CLARENCE SEALS v. MIA MOORE SEALS
Annotate this CaseNOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-5856-17
CLARENCE SEALS,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
MIA MOORE SEALS,
Defendant-Appellant.
Submitted November 18, 2020 – Decided February 10, 2021
Before Judges Alvarez and Sumners.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Family Part, Essex County, Docket
No. FM-07-1981-12.
Mia Moore Seals, appellant pro se.
Clarence Seals, respondent pro se.
PER CURIAM
This highly contentious divorce was tried on sixteen days over
approximately nine months. The Family Part judge's June 29, 2018 forty-eight-
page decision comprehensively addressed child support, alimony, counsel fees,
expert fees, and the equitable distribution of assets and liabilities acquired
during this thirty-year marriage. We affirm the decision, based on the judge's
cogent analysis regarding all financial issues, other than some of the allocation
of equitable distribution of credits and debits.1 As to those, we remand.
We consider most of defendant Mia Moore Seals's points on appeal to be
so lacking in merit as to not warrant discussion in a written opinion. R.
2:11-3(e)(1)(E). That conclusion is based on the judge's reasoning, findings of
facts based on the evidence in the record, and his even-handed application of
relevant laws, including the child support and alimony statutes. The judge found
both parties to be credible witnesses, although he considered plaintiff's
testimony more reliable. Additionally, some of the issues defendant seeks to
have reviewed on appeal were not raised at trial, nor did she present any proofs
about them.
In order to place our decision in the appropriate context, we set forth the
following. The parties have two children, born in 1996 and 2001. The older
1
The judge's decision regarding each party's contribution to the younger son's
college expenses is included in his written opinion, but not the amended
judgment. A further amendment is warranted to clarify each parent is
responsible for a proportional share.
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2
child basically refused to have contact with his father since at least the filing of
the divorce complaint, requiring expert intervention and the participation of a
guardian ad litem, in an ultimately unsuccessful effort to reunite father and child.
Plaintiff Clarence Seals had attempted to address what he perceived to be
the alienation of the child's affections. He was excluded from the child's life,
including the child's college selection process. At this juncture, the child has
graduated from college.
The parties share joint physical and legal custody of the younger child.
The judge ordered them to fund the costs of the child's college education,
proportionate to their income at the time, with the further proviso that if
defendant is then unemployed, $58,000 annual income would be imputed to her.
The marital home went into foreclosure during the pendency of the
divorce. Plaintiff was required to make certain payments on account of the
property. The payments were disputed at trial. They will be more specifically
addressed in the relevant section of the opinion. The parties are self-represented
on appeal; defendant was self-represented during most of the trial proceedings.
The following are defendant's points:
POINT 1
THE COURT ERRED IN AWARDING CHILD
SUPPORT.
A-5856-17
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POINT A
THE COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO
AWARD CHILD SUPPORT FOR [the parties'
older child], A 21-YEAR OLD FULL-TIME
COLLEGE STUDENT.
POINT B
THE COURT ERRED IN AWARDING CHILD
SUPPORT FOR [the younger child] AND DID
NOT ADEQUATELY CONSIDER OR
EXPLAIN FACTORS UNDER N.J.S.A. 2A:34-
23(a) FOR FAMILIES WITH INCOMES
EXCEEDING NEW JERSEY CHILD SUPPORT
GUIDELINES.
POINT 2
THE COURT ERRED BY NOT DISTRIBUTING
MARITAL DEBT ON DEFENDANT’S CIS
ACQUIRED DURING THE MARRIAGE.
POINT 3
THE COURT IGNORED RELEVANT AND
MATERIAL FACTS AND DID NOT ADEQUATELY
CONSIDER OR EXPLAIN A NUMBER OF
RELEVANT FACTORS RESULTING IN AN
UNJUST ALIMONY AWARD.
POINT 4
THE COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN
DENYING AN ADJUSTMENT OF PENDENTE LITE
SUPPORT.
POINT 5
THE COURT ABUSED DISCRETION BY
UNJUSTLY ENRICHING PLAINTIFF FOR
VIOLATING THE PENDENTE ORDER AND
AMASSING 401(K) ASSETS POST-COMPLAINT
A-5856-17
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WHILE DISSIPATING MARITAL ASSETS AND
NOT PAYING ORDER[ED] SUPPORT FOR YEARS.
POINT 6
THE COURT ERRED BY CREDITING PLAINTIFF
FOR ALLEGED PAYMENTS TO CREDITORS
PENDENTE LITE WITH NO PROOF OF
PAYMENTS OR ACCOUNTING FOR DEBT
ACCUMULATED ON THOSE ACCOUNTS
PENDENTE LITE.
POINT 7
THE COURT ERRED BY CREDITING PLAINTIFF
$29,000 FOR ALLEGED PAYMENTS FOR
UTILITIES IN A VACANT, FORECLOSED HOME
WITHOUT PROOF OR CONSIDERATION OF
REASONABLENESS WHILE PLAINTIFF WAS IN
VIOLATION OF PENDENTE ORDER FOR SAME
EXPENSES.
