (a) The minimum requirements for a services credential
with a specialization in health for a school nurse are all of the
following:
   (1) A baccalaureate or higher degree from an accredited
institution.
   (2) A valid California license as a registered nurse.
   (3) One year of coursework beyond the baccalaureate degree in a
program approved by the commission.
   (b) The period for which a services credential with a
specialization in health for a school nurse is valid, shall be as
follows:
   (1) For a preliminary credential, pending completion of the one
year of coursework beyond the baccalaureate degree in a program
approved by the commission, five years.
   (2) For the professional credential, after completion of
requirements specified by the commission, five years.
   (c) The services credential with a specialization in health for a
school nurse shall authorize the holder to perform, at grades 12 and
below, the health services approved by the commission and designated
on the credential.
   (d) The holder of a services credential with a specialization in
health for a school nurse who also completes the requirements for a
special class authorization in health in a program that is approved
by the commission is authorized to teach classes on health in a
preschool, kindergarten, grades 1 to 12, inclusive, and classes
organized primarily for adults.
44268.  The minimum requirements for a services credential in a
specialization in clinical or rehabilitative services are:
   (a) A baccalaureate degree or higher degree from an institution
approved by the commission.
   (b) A fifth year, or its equivalent, of college or university
education.
   (c) Such specialized and professional preparation as the
commission may require.
   The services credential with a specialization in clinical or
rehabilitative services shall authorize the holder to perform, at all
grade levels, the service approved by the commission as designated
on the credential. Clinical or rehabilitative services which may be
designated by the commission include, but need not be limited to,
speech, language, and hearing services.
44268.5.  (a) A teacher who does not hold a specialist credential to
teach pupils with mild to moderate disabilities in a special day
class setting may teach in a special day class setting that consists
of pupils with mild to moderate disabilities if the teacher consents
to the assignment and meets all of the following conditions:
   (1) The teacher has been teaching in a special day class setting
for a minimum of 10 years, as of January 1, 2000.
   (2) The teacher holds one of the following:
   (A) A services credential with a specialization in clinical or
rehabilitative services with special class authorization.
   (B) A Standard Teaching Credential with the Minor - Speech and
Hearing Handicapped.
   (C) A Restricted Special Education Credential - Speech and Hearing
Therapy.
   (D) A Limited Specialized Preparation Credential - Speech and
Hearing Handicapped.
   (E) A Special Secondary Credential - Correction of Speech Defects.
   (F) An Exceptional Children Credential - Speech Correction and Lip
Reading.
   (3) Concurrently with the teaching assignment, the teacher
annually completes 6 units or the equivalent thereof of professional
development in core subjects.
   (4) The teacher passes the reading instruction competence
assessment administered by the commission pursuant to Section 44283
within one year of the beginning of the school year.  Passage of the
assessment shall be considered evidence of the teacher's competence
in reading instruction.
  (b) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2005,
and as of that date is repealed, unless a later enacted statute,
that is enacted before January 1, 2005, deletes or extends that date.
44269.  The commission may issue a services credential authorizing
service as a library media teacher upon completion of specialized
preparation as required by the commission.
   The standards for these credentials are a baccalaureate degree or
higher degree from an institution approved by the commission, a valid
teaching credential and specialized and professional preparation as
the commission may require.
   Whenever the term "librarian" is used in this article, it shall be
deemed to refer to "library media teacher."
44270.  (a) The minimum requirements for the preliminary services
credential with a specialization in administrative services are all
of the following:
   (1) Possession of one of the following:
   (A) A valid teaching credential requiring the possession of a
baccalaureate degree and a professional preparation program including
student teaching.
   (B) A valid designated subjects vocational education, adult, or
special subjects teaching credential, as specified in Section 44260,
44260.1, 44260.2, 44260.3, or 44260.4, provided the candidate also
possesses a baccalaureate degree.
   (C) A valid services credential with a specialization in pupil
personnel, health, or clinical or rehabilitative services, as
specified in Section 44266, 44267, 44267.5, or 44268, or a valid
services credential authorizing service as a library media teacher,
as specified in Section 44269.
   (D) A valid credential issued under the laws, rules, and
regulations in effect on or before December 31, 1971, which
authorizes the same areas as in subparagraphs (B) and (C).
   (2) Completion of a minimum of three years of successful,
full-time classroom teaching experience in the public schools,
including, but not limited to, service in state- or county-operated
schools, or in private schools of equivalent status or three years of
experience in the fields of pupil personnel, health, clinical or
rehabilitative, or librarian services.
