Mehdipour v. Holland

Mehdipour v. Holland
2000 OK 22
18 P.3d 339
71 OBJ 927
Case Number: 92034
Decided: 04/04/2000
Mandate Issued: 01/24/2001
Supreme Court of Oklahoma

Ali Mehdipour, Appellee/Counter-Appellant,
v.
Kenneth Holland, Appellant/Counter-Appellee

CERTIORARI TO COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS, DIVISION III

¶0 Buyer brought action for specific performance of real estate contract. District Court, Oklahoma County, Honorable John M. Amick, granted specific performance. Court of Civil Appeals, Division 2, reversed and pronounced legal test to be applied by trial court on remand. Trial court applied test and granted specific performance but denied Buyer rental value of property for period in which possession was wrongfully withheld. Both parties appealed. Court of Civil Appeals, Division 3, held that Division 2 had misstated legal test in prior appeal of this matter.

CERTIORARI PREVIOUSLY GRANTED;
OPINION OF COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS VACATED;
JUDGMENT OF TRIAL COURT AFFIRMED IN PART;
REVERSED IN PART; CAUSE REMANDED TO TRIAL
COURT WITH DIRECTIONS.

Ali Mehdipour appears in person and by counsel, Lauren LeBlanc Day, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for Appellee/Counter-Appellant.
James E. Howard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for Appellant/Counter-Appellee.

HODGES, J.

[18 P.3d 340]

¶1 This is a suit for specific performance of a real estate purchase contract and the fair rental value of the property during the time possession was wrongfully withheld. The primary issue in this appeal is whether the Court of Civil Appeals failed to follow the law of the case from a previous appeal. This Court holds that it did. The opinion is vacated and the cause is remanded to the trial court with directions.

¶2 Kenneth Holland (Seller) deals in automobile salvage and scrap metal. Ali Mehdipour (Buyer) is a mechanic. Buyer and his brother purchased automobile parts from Seller and sold him salvage vehicles for scrap.

¶3 In August, 1993, both Buyer and Seller were bidders at a real estate auction in Oklahoma City. Buyer was high bidder on tract 6 at $7,000.00. The auctioneer then offered a group of three tracts which included tract 6. Seller was high bidder on the three tracts at $36,000.00. Seller offered to sell Buyer tract 6 for $7,000.00. Buyer and Seller executed a written contract. It provided that Buyer would pay Seller $700.00 as ten percent down on tract 6 and that Seller would convey tract 6 to Buyer when he completed his purchase of the group of three tracts from the auction seller. Buyer tendered a check to Seller for $700.00. Seller completed his purchase of the three auction tracts. Seller then attempted to rescind the agreement to sell tract 6 to Buyer. When Seller returned Buyer's check, Buyer returned it with a demand letter. When the demand did not avail him, Buyer brought this action for specific performance.

¶4 Seller represented himself until summary judgment was entered against him. Seller moved for a new trial asserting for the first time that he had been adjudicated incompetent and placed under guardianship

PRIOR APPEAL

¶5 In an unpublished opinion, Division 2 of the Court of Civil Appeals applied title 15, section 24 of the Oklahoma Statutes which provides:

After his incapacity has been judicially determined, a person of unsound mind can make no conveyance or other contract, nor designate any power, nor waive any right, until his restoration to capacity is judicially determined. But if actually restored to capacity, he may make a will, though his restoration is not thus determined.

It reversed the grant of summary judgment to Buyer and remanded the case to the trial court. The trial court was directed to make the factual findings necessary to apply an exception to section 24 found in Nichols v. Clement Mortgage Co.,

¶6 On remand, following a trial to the bench, the trial court determined that Buyer had not established that Seller's guardianship had been abandoned. Buyer did establish, however, that he had "dealt in good faith with the adjudicated incompetent without notice of the actual guardianship." The trial court then granted specific performance noting that the formulation of the Nichols exception provided by Division 2 had become [18 P.3d 341] the law of the case. Under that formulation, Buyer had only to establish abandonment of the guardianship or that he dealt in good faith with no notice. The trial court refused, however, to award Buyer the fair rental value of the property during which possession was wrongfully withheld from him.

CURRENT APPEAL

¶7 Seller appealed the grant of specific performance again. Buyer counter- appealed the trial court's refusal to award fair rental value. The case was assigned to the Court of Civil Appeals, Division 3. That court reversed the trial court's grant of specific performance stating: "We agree with [Seller] that this court's prior opinion erroneously used 'or' in the statement of the Nichols exception." Division 3 held that the "or" in the prior opinion should have been "and". It concluded that the "mistaken statement of the exception" was not the law of the case. Because Buyer had not established that Seller's guardianship had been abandoned, the contract was held to be void and the grant of specific performance was reversed. This holding made Buyer's claim for fair rental value of the property moot. Buyer petitioned for certiorari review which this Court granted.

LAW OF THE CASE

¶8 "The decision of the appellate court on an issue of law becomes the law of the case, once the decision is final and unreversed, in all subsequent stages." In re Estate of Severns,

Each division of the Court of Civil Appeals shall have power to determine or otherwise dispose of any case assigned to it by the Supreme Court, and its decision in the case, when final, shall be neither appealable to the Supreme Court nor be subject to reexamination by another division of the Court of Civil Appeals.

Okla. Stat. tit. 12, ch. 15, app. (Supp.1997).

¶9 Seller's only avenue of challenge to the holding was by writ of certiorari to this Court. Because Seller failed to do so, he may not challenge the holding in this appeal. The legal test pronounced in the first appeal became the law of the case when mandate issued to the trial court. The Court of Civil Appeals was not free to re-write or modify that holding in a subsequent appeal. The holding may not be dismissed as a typographical error. Once the holding became the law of the case it was to be applied in subsequent proceedings, not "corrected."

¶10 Buyer satisfied the legal test pronounced in the first appeal by demonstrating to the trial court that he dealt fairly with no notice of Seller's guardianship. The judgment of the trial court on the issue of specific performance is affirmed.

FAIR RENTAL VALUE OF THE PROPERTY

¶11 Buyer sought the fair rental value of the property during the time he was denied possession. He presented undisputed evidence that the fair rental value of the property was between $350 and $550 per month. The trial court declined to allow rental value because Buyer "hasn't been out any money." That, however, is not the standard to be applied to Buyer's request.

¶12 Section 62 of title 23 of the Oklahoma Statutes provides:

The detriment caused by the wrongful occupation of real property . . . is deemed to be the value of the use of the property for the time of such occupation, not [18 P.3d 342] exceeding six (6) years next preceding the commencement of the action or proceeding to enforce the right to damages, and the costs, if any, of recovering the possession.

When specific performance is granted, the value of the use of the property is the reasonable rental on the property from the time that a buyer should have taken possession. Smith v. Owens,

¶13 The trial court's refusal to grant Buyer the fair rental value of the property is reversed. On remand, the trial court is directed to grant the fair rental value of the property from the time he should have been given possession.

CERTIORARI PREVIOUSLY GRANTED;
OPINION OF COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS VACATED;
JUDGMENT OF TRIAL COURT AFFIRMED IN PART;
REVERSED IN PART; CAUSE REMANDED TO TRIAL
COURT WITH DIRECTIONS.

¶14 Summers, C.J., Hargrave, V.C.J., Hodges, Lavender, Opala, Kauger, Watt, Winchester, JJ., concur.

¶15 Boudreau, J., disqualified.

FOOTNOTES