POINT 8
THE COURT ERRED BY DENYING CREDIT TO
DEFENDANT FOR PAYMENTS MADE TO CHASE
VISA PLAINTIFF HAD BEEN ORDERED TO PAY
PENDENTE LITE.
POINT 9
THE COURT ERRED BY NOT ADEQUATELY
CONSIDERING OR EXPLAINING A NUMBER OF
RELEVANT FACTORS IN EQUITABLE
DISTRIBUTION LEADING TO AN UNJUST
ALLOCATION AND DISSIPATION OF MARITAL
ASSETS.
POINT 10
THE COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY NOT
ADEQUATELY CONSIDERING OR EXPLAINING
RELEVANT FACTORS IN DENYING COUNSEL
A-5856-17
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FEES AND NOT REALLOCATING LITIGATION-
RELATED EXPENSES.
POINT 11
THE COURT ERRED BY NOT APPLYING OR
CONSIDERING RELEVANT FACTORS IN
DETERMINING COLLEGE EXPENSE SUPPORT
FOR OWEN.
POINT 12
THE COURT ERRED BY NOT AWARDING
DEFENDANT CREDIT FOR [HER] SHARE OF
$8,500 MARITAL ASSET, 2007 LEXUS GRANTED
PLAINTIFF TO USE AS TRADE-IN FOR NEW CAR
IN APRIL 2018.
POINT 13
THE COURT ERRED BY FAILING TO AWARD
DEFENDANT [AN] EQUITABLE SHARE OF
PLAINTIFF’S SEVERANCE PACKAGE FROM
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON IN AUGUST 2013.
POINT 14
THE COURT ERRED IN ADMINISTRATION OF
JUSTICE BY INTERRUPTING DEFENDANT’S
CROSS-EXAMINATION AND TESTIMONY AND
INSTRUCTING HER TO MAKE POINTS DURING
CLOSING ARGUMENTS THAT COURT
INDICATED WOULD OCCUR MULTIPLE TIMES
DURING TRIAL, AND THEN DENYING THOSE
CLOSING ARGUMENTS.
We comment only on points five through eight, and thirteen.
A family court's order pertaining to equitable distribution is reviewed "to
determine whether the court has abused its discretion." La Sala v. La Sala, 335
A-5856-17
6 N.J. Super. 1, 6 (App. Div. 2000). In other words, "[w]e must determine
'whether the trial court mistakenly exercised its broad authority to divide the
parties' property or whether the result reached was bottomed on a misconception
of law or findings of fact that are contrary to the evidence.'" Sauro v. Sauro,
425 N.J. Super. 555, 573 (App. Div. 2012) (quoting Genovese v. Genovese, 392 N.J. Super. 215, 223 (App. Div. 2007)).
In conducting such a review, this court must balance "the need for a check
on unbridled discretion in the trial court against affording a trial [de novo] in
this court. An equitable distribution will be affirmed even if this court would
not have made the same division of assets as the trial judge." Perkins v. Perkins,
159 N.J. Super. 243, 247-48 (App. Div. 1978). "Because of the family courts'
special jurisdiction and expertise in family matters, appellate courts should
accord deference" to the factual findings of the family judge. Cesare v. Cesare,
154 N.J. 394, 413 (1998). "Deference is especially appropriate 'when the
evidence is largely testimonial and involves questions of credibility.'" Id. at 412
(quoting In re Return of Weapons to J.W.D., 149 N.J. 108, 117 (1997)). We
reverse only if the family judge's conclusions are "clearly mistaken" or "wide of
the mark," to "ensure that there is not a denial of justice." Parish v. Parish, 412
A-5856-17
7 N.J. Super. 39, 48 (App. Div. 2010) (quoting N.J. Div. of Youth & Fam. Servs.
v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104 (2008)).
In the court’s written decision regarding equitable distribution, it listed
the sixteen factors enumerated in N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23.1. We reiterate the
discussion. Specifically, regarding factor six—"[t]he economic circumstances
of each party at the time the division of property becomes effective"—court
found plaintiff was employed and earning a base salary of $224,000, w ith the
potential for bonuses. N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23.1(f). The court imputed income of
$58,000 to defendant, exclusive of alimony. Neither party had significant
savings or assets. Generally, the court in most instances divided the marital
assets and liabilities equally.
Regarding factor seven—"[t]he income and earning capacity of each
party"—the court found both parties were well-educated, and should in the
foreseeable future continue to earn incomes at their current levels.
Regarding factor nine—"[t]he contribution of each party to the
acquisition, dissipation, [or] preservation . . . of the marital property"—the court
found "the parties shared equally in the acquisition of assets and debts."
A-5856-17
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I.
Contrary to defendant's argument on appeal, the trial judge did not abuse
his discretion in disagreeing that plaintiff dissipated assets. We briefly touch
upon some of defendant's arguments involving issues not included in the
remand, on which we affirm the trial judge's rulings.