   (3) Completion of an entry level program of specialized and
professional preparation in administrative services approved by the
commission or a one-year internship in a program of supervised
training in administrative services, approved by the commission as
satisfying the requirements for the preliminary services credential
with a specialization in administrative services.
   (4) Current employment in an administrative position after
completion of professional preparation as defined in paragraph (3),
whether full or part time, in a public school or private school of
equivalent status.  The commission shall encourage school districts
to consider the recency of preparation or professional growth in
school administration as one of the criteria for employment.
   (b) The preliminary administrative services credential shall be
valid for a period of five years from the date of initial employment
in an administrative position, whether full or part time, and shall
not be renewable.
   (c) A candidate who completed, by September 30, 1984, the
requirements for the administrative services credential in effect on
June 30, 1982, is eligible for the credential authorized under those
requirements.  All other candidates shall satisfy the requirements
set forth in this section.
44270.1.  (a) The minimum requirements for the professional services
credential with a specialization in administrative services are all
of the following:
   (1) Possession of a valid preliminary administrative services
credential, as specified in Section 44270.
   (2) A minimum of two years of successful experience in a full-time
administrative position in a public school or private school of
equivalent status, while holding the preliminary administrative
services credential, as attested by the employing school district or
agency, including, but not limited to, the State Department of
Education, in the case of state school administrators, and county
offices of education, in the case of county school administrators.
   (3) Completion of a commission-approved program of advanced
preparation.  Each candidate, in consultation with employing school
district personnel and university personnel, shall develop an
individualized program of professional development activities for
this advanced preparation program based upon individual needs.  Each
individualized program will include university coursework and may
include, nonuniversity activities or advanced administrative field
experiences.  The commission shall adopt standards and criteria for
the university programs of advanced preparation and nonuniversity
activities.
   (b) The commission may, at the request of a credential candidate,
grant a waiver, pursuant to subdivision (m) of Section 44225, of the
requirement of university coursework upon its finding that the
candidate, in consultation with personnel of the employing school
district and personnel of the university, is not able to develop an
individualized program of professional development for the advanced
preparation program that meets the individual needs of the
candidates.
   (c) The professional administrative services credential shall be
valid for a period of five years from date of issuance and may be
renewed upon completion of professional renewal requirements
specified by the commission.
44270.2.  The services credential with a specialization in
administrative services shall authorize the holder to perform
administrative services at all grade levels.
   Any person who administers a pupil personnel program shall hold a
services credential with a pupil personnel or administrative
specialization.
44270.3.  Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, the
commission shall issue a preliminary services credential with a
specialization in administrative services to an out-of-state trained
administrator who meets all of the following requirements:
   (a) Possesses a baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited
institution of higher education.
   (b) Successfully passed the basic skills proficiency test
administered pursuant to Section 44252.5.
   (c) Completed a teacher preparation program at a regionally
accredited institution of higher education, was issued an elementary,
secondary, or special education teaching credential based upon that
program, and served on that credential for at least three years.
   (d) Completed an administrator preparation program at a regionally
accredited institution of higher education and was issued, or
qualified for, an administrative services credential based upon that
program.
   (e) Submitted fingerprint cards and met the requirements of
California for teacher fitness pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and
44341.
44270.4.  Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, the
commission shall issue a professional services credential with a
specialization in administrative services to an out-of-state trained
administrator who meets all of the following requirements:
   (a) Possesses a baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited
institution of higher education.
   (b) Successfully passed the basic skills proficiency test
administered pursuant to Section 44252.5.
   (c) Completed a teacher preparation program at a regionally
accredited institution of higher education, was issued an elementary,
secondary, or special education teaching credential based upon that
program, and served on that credential for at least three years.
   (d) Completed an administrator preparation program at a regionally
accredited institution of higher education and was issued an
administrative services credential based upon that program.
   (e) Submitted to the commission a minimum of two rigorous
performance evaluations, one in each of the applicant's two most
recent years of service as an administrator, upon which the applicant
received ratings of satisfactory or better.
   (f) Successfully served as a public school administrator for at
least three years or successfully completed an individual program of
professional development that included intensive mentoring,
assistance, and support as certified by the employing school
district.
   (g) Submitted fingerprint cards and met the requirements of
California for teacher fitness pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and
44341.
44270.5.  (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter and as
an expedited alternative to Section 44270, the commission may issue a
preliminary services credential with a specialization in
administrative services to a candidate who completes the following
requirements:
   (1) Possess a teaching or services credential as specified in
paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 44270.
   (2) Completes the experience requirement specified in paragraph
(2) of subdivision (a) of Section 44270.
