Kanayo Eugene Ubesie, Jr. v. The State of Texas--Appeal from County Court of Navarro County
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NO. 07-10-00152-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL B
JUNE 11, 2012
KANAYO EUGENE UBESIE, JR., APPELLANT
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
FROM THE COUNTY COURT OF NAVARRO COUNTY;
NO. 61,354; HONORABLE JOHN JACKSON, JUDGE
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.
OPINION
Appellant, Kanayo Eugene Ubesie, Jr., appeals his conviction for DWI and
resulting sentence of 180 days in the Navarro County Jail.1 On appeal, he challenges
the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain said conviction. We will affirm.
Factual and Procedural History
Best friends, appellant and Michael Migl, planned a trip from Arlington to Houston
to visit family. The friends loaded up in appellant’s car, but, before they embarked on
their journey, they stopped by a pharmacy and picked up prescriptions.
1
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 49.04(a) (West Supp. 2011).
Appellant
picked up Xanax, and Migl picked up both Xanax and codeine cough syrup. The two
men ingested their respective remedies and then started down IH-45 toward Houston.
When the two were in Navarro County, appellant noted a problem with the front
passenger-side tire. The wheels on appellant’s car were equipped with locking lug nuts
for security purposes. Apparently, when appellant first noticed the tire trouble, Migl had
reached into the glove compartment and gotten the specialized lug nut security device
that is necessary for the removal of the wheel. He put it in his pocket and, it seems,
forgot that it was there or that he had even retrieved it from the glove compartment. Not
realizing they had the security device, the two decided that they needed assistance.
Initially, appellant called AAA to seek assistance but learned that the wait would
be longer than he found acceptable. So, he opted to call 911 for help. According to the
911 operator, appellant explained to her that they needed help with a flat tire and were
located at or near exit 225 of southbound IH-45. Appellant’s 911 call was disconnected
for some reason, and the operator called him back shortly thereafter, at which time
appellant informed her that the two men were at the Citgo gas station in Angus.
Trooper Jeffrey Taylor of the Texas Department of Public Safety was dispatched
to the gas station at 8:31 p.m. and arrived there at 8:47 p.m., at which time he
encountered appellant and Migl. Right away, Taylor noticed that both men exhibited
slurred speech, unsteady gait, and confusion about the tool that was needed to fix the
tire. He also noted that both men’s eyes were very nearly closed. Though Taylor
admitted that both men were very difficult to understand, appellant consistently
answered that he was the driver of the vehicle and had driven to the gas station.
2
Taylor’s investigation confirmed that the car belonged to appellant or appellant’s father.
After speaking to the men and observing them for only a few minutes, Taylor knew that
“something just wasn’t right.” He reported to dispatch that the two were doing “weird
stuff” and “not making any sense,” and he surmised that “these guys are high as hell.”
They asked Taylor if they might borrow a jack from him. They also asked several
passing patrons for various tools. After Taylor explained that the two did not need a
jack, that they already had a jack, but needed the security adaptor device for the lug nut
instead, the two wandered off in an adjoining vacant lot and began looking for the
adaptor.
Sensing that further investigation was warranted, Taylor went inside to speak to
the station attendant for a few minutes, and, when he returned to the two young men,
the two had gotten back into the car and told Taylor that they were going to go to
another gas station to seek help for their flat tire. Taylor noticed that the two were
prepared to leave without the various tools they had amassed in an attempt to fix the
tire and also expressed to them his concerns over the safety of driving the vehicle when
the tire was down to the rim of the wheel. The two reassured him that they had already
spoken to another trooper about their predicament and that all was well, not realizing
that Taylor was, in fact, the same trooper to whom they had spoken only minutes
earlier.
At one point, Taylor asked appellant if everything was all right, and appellant
explained that his friend was messed up. Based on his observation of their peculiar
behavior, Taylor administered field sobriety tests (FSTs) to both men, who both failed.
3
Based on their poor performances on the FSTs, both men were arrested: appellant for
DWI and Migl for public intoxication.
Appellant was convicted of DWI, and, after occasioning much delay in the
appellate process, brings to this Court two points of error, only one of which presents a
viable issue: the sufficiency of the evidence of a temporal link between his operation of
the motor vehicle and his intoxication.2
Certification of Right to Appeal
As a preliminary matter, we note that the trial court’s certification of appellant’s
right to appeal showed that this case was not plea-bargained and that appellant had the
right to appeal.
However, because the certification did not include a notice that
appellant had been informed of his rights concerning appeal and his right to file a pro se
petition for discretionary review, this Court remanded the cause to the trial court
requesting a corrected certification. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(d), 37.1. The trial court
entered findings of fact and conclusions of law which included a finding that, even
though “the defendant and his attorney were individually noticed of the hearing [to
correct the defective certification],” “neither the defendant nor any defense or appellate
counsel appeared.” That said, this Court utilized Rule 37.1 in an effort to obtain a
corrected certification but did not receive a certification which included the required
admonishments.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 37.1; Dears v. State, 154 S.W.3d 610, 615
(Tex.Crim.App. 2005).
