2014 Code of Alabama
Title 10A - ALABAMA BUSINESS AND NONPROFIT ENTITIES CODE.
Chapter 5A - LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES.
Section 10A-5A-1.08 - Limited liability company agreement - Scope; function; and limitations.

Section 10A-5A-1.08Limited liability company agreement - Scope; function; and limitations.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c):

(1) the limited liability company agreement governs relations among the members as members and between the members and the limited liability company; and

(2) to the extent the limited liability company agreement does not otherwise provide for a matter described in subsection (a)(1), this chapter governs the matter.

(b)(1) To the extent that, at law or in equity, a member or other person has duties, including fiduciary duties, to the limited liability company, or to another member or to another person that is a party to or is otherwise bound by a limited liability company agreement, the member's or other person's duties may be expanded or restricted or eliminated by a written limited liability company agreement, but the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing may not be eliminated.

(2) A written limited liability company agreement may provide for the limitation or elimination of any and all liabilities for breach of contract and breach of duties, including fiduciary duties, of a member or other person to a limited liability company or to another member or to another person that is a party to or is otherwise bound by a limited liability company agreement, but a limited liability company agreement may not limit or eliminate liability for any act or omission that constitutes a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

(3) A member or other person shall not be liable to a limited liability company or to another member or to another person that is a party to or is otherwise bound by a limited liability company agreement for breach of fiduciary duty for the member's or other person's good faith reliance on the limited liability company agreement.

(4) A limited liability company agreement may provide that:

(A) a member or transferee who fails to perform in accordance with, or to comply with the terms and conditions of, the limited liability company agreement shall be subject to specified penalties or specified consequences; and

(B) at the time or upon the happening of events specified in the limited liability company agreement, a member or transferee may be subject to specified penalties or specified consequences.

(5) A penalty or consequence that may be specified under paragraph (4) of this subsection may include and take the form of reducing or eliminating the defaulting member's or transferee's proportionate interest in a limited liability company, subordinating the member's or transferee's transferable interest to that of non-defaulting members or transferees, forcing a sale of that transferable interest, forfeiting the defaulting member's or transferee's transferable interest, the lending by other members or transferees of the amount necessary to meet the defaulting member's or transferee's commitment, a fixing of the value of the defaulting member's or transferee's transferable interest by appraisal or by formula and redemption or sale of the transferable interest at that value, or other penalty or consequence.

(6) A written limited liability company agreement may supersede, in whole or in part, the provisions of Division C of Article 3 of Chapter 1.

(c) A limited liability company agreement may not:

(1) vary the nature of the limited liability company as a separate legal entity under Section 10A-5A-1.04(a);

(2) vary the law applicable under Section 10A-5A-1.05;

(3) restrict the rights under this chapter of a person other than a member, dissociated member, or transferee;

(4) vary the power of the court under Section 10A-5A-2.05;

(5) eliminate the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing as provided under Section 10A-5A-1.08(b)(1);

(6) eliminate or limit the liability of a member or other person for any act or omission that constitutes a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing as provided under Section 10A-5A-1.08(b)(2);

(7) waive the requirements of Section 10A-5A-4.04(c);

(8) vary the law applicable under Section 10A-5A-4.06(c);

(9) reduce the limitations period specified under Section 10A-5A-4.06(d) for an action commenced under other applicable law;

(10) waive the prohibition on issuance of a certificate of a transferable interest in bearer form under Section 10A-5A-5.02(c);

(11) vary the power of a court to decree dissolution in the circumstances specified in Section 10A-5A-7.01(d) or in Section 10A-5A-11.09(e);

(12) vary the requirement to wind up a limited liability company's activities and affairs as specified in Section 10A-5A-7.02(a);

(13) vary the provisions of Section 10A-5A-8.01;

(14) vary the right of a member under Section 10A-5A-10.09; or

(15) waive the requirements of Section 10A-5A-11.02(b).

(Act 2014-144, §1.)