   (3) Successfully passes a test adopted by the commission, upon a
finding by the commission that the test is aligned to state
administrator preparation standards.
   (b) Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter and as an
alternative to Section 44270.1, the commission may issue a
professional clear services credential with a specialization in
administrative services to a candidate who holds or is eligible for a
preliminary services credential with a specialization in
administrative services, and who meets one of the following
requirements:
   (1) Successfully completes a program that is accredited by the
commission for the professional clear services credential with a
specialization in administrative services and receives a
recommendation for the credential from the program.
   (2) Demonstrates mastery of commission accredited fieldwork
performance standards for a professional clear services credential
with a specialization in administrative services, and receives a
recommendation for the professional clear services credential with a
specialization in administrative services from a commission
accredited program.  The fieldwork performance standards required
pursuant to this paragraph shall be as rigorous as all other
fieldwork performance standards required by the commission to obtain
a professional clear services credential with a specialization in
administrative services.
   (3) Passes a national administrator performance assessment adopted
by the commission.
44271.  The designated subjects teaching credential with a
specialization in vocational trade and technical teaching shall
authorize the holder, who also meets the requirements for
administrative service, to supervise and administer programs of trade
and technical education in school districts or in schools where the
curricula are predominately trade, technical, or industrial in
nature.
44272.  The commission may issue limited services credentials
authorizing administrative service in schools which are not part of
the public school system but which are administered by other state
agencies.
44273.  Notwithstanding any other provisions of this code, any
credential described in Section 44250 shall be issued to an applicant
under the following circumstances:
   (a) The commission has accepted, upon application of an approved
institution supported by detailed data and justification, a program
developed and offered by that institution as an experimental,
exploratory, or pilot program of preparation for such a credential.
The commission shall accept only those programs which it finds, by
resolution entered in its minutes, to have merit and the potential of
improving the quality of service authorized by the credential.
   (b) The applicant has completed such a program following the date
of its acceptance by the commission.
   (c) The applicant holds upon completion of the credential program
a baccalaureate or higher degree from an approved institution.
   (d) The applicant meets all of the requirements of this chapter
and the regulations of the commission adopted pursuant thereto,
respecting age, character, citizenship, health, identification, oath
or affirmation, and study of or examination in the Constitution of
the United States.
44274.  (a) The commission shall conduct periodic reviews to
determine whether any state has established teacher preparation
standards, including standards for teachers of English learners, that
are at least comparable and equivalent to teacher preparation
standards in California.
   (b) If the commission determines, pursuant to subdivision (a),
that the teacher preparation standards established by any state are
at least comparable and equivalent to teacher preparation standards
in California, the commission shall initiate negotiations with that
state to provide reciprocity in teacher credentialing.
   (c) (1) The commission shall grant an appropriate credential to
any applicant from another state who completes teacher preparation
that is at least comparable and equivalent to preparation that meets
teacher preparation standards in California, as determined by the
commission pursuant to this section, if the applicant meets the
requirements of California for the basic skills proficiency test
pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 44275.3 and teacher fitness
pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and 44341.
   (2) If the commission determines that the teacher licensing body
of another state requires an applicant to demonstrate a level of
basic skills proficiency that is at least comparable to passage of
the state basic skills proficiency test, applicants from that state
are not required to meet the requirements of California for the basic
skills proficiency test.
   (d) A reciprocity agreement established pursuant to subdivision
(b) shall not exempt an out-of-state applicant from submitting an
identification card pursuant to Section 44340 and obtaining a
certificate of clearance, credential, permit, or certificate of
eligibility from the commission.
   (e) The commission shall issue credentials to out-of-state
prepared teachers based on all of the following:
   (1) Equivalent preparation received outside of this state.
   (2) Equivalent reading instruction, as determined by the reviews
conducted pursuant to Section 44274.1.
   (3) Equivalent subject matter programs or credential emphasis
programs, as determined by the reviews conducted pursuant to Section
44274.1.
44274.1.  To remove unnecessary barriers for entry into teaching for
teachers prepared in other  states, the commission shall contract
for reviews of areas of teacher preparation in other states, as
specified in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive.  The initial reviews
shall commence in 2001.  Supplemental reviews shall be conducted
every three years after completion of the initial review.  The
purpose of the review is to maintain and utilize information to allow
teachers prepared in other states to meet specified California
requirements for multiple subject and single subject teaching
credentials based upon out-of-state teacher preparation determined by
the commission to be comparable and equivalent to the preparation
required in California.  Reviews shall take place in all of the
following areas of teacher preparation for the purpose of meeting the
credential requirements pursuant to Section 44275.3:
   (a) Subject matter programs or subject matter examinations
pursuant to paragraph (5) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259.