Nonetheless, because the certification in the record before us
2
Appellant challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to sustain
his conviction even though the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals eliminated factual
sufficiency review over ten months prior to the date appellant’s brief was filed. See
Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 912 (Tex.Crim.App. 2010).
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indicates that appellant has the right to appeal and this indication is supported by the
record, we will proceed to address the merits of appellant’s appeal. See Menefee v.
State, 287 S.W.3d 9, 12 n.12 (Tex.Crim.App. 2009).
Applicable Law and Standard of Review
To establish the offense of driving while intoxicated, the State must prove the
defendant was intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place. TEX. PENAL
CODE ANN. § 49.04(a); Stoutner v. State, 36 S.W.3d 716, 721 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st
Dist.] 2001, pet. ref’d) (op. on reh’g). The Texas Penal Code defines “intoxicated” as (1)
“not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of the introduction
of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug, a dangerous drug, a combination of two or
more of those substances, or any other substance into the body,” or (2) “having an
alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more.” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 49.01(2) (West 2011);
Russell v. State, 290 S.W.3d 387, 396 (Tex.App.—Beaumont 2009, no pet.). Appellant
was convicted of DWI under the “loss of normal faculties” definition of intoxicated. See
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 49.01(2)(A).
For the evidence to be sufficient to support a conviction for driving while
intoxicated, the record must establish a temporal link between the defendant’s
intoxication and his or her driving.
See Kuciemba v. State, 310 S.W.3d 460, 462
(Tex.Crim.App. 2010). That is, there must be some evidence of (1) how recently the
vehicle had been driven or (2) how much time had elapsed between an accident and
the arrival of police so as to furnish the jury with an informed basis for determining the
relationship, if any, between the defendant’s operation of the vehicle and his or her
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intoxication.
Stoutner, 36 S.W.3d at 721; Weaver v. State, 721 S.W.2d 495, 498
(Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1986, pet. ref’d). Indications that the defendant was
intoxicated when the police arrived do not, alone, establish that the defendant was
intoxicated at the time the defendant was driving. Stoutner, 36 S.W.3d at 721. Absent
evidence in the record to establish the time of the accident or the driving in a public
place, the evidence is insufficient to show that the defendant drove while intoxicated.
Id. A conviction can be supported solely by circumstantial evidence. Guevara v. State,
152 S.W.3d 45, 49 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004). “Circumstantial evidence is as probative as
direct evidence in establishing the guilt of an actor,” and “the standard of review on
appeal is the same for both direct and circumstantial evidence cases.” Id.
In assessing the sufficiency of the evidence, we review all the evidence in the
light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational trier of fact could
have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson
v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); Brooks, 323
S.W.3d at 912.
“[O]nly that evidence which is sufficient in character, weight, and
amount to justify a factfinder in concluding that every element of the offense has been
proven beyond a reasonable doubt is adequate to support a conviction.” Brooks, 323
S.W.3d at 917 (Cochran, J., concurring). We remain mindful that “[t]here is no higher
burden of proof in any trial, criminal or civil, and there is no higher standard of appellate
review than the standard mandated by Jackson.”
Id.
When reviewing all of the
evidence under the Jackson standard of review, the ultimate question is whether the
jury’s finding of guilt was a rational finding. See id. at 906–07 n.26 (discussing Judge
Cochran’s dissenting opinion in Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 448–50
6
(Tex.Crim.App. 2006), as outlining the proper application of a single evidentiary
standard of review). “[T]he reviewing court is required to defer to the jury’s credibility
and weight determinations because the jury is the sole judge of the witnesses’ credibility
and the weight to be given their testimony.” Id. at 899.
Analysis
Evidence of Intoxication
Appellant does not appear to challenge the evidence that, at the time he was
arrested, he was intoxicated within the meaning of Section 49.01(2)(A). Evidence of
intoxication may include (1) slurred speech, (2) bloodshot eyes, (3) the odor of alcohol
on the person, (4) the odor of alcohol on the breath, (5) unsteady balance, or (6) a
staggered gait. Harris v. State, 204 S.W.3d 19, 25 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
2006, pet. ref’d). Circumstantial evidence of intoxication may also be shown by the
manner in which an appellant managed his vehicle.
See Kennemur v. State, 280
S.W.3d 305, 313 (Tex.App.—Amarillo 2008, pet. ref’d).
Though appellant does not appear to specifically challenge the evidence
supporting his intoxication, he does point out that appellant’s blood was not taken until a
number of hours after Taylor first encountered the two men at the gas station.
In
response, we find it important to reiterate that the State alleged that appellant was
intoxicated, within the meaning of the Texas Penal Code, by having lost the normal use
of his mental or physical faculties.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 49.01(2)(A).
