State v. Chase

58 S.E.2d 364 (1950)

231 N.C. 589

STATE v. CHASE.

No. 147.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

March 22, 1950.

*365 Attorney General Harry McMullan and Assistant Attorney General T. W. Bruton, for the State.

Proctor & Dameron, Marion, for defendant.

DENNY, Justice.

The defendant assigns as error the following portion of his Honor's charge: "If the State of North Carolina has satisfied you beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant, Otis Chase, unlawfully and by means of force and placing in fear the person of the witness Williams, without consent, and against his will and wilfully carried away without felonious intent to deprive the true owner of said money and to appropriate any part of it to his own use, the Court instructs you to return a verdict of Guilty of Common Law Robbery."

There is error in this portion of the charge, in that the jury is instructed that it may return a verdict of guilty of common law robbery, even though it finds the taking was without felonious intent. State v. Lunsford, 229 N.C. 229, 49 S.E.2d 410.

The defendant objects and excepts, not only to this portion of the charge, but to other parts as well, wherein the jury was instructed it might return a verdict of guilty of common law robbery on the ground that all the evidence clearly indicated that if the defendant was guilty of any robbery he was guilty of robbery with firearms.

We concede that upon the evidence adduced in the trial below it would have been proper to have limited the jury to one of two verdicts: Guilty of robbery with firearms or not guilty. State v. Bell, 228 N.C. 659, 46 S.E.2d 834; State v. Sawyer, 224 N.C. 61, 29 S.E.2d 34; State v. Manning, 221 N.C. 70, 18 S.E.2d 821; State v. Cox, 201 N.C. 357, 160 S.E. 358. But his Honor elected to instruct the jury that if the State had failed to satisfy it beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was guilty of "armed robbery", it might return a verdict of guilty of common law robbery. Conceding this to be error, we have consistently held that such error is not harmful to the defendant. Brown, J., in speaking for the Court in State v. Quick, 150 N.C. 820, 64 S.E. 168, 170, said: "Suppose the court erroneously submitted to the jury a view of the case not supported by evidence, whereby the jury were permitted, if they saw fit, to convict of manslaughter instead of murder, what right has the defendant to complain? It is an error prejudicial to the state, and not to him." To like effect is State v. Matthews, 142 N.C. 621, 55 S.E. 342. "An error on the side of mercy is not reversible". State v. Fowler, 151 N.C. 731, 66 S.E. 567. State v. Rowe, 155 N.C. 436, 71 S.E. 332; State v. Casey, 159 N.C. 474, 74 S.E. 625; State v. Blackwell, 162 N.C. 672, 78 S.E. 316.

Moreover, robbery is not divided into separate offenses by the statute. G.S. § 14-87. As Barnhill, J., said in State v. Jones, 227 N.C. 402, 42 S.E.2d 465, 467: "The primary purpose and intent of the Legislature in enacting Chap. 187, P.L. 1929, now G.S. § 14-87, was to provide for more severe punishment for the commission of robbery when such offense is committed or attempted with the use or threatened use of firearms or other dangerous weapons. It does not add to or subtract from the common-law offense of robbery except to provide that when firearms or other dangerous weapons are used in the commission or attempted commission of the offense sentence shall be imposed as therein directed. State v. Keller, 214 N.C. 447, 199 S.E. 620."

If the instruction on common law robbery to which defendant excepts, were correct, we would not disturb the verdict below. G.S. § 15-170. However, since such instruction was not in substantial compliance with the requirements of the law, the defendant is entitled to a new trial.

*366 It is quite possible the charge as certified may not be correct. Even so, we have checked the part set out herein, to which the defendant excepts, with the certified transcript from the court below, and it is in accord therewith; and this Court is bound by the record as certified. State v. Cockrell, 230 N.C. 110, 52 S.E.2d 7; Mason v. Moore County Board of Commissioners, 229 N.C. 626, 51 S.E.2d 6; State v. Robinson, 229 N.C. 647, 50 S.E.2d 740.

The new trial will be on the bill of indictment charging the defendant with robbery with firearms, as laid. The verdicts rendered by the jury in the trial below, on the bill charging the defendant with robbery with firearms, were bottomed on the same, not separate, counts. State v. Hampton, 210 N.C. 283, 186 S.E. 251. Therefore, the verdicts rendered on this bill will be disregarded and the trial will be de novo. State v. Correll, 229 N.C. 640, 50 S.E.2d 717, in which opinion Winborne, J., cited our numerous cases in support of this view. See also Trono v. United States, 199 U.S. 521, 26 S. Ct. 121, 50 L. Ed. 292, 4 Ann.Cas. 773.

For the reasons stated, there must be a

New trial.