   (b) Reading instruction pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision
(b) of Section 44259.
   (c) Credential emphasis programs, including, but not limited to,
emphasis programs to prepare teachers to work with English language
learners.
44274.2.  (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, the
commission shall issue a five-year preliminary multiple subject
teaching credential authorizing instruction in a self-contained
classroom, a five-year preliminary single subject teaching credential
authorizing instruction in departmentalized classes, or a five-year
preliminary education specialist credential authorizing instruction
of special education pupils to any experienced out-of-state prepared
teacher  who meets all of the following requirements:
   (1) Possesses a baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited
institution of higher education.
   (2) Completed a teacher preparation program at a regionally
accredited institution of higher education.
   (3) In the case of an applicant for a five-year preliminary single
subject teaching credential,  completed an academic major in the
subject area of the credential sought as determined by the
commission.
   (4) Earned a valid corresponding elementary, secondary, or special
education teaching credential based upon the out-of-state teacher
preparation program.
   (5) Verified a minimum of three years of full-time teaching
experience completed in another state in the subject of the
credential sought.
   (6) Submitted evidence of rigorous performance evaluations on
which the applicant received ratings of satisfactory or better.
   (b) A teacher shall pass the state basic skills proficiency test
administered by the commission pursuant to Section 44252 within one
year of the issuance date of the credential in order to be eligible
to continue teaching pursuant to this section.
   (c) The commission shall issue a professional clear multiple
subject, single subject, or education specialist teaching credential
to any applicant who provides verification of five or more years of
teaching experience to meet the requirement of subdivision (a), and
who documents, in a manner prescribed by the commission, that he or
she fulfills each of the following requirements:
   (1) The commission has issued to the applicant a preliminary
five-year teaching credential pursuant to subdivision (a).
   (2) The applicant has completed 150 clock hours of activities that
contribute to his or her competence, performance, and effectiveness
in the education profession, and that assist the applicant in meeting
or exceeding standards for professional preparation established by
the commission.
   (d) The commission shall issue a professional clear multiple
subject, single subject, or education specialist teaching credential
to any applicant who provides verification of three or four years of
teaching experience to meet the requirement of subdivision (a), and
who documents in a manner prescribed by the commission, that he or
she fulfills each of the following requirements:
   (1) The commission has issued to the applicant a preliminary
five-year teaching credential pursuant to subdivision (a).
   (2) The applicant has completed either of the following:
   (A) A program of beginning teacher support and assessment
established pursuant to Article 4.5 (commencing with Section 44279.1)
of Chapter 2 of Part 24.
   (B) An alternative program of beginning teacher induction that the
commission determines, in conjunction with the Superintendent of
Public Instruction, meets state standards for teacher induction.
44274.5.  Notwithstanding Section 44227, Section 44259, or any other
provision of this chapter, an applicant who holds a valid teaching
credential from a state other than California, and who has met, at a
minimum, every requirement for a California professional multiple or
single subject credential except the requirement of completion of a
fifth year of study, may request the commission to determine whether
the applicant has completed at least equivalent coursework.  If the
commission determines that the applicant has completed at least
equivalent coursework, the commission shall issue the applicant an
appropriate credential, if the applicant has submitted a fingerprint
card and has met the requirements of California for teacher fitness
by obtaining a certificate of clearance or eligibility, a credential,
or a permit from the commission.
44275.3.  Notwithstanding any other provision of law:
   (a) It is the intent of the Legislature that both of the following
occur:
   (1) That this section provide flexibility to enable school
districts to recruit credentialed out-of-state elementary, secondary,
and special education teachers to relocate to California.
   (2) That any and all teachers hired in California pursuant to this
section fully meet the requirements of the State of California or
requirements deemed to be equivalent.
   (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the
commission shall issue a five-year preliminary multiple subject or
single subject teaching credential or a five-year preliminary
education specialist credential to any out-of-state prepared teacher
who meets all of the following requirements:
   (1) Possesses a baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited
institution of higher education.
   (2) Completed a teacher preparation program at a regionally
accredited institution of higher education.
   (3) Successfully completes any criminal background check conducted
pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and 44341 for credentialing
purposes.
   (4) Earned or qualified for a corresponding elementary, secondary,
or special education teaching credential based upon the out-of-state
teacher preparation program.  The commission shall determine the
area of concentration of the California education specialist
credential based on the special education program completed out of
state.