Therefore, the State was not required to prove the exact level of the drug(s) in
appellant’s system at the time he was driving, only that appellant had driven while
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having lost the normal use of his mental or physical faculties. See Jackson v. State, 50
S.W.3d 579, 587–88 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 2001, pet. ref’d); see also TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 49.01(2)(A). With that in mind, the fact that appellant’s blood was drawn hours
after Taylor’s initial encounter with the two young men is of little value in our analysis
here, other than indentifying the drugs the introduction of which led to appellant’s loss of
his normal use of his mental or physical faculties. In terms of the intoxication element,
the State was called to prove merely that Appellant lost the normal use of his mental or
physical faculties.
Temporal Link between Intoxication and Operation of Motor Vehicle
Evidence of the precise time of an accident or of driving is not the indispensable
element of the offense of driving while intoxicated. See Zavala v. State, 89 S.W.3d 134,
139 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.). Such evidence is, in itself, not critical,
except as it establishes the time during which the trier of fact must consider the
defendant’s state and determine whether, during that episode of driving, the defendant
was intoxicated. Id. So, the State must present evidence of the time at which the
defendant was driving so as “to furnish the jury with an informed basis for determining
the relationship, if any, between the [defendant]’s driving and his intoxication, if proven.”
Id. (quoting Kennedy v. State, 797 S.W.2d 695, 697 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
1990, no pet.)). We must look for evidence that links appellant’s driving and appellant’s
intoxication to determine the critical issue: whether there is evidence from which the trier
of fact can conclude that, at the time of the driving in question, whenever that might be,
appellant was intoxicated. See id. We remain mindful that the jury may draw multiple
8
reasonable inferences as long as each inference is supported by the evidence
presented at trial. See Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 15 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007).
Appellant anchors his contention on the premise that he was already at the gas
station at the time of his call to 911 and that, therefore, the State failed to prove that he
operated his vehicle after he made the 911 call. First, his premise is contrary to record
evidence indicating that appellant called 911 from the interstate and then proceeded to
the gas station before the 911 operator called back or during this second exchange with
the 911 operator, which lasted several minutes.3 Secondly, though appellant makes
much over his location and whether he operated a vehicle after he first called 911, we
do not find it necessary to rely on this beginning point for a timeline. Regardless of
whether appellant drove after he called 911, appellant indicated that he was driving the
vehicle at or immediately before the time he made the 911 call. He also identified
himself as the driver to Trooper Taylor several times at the gas station.
We also have uncontroverted testimony from Migl that appellant was driving that
night and that Migl never once got behind the wheel. That said, regardless of the
evidence appellant claims as suggesting that appellant was already at the gas station
3
Migl’s testimony regarding the sequence of that night’s events suggests that
appellant made the 911 call from the interstate and proceeded to the gas station and
arrived there at about the time the 911 operator called appellant back, all of which the
jury was free to believe and all of which is consistent with the 911 operator’s testimony
regarding the content of the call, the road noise she heard, and appellant’s
announcement, when she returned his call, that the two were at the gas station. To the
extent other record evidence conflicts with Migl’s and the 911 operator’s testimony, it
lies within the jury’s exclusive province to resolve such conflicts, contradictions, and
inconsistencies in evidence.
See Bowden v. State, 628 S.W.2d 782, 784
(Tex.Crim.App. 1982) (op. on reh’g). And we must afford due deference to the jury’s
verdict when its verdict is reasonably supported by the record. See Marshall v. State,
210 S.W.3d 618, 625 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006).
9
when he called 911 (and, therefore, as his argument goes, did not operate the vehicle
after the 911 call), we have uncontroverted evidence that appellant was the driver of the
vehicle at or very shortly before the time at which he made the 911 call: 8:23 pm. The
record shows that Taylor arrived at the gas station and first encountered appellant and
Migl at 8:47 pm. So, the evidence links appellant’s operation of a motor vehicle around
8:23 and his intoxication–his loss of normal mental or physical faculties–when Taylor
arrived twenty-four minutes later and noted that “something just wasn’t right” with
appellant, who was confused, stumbling, slurring his speech, behaving in a bizarre
manner, and barely able to keep his eyes open. This temporal link between operation
and intoxication is sufficient evidence upon which the jury could have reasonably found
beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was intoxicated while operating a motor
vehicle.4 Accordingly, we overrule his issue.
Conclusion
Having overruled the sole viable issue appellant has presented for our review, we
affirm the trial court’s judgment of conviction.
Mackey K. Hancock
Justice
Publish.
4
Further, we note that the record establishes that appellant and Migl got into the
car and were prepared to leave when Taylor returned to the car from speaking with the
gas station clerk. Taylor testified that appellant had started the car in furtherance of
their goal of getting to the next gas station and seeking help there. Shortly after Taylor
convinced them not to undertake that mission, he administered FSTs, which both men
failed. So, the record may provide a further link between appellant’s operation of the
vehicle at that time to his intoxication as demonstrated not only by his strange behavior
but also by his poor performance on the FSTs shortly thereafter.
10
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