   (c) An out-of-state prepared teacher who has been issued a
California five-year preliminary multiple subject, single subject, or
education specialist teaching credential shall pass the state basic
skills proficiency test, administered by the commission pursuant to
Section 44252, within one year of the issuance date of the credential
in order to be eligible to continue teaching pursuant to this
section, unless the commission determines that the teacher licensing
body of the state in which the teacher completed his or her
preparation requires an applicant to demonstrate a level of basic
skills proficiency that is at least comparable to passage of the
state basic skills proficiency test.
   (d) The commission shall issue a professional clear credential to
an out-of-state prepared teacher who has met the requirements in
subdivision (b) and who meets the following requirements:
   (1) Passage of the state basic skills proficiency test
administered by the commission pursuant to Section 44252, unless the
commission determines that the teacher licensing body of the state in
which the teacher completed his or her preparation requires an
applicant to demonstrate a level of basic skills proficiency that is
at least comparable to passage of the state basic skills proficiency
test.
   (2) Demonstration of subject matter competence by completion of
coursework or an examination approved by the commission pursuant to
paragraph (5) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259.  Completion of
subject matter in another state that is determined by the commission
to be comparable or equivalent pursuant to paragraph (1) of
subdivision (a) of Section 44274.1 shall meet this requirement.
   (3) Completion of a course, or for multiple subject and education
specialist credentials, a course or an examination, on the various
methods of teaching reading pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision
(b) of Section 44259.  Completion of coursework in another state
determined by the commission to be comparable and equivalent pursuant
to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 44274.1 shall meet
this requirement.
   (4) Completion of a course or examination on the provisions and
principles of the United States Constitution pursuant to paragraph
(6) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259.  Completion of coursework in
another state determined by the commission to be comparable and
equivalent shall meet this requirement.
   (5) With the exception of the education specialist credential,
completion of study and field experience in methods of delivering
appropriate educational services to pupils with exceptional needs in
regular education programs.  Completion of coursework in another
state determined by the commission to be comparable and equivalent
shall meet this requirement.
   (6) Completion of the study of computer-based technology through
demonstration by course or examination of basic competence in the use
of computers in the classroom, and study of advanced computer-based
technology, including the uses of technology in educational settings
pursuant to subparagraph (C) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of
Section 44259.  Completion of coursework in another state determined
by the commission to be comparable and equivalent shall meet this
requirement.
   (7) Completion of a fifth-year program at a regionally accredited
institution of higher education, except that the commission shall
eliminate this requirement for any candidate who has completed an
induction program for beginning teachers.  Completion of preparation
in another state determined by the commission to be comparable and
equivalent to the requirement specified by this paragraph shall meet
this requirement.
   (8) A teacher holding a specialist credential pursuant to this
section shall complete the requirements for nonspecial education
pedagogy and a supervised field experience program in general
education pursuant to Section 44265.
   (9) A teacher holding a specialist credential pursuant to this
section shall complete a program for the Professional Level II
credential accredited by the Committee on Accreditation, established
pursuant to Section 44373, and the requirements specified in this
subdivision.
44275.4.  Notwithstanding any other provision of law:
   (a) It is the intent of the Legislature that both of the following
occur:
   (1) That this section provide flexibility to enable school
districts to recruit credentialed elementary, secondary, and special
education teachers prepared in countries other than the United States
to relocate temporarily or permanently to this state.
   (2) That any and all teachers prepared in countries other than the
United States who are granted a California teaching credential
pursuant to this section fully meet the requirements of this state.
   (b) Coursework, programs, or degrees completed at an institution
of higher education outside of the United States are acceptable
toward certification when the Commission on Teacher Credentialing or
an evaluating agency approved by the commission has determined that
the institution's coursework, programs, or degrees are equivalent to
those offered by a regionally accredited institution in the United
States.  The commission reserves the right to accept or reject an
approved evaluating agency's determination.  Notwithstanding any
other provision of this chapter, the commission shall issue a
five-year preliminary multiple subject teaching credential, a
five-year preliminary single subject teaching credential, or a
five-year preliminary education specialist credential to a teacher
prepared in a country other than the United States who meets all of
the following requirements:
   (1) The teacher holds or is eligible for a credential from another
country that required a baccalaureate or higher degree determined to
be equivalent to those offered by a regionally accredited
institution in the United States and completion of a professional
preparation program approved by the appropriate agency in the country
where the program was completed that requires the teacher to meet
requirements equivalent to the multiple or single subject teaching
credential requirements in Section 44259 or the special education
credential requirements described in Section 44265.  The commission
shall determine the area of concentration for the California
education specialist credential based on the special education
program completed out of country.
   (2) The teacher successfully completes a criminal background check
conducted pursuant to Sections 44339, 44340, and 44341 for
credentialing purposes.
   (c) A teacher prepared in a country other than the United States
who has been issued by the commission a five-year preliminary
multiple subject, single subject, or education specialist teaching
credential shall pass the state basic skills proficiency test,
administered by the commission pursuant to Section 44252, within one
year of the issuance date of the credential in order to be eligible
to continue teaching pursuant to this section.
   (d) The commission shall issue a professional clear credential to
a teacher prepared in a country other than the United States who has
met the requirements in subdivisions (b) and (c) and who meets the
following  requirements:
   (1) Demonstration of subject matter competence by completion of
coursework or an examination approved by the commission pursuant to
paragraph (5) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259.
   (2) Completion of a course, or for multiple subject and education
specialist credentials, a course or an examination, on the various
methods of teaching reading pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision
(b) of Section 44259.  Completion of coursework in another state or
country determined by the commission to be comparable and equivalent
shall meet this requirement.
   (3) Completion of a course or examination on the provisions and
principles of the United States Constitution pursuant to paragraph
(6) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259.  Completion of coursework in
another state or country determined by the commission to be
comparable and equivalent shall meet this requirement.
   (4) Completion of the study of health education pursuant to
subparagraph (A) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section
44259.  Completion of coursework in another state or country
determined by the commission to be comparable and equivalent shall
meet this requirement.
   (5) With the exception of the education specialist credential,
completion of study and field experience in methods of delivering
appropriate educational services to pupils with exceptional needs in
regular education programs.  Completion of coursework in another
state or country determined by the commission to be comparable and
equivalent shall meet this requirement.
   (6) Completion of the study of computer-based technology through
demonstration by course or examination of basic competence in the use
of computers in the classroom, and study of advanced computer-based
technology including the uses of technology in educational settings
pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 44259.
Completion of coursework in another state or country determined by
the commission as comparable and equivalent shall meet this
requirement.
   (7) Completion of a fifth-year program at an institution of higher
education determined by the commission to offer equivalent programs
and degrees to those offered in the United States, except that the
commission shall eliminate this requirement for any candidate who has
completed an induction program for beginning teachers.
   (8) A teacher holding a specialist credential pursuant to this
section shall complete the requirements for nonspecial education
pedagogy and a supervised field experience program in general
education pursuant to Section 44265.
   (9) A teacher holding a specialist credential pursuant to this
section shall complete a program for the Professional Level II
credential accredited by the Committee on Accreditation, established
pursuant to Section 44373 and the requirements specified in this
subdivision and subdivision (e).
44275.5.  (a) For purposes of Section 44275.3, a fee shall be levied
and collected by the commission for the issuance of the five-year
preliminary credential for out-of-state teachers.  Commencing January
1, 1999, the fee for the issuance of the five-year preliminary
credential for out-of-state teachers shall be up to two hundred
dollars ($200), as determined by the commission within its
discretion, in addition to any other fees required by statute, as
appropriate.
   (b) The proceeds of the fee levied and collected pursuant to
subdivision (a) shall be used to offset the costs of the out-of-state
teacher credential program established by, and to develop a tracking
system to ensure compliance with, Section 44275.3.
   (c) Annually, as part of the budget review process, the commission
shall recommend to the Legislature a level for the fee to be levied
and collected pursuant to subdivision (a) so that the fee may
generate sufficient revenues to  meet the goals set forth in
subdivision (b).  As part of the budget review process connected with
the legislative deliberations on the Budget Act of 1999, the
commission shall report to the Legislature on the level of revenue
that has been generated by the fee during the 1998-99 fiscal year.
44276.  (a) The Legislature hereby finds and declares that
California's public school pupils need quality instruction and
support in the areas of computer education in order to develop the
skills necessary for entry into an increasingly technological
society.  The Legislature recognizes that computers and other
technologies are an integral part of contemporary society and the
state educational system.
   It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section to
provide a statewide standard for the preparation of educational
personnel in the areas of computer education.
   (b) For purposes of this section, "computer education" means the
process of teaching pupils about computers.
   (c) The Commission on Teacher Credentialing, in consultation with
the Superintendent of Public Instruction, may develop and disseminate
voluntary standards for the training and performance of teachers and
resource personnel in the area of computer education.
44276.1.  (a) The Legislature finds and declares all of the
following:
   (1) The educational mission of schools may be thwarted when school
campuses are not safe, secure, and peaceful.
   (2) Effective school management can improve school safety and
decrease violence and criminal behavior.
   (3) In many school districts and neighborhoods, violence and
criminal behavior are increasingly frequent.
   (4) Teachers and other educators who are well prepared in
principles of school safety may be able to mitigate, to some degree,
the detrimental behavior of pupils and others on school campuses.
   (b) Therefore, it is the intent of the Legislature that a
comprehensive school safety plan be established pursuant to Section
35294.1 in order to achieve safe, secure, and peaceful school
campuses.  It is the further intent of the Legislature that the
Commission on Teacher Credentialing adopt standards that address the
principles of school safety in the preparation of future classroom
teachers, school administrators, school counselors, and other pupil
personnel service providers as a condition for licensing these
prospective practitioners.
   (c) Standards adopted by the commission pursuant to paragraph (3)
of subdivision (b) of Section 44259, and pursuant to Sections 44266,
44270, 44277, and 44372, shall include the effective preparation of
prospective classroom teachers, school administrators, school
counselors, and other pupil personnel service providers in principles
of school safety.  In developing these standards, the commission
shall consider, but is not limited to considering, the following
principles of school safety:
   (1) School management skills that emphasize crisis intervention
and conflict resolution.
   (2) Developing and maintaining a positive and safe school climate,
including methods to prevent the possession of weapons on school
campuses.
   (3) Developing school safety plans.
   (4) Developing ways to identify and defuse situations that may
lead to conflict or violence.
   (d) In developing standards relating to school safety, the
commission shall consider the findings and recommendations of an
advisory panel of experts on school violence.
   (e) The commission shall allow an institution of postsecondary
education to meet the standards developed by the commission relating
to school safety by incorporating the principles of school safety in
the program required by paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of Section
44259.
   (f) Implementation of subdivision (b) of this section as it
applies to paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of Section 44259 shall
occur in conjunction with the review of requirements for earning and
renewing multiple and single subject teaching credentials, as
required by Section 44259.3.
   (g) Instruction in principles of school safety shall be required
of all candidates for credentials specified in Sections 44259, 44266,
and 44270.
   (h) A credential that was issued prior to January 1, 1994, shall
remain in force as long as it is valid under the laws and regulations
that were in effect on the date it was issued.  The commission may
not, by regulation, invalidate an otherwise valid credential, unless
it issues to the holder of the credential, in substitution, a new
credential authorized by another provision in this chapter that is no
less restrictive than the credential for which it was substituted
with respect to the kind of service authorized and the grades,
classes, or types of schools in which it authorizes service.
   (i) Notwithstanding this section, persons who were performing
teaching, administrative, counseling, or other pupil personnel
services as of January 1, 1994, pursuant to the language of this
chapter that was in effect prior to that date, may continue to
perform those services without complying with any requirements added
by the amendments adding this section.
   (j) The commission shall grant credentials based on the
requirements for those credentials as of December 31, 1993, to
candidates who, prior to the effective date of the commission's
adoption of standards pursuant to this section, were in the process
of meeting those credential requirements.
44276.6.  It is the intent of the Legislature that the Commission on
Teacher Credentialing not duplicate the efforts of the State
Department of Education, Office of Criminal Justice Planning,
Department of the Youth Authority, and the School/Law Enforcement
Partnership in undertaking leadership activities directed toward
establishing appropriate standards of preparation for teachers and
other certificated personnel concerning violent behavior by pupils.
The commission shall consult with these agencies and consider
policies, programs, guidelines, other resource and training
materials, and experts, which these agencies have identified, funded,
or developed to reduce violent behavior by pupils.
44277.  The Legislature recognizes that effective professional
growth must continue to occur throughout the careers of all teachers,
in order that teachers remain informed of changes in pedagogy,
subject matter, and pupil needs.  In enacting this section, it is the
intent of the Legislature to establish professional growth
requirements that give individual teachers a wide range of options to
pursue as well as significant roles in determining the course of
their professional growth.
   (a) The minimum requirements for maintaining the validity of the
clear multiple or single subject teaching credential pursuant to
Section 44251 shall be both of the following:
   (1) Successful service as a classroom teacher or successful
service authorized by a services credential.  The minimum length of
service shall be equivalent to one-half of a school year.
   (2) Completion of an individual program of professional growth as
prescribed in this section and by the commission.
   (b) An individual program of professional growth shall consist of
a minimum of 150 clock hours of participation in activities that are
aligned with the California Standards for the Teaching Profession
that contribute to competence, performance, or effectiveness in the
profession of education and the teacher's classroom assignments.
Acceptable activities shall be defined by the commission to include,
among other acceptable activities, the completion of courses offered
by regionally accredited colleges and universities, including
instructor-led interactive courses delivered through online
technologies; participation in professional conferences, workshops,
teacher center programs, staff development programs, or a California
Reading Professional Development Program operated pursuant to Article
2 (commencing with Section 99220) of Chapter 5 of Part 65; service
as a mentor teacher pursuant to Section 44496; participation in
school curriculum development projects; participation in systematic
programs of observation and analysis of teaching; service in a
leadership role in a professional organization; and participation in
educational research or innovation efforts.  Employing agencies and
employees' bargaining agents may negotiate to agree on the terms of
programs of professional growth within their jurisdictions, provided
that the agreements shall be consistent with this section.
   (c) An individual program of professional growth shall be
developed and planned by the holder of a clear teaching credential.
   (d) Effective January 1, 1991, an individual program of
professional growth may include a basic course in cardiopulmonary
resuscitation, which includes training in the subdiaphragmatic
abdominal thrust (also known as the "Heimlich maneuver") and meets or
exceeds the standards established by the American Heart Association
or the American Red Cross for courses in that subject or minimum
standards for training programs established by the Emergency Medical
Services Authority.  Effective January 1, 2001, an individual program
of professional growth may also include a course in first aid that
meets or exceeds the standards established by the American Red Cross
for courses in that subject or minimum standards for training
programs established by the Emergency Medical Services Authority. A
teacher's participation in these training options shall count towards
the minimum 150 clock hours required to satisfy the professional
growth requirements.
   (e) Before a holder of a clear teaching credential commences or
amends an individual program of professional growth, a school
principal, a mentor teacher provided for in Section 44496, or other
district designee shall certify to the credential holder that the
planned program or amendment complies with this section and with
regulations of the commission.
   (f) A clear teaching credential shall be deemed to remain valid so
long as the holder of the credential, at five-year intervals,
submits to the commission verification by a school principal, a
mentor teacher, or other district designee that the holder has
satisfied the minimum requirements specified in subdivision (a).  In
the absence of adequate verification, the commission shall invalidate
the credential.  Verification by a school principal, a mentor
teacher, or other district designee shall be independent of any
evaluation of the performance of the holder of the clear teaching
credential that is conducted for the purpose of determining the
credential holder's employment status.  The arbitrary refusal of a
school principal, a mentor teacher, or other district designee to
verify completion of an individual program of professional growth
meeting the requirements of this section and commission regulations
shall constitute grounds for an appeal as prescribed in Section
44278.
44278.  A holder of a clear teaching credential may appeal an
adverse action by a school principal, a mentor teacher, or other
district designee related to professional growth.  The appeal shall
be presented to the commission, which shall rule in favor of the
appeal if it finds any of the following claims by the appellant to be
true:
   (a) That a school principal, a mentor teacher, or other district
designee has refused to agree to a planned individual program of
professional growth that satisfies the requirements of Section 44277,
or to a proposed modification in such a program.  Such a finding by
the commission shall be grounds for the designated agency to agree to
the planned program, or to the proposed modification program.
   (b) That a school principal, a mentor teacher, or other district
designee has refused to verify completion of an agreed program of
professional growth that satisfies the requirements of Section 44277.
  Such a finding by the commission shall be grounds for the
commission to maintain the validity of the clear teaching credential.
   (c) That bias, fraud, unfair discrimination, or arbitrary action
by a school principal, a mentor teacher, or other district designee
prevented the appellant from fulfilling the terms of an agreed
program of professional growth.  Such a finding by the commission
shall cause the commission to grant the appellant additional time,
not to exceed five years, for the appellant to fulfill the terms of
the agreed program, subject to verification by the commission.
44279.  The commission shall not issue to the holder of an
invalidated clear teaching credential another teaching credential of
the same type, as defined in Section 44256.
   (a) The holder of an invalidated clear teaching credential who has
not satisfied the requirements of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a)
of Section 44277, or who has not satisfied the requirements of
paragraphs (1) and (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 44277, shall be
eligible for a one-time two-year reinstatement of the clear teaching
credential.
   (b) The holder of an invalidated clear teaching credential who has
met the requirements of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section
44277 shall be deemed eligible for the reinstatement of the
credential when he or she has satisfied the requirements of paragraph
(2) of subdivision (a) of Section 44277 and all current standards
for the issuance of the clear teaching credential in effect at the
time of the submission of the application for reinstatement.