In order to determine whether conduct constitutes dissipation of marital
assets, in Kothari, we stated:
In resolving this issue, courts have considered a variety
of factors, including, "most commonly," the following:
(1) the proximity of the expenditure to the
parties' separation, (2) whether the
expenditure was typical of expenditures
made by the parties prior to the breakdown
of the marriage, (3) whether the
expenditure benefitted the "joint" marital
enterprise or was for the benefit of one
spouse to the exclusion of the other, and (4)
the need for, and amount of, the
expenditure.
The question ultimately to be answered by a weighing
of these considerations is whether the assets were
expended by one spouse with the intent of diminishing
the other spouse's share of the marital estate.
[ 255 N.J. Super. at 507 (citations omitted).]
The judge considered the parties' conduct during the litigation, ultimately
concluding that the positions advanced at trial were reasonable and maintained
A-5856-17
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by the parties in good faith. We agree with the judge's conclusion that plaintiff
did not expend assets with the intent to reduce the marital estate.
For example, defendant objects to the court allowing plaintiff to retain
sole ownership of his post-divorce-complaint 401(k). When plaintiff's
employment with one bank ended in 2013 and he became re-employed in June
2014, he resumed contributions to his 401(k) plan. He initially said the
payments were mandatory—although when shown paycheck documents on
cross-examination, had to agree that the plan was voluntary. Plaintiff explained
he "chose not to opt out of the plan because the [c]ourt didn't say I couldn't save
money." He had earlier been ordered not to contribute to his 401(k) to ensure
that maximum cash flow was available to the family during the pending
proceedings. Plaintiff testified that despite the 401(k) contributions, he
maintained his pendente lite obligations. The judge found in accord with clear
precedent that plaintiff should therefore be permitted to retain his post-divorce
savings. See Steneken v. Steneken, 367 N.J. Super. 427, 440 (App. Div. 2004)
(holding retirement assets "attributable to post-divorce employment [are] not
subject to equitable distribution").
The judge did divide a pre-divorce-complaint deferred equity plan from a
prior employer, however. It contained stocks, some of which had been
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previously sold for payment of the guardian ad litem appointed by the court with
regard to the oldest child. That pre-divorce-complaint asset was subject to
equitable distribution.
There is no doubt that plaintiff made voluntary payments to his 401(k)
contrary to a court order. But that fact alone does not make the account subject
to equitable distribution. He acquired the asset while simultaneously satisfying
his support obligations and other pendente lite financial responsibilities . The
point of the order was not to include an asset otherwise not eligible for equitable
distribution in the marital estate, but to ensure plaintiff had sufficient cash to
comply with the pendente lite orders. The 401(k) was not established until two
years after he filed for divorce. Defendant's further assertion that plaintiff
should not be entitled to reap the benefit of his entire 401(k) account because it
would unjustly enrich him has no basis in the law and does not warrant further
discussion. See R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
In a similar fashion, defendant contends the court abused its discretion by
not awarding her credit for a severance package plaintiff received in Augus t
2013. However, defendant did not make the argument to the trial court. It "is a
well-settled principle that appellate courts should decline to consider issues not
fully presented at trial unless the issues are jurisdictional or concern matters of
A-5856-17
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great public interest." Winer v. Winer, 241 N.J. Super. 510, 524 (App. Div.
1990) (quoting Matter of Board of Educ. of Town of Boonton, 99 N.J. 523, 536
(1985)). That standard is not met here. Defendant was aware of the severance
package, and thus should have brought it to the trial court's attention during that
trial.
Defendant asserts she omitted the severance package because she was
unaware of the law. Ignorance of the law here does not entitle her to a remand
where she had the opportunity to raise this issue at trial. See R. 2:12-2 (noting
issues not raised at trial are only addressed on appeal where "interests of justice"
require). Further, part of this severance package–defendant's bonus for the 2013
performance year received in February 2014–was already distributed to her
pursuant to the April 11, 2014 order's bonus distribution provision.
Consequently, this is not an appropriate issue for consideration on remand.
II.
Defendant also contends that the judge erred in calculating equitable
distribution by crediting plaintiff with half of $29,343, which he testified he paid
towards the utilities at the former marital residence since the filing of the divorce
complaint. Beginning on July 31, 2012, plaintiff was ordered to pay those
expenses. Schedule A expenses for utilities came to $1027 monthly. Plaintiff
A-5856-17
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testified he paid all the utility bills for the marital residence during 2012, 2013,
and 2014. Defendant vacated the home in September 2015, and it was
demolished after foreclosure in December 2016. In his written summation
statement, plaintiff claimed that defendant did not provide all the bills associated
with the upkeep of the marital home, but he nonetheless paid $29,343 towards
the utilities.
Defendant alleges that plaintiff lied. If he did not lie, then she argues he
should not be compensated for "absurd spending[,]" and adds that he provided
no documentation in support of the alleged payments. In his written summation,
plaintiff asserted to the contrary that he not only paid for the utilities, he paid
for the property landscaping to be maintained, as he feared that after foreclosure
the parties would owe additional sums. When the property was sold for $1.01
million, the parties had no personal liability on the first mortgage , a substantial
benefit to both.
Plaintiff contends the evidence regarding this issue was supplied in his
summation statement and on appeal relies on the court's factual findings. It is
not clear to us from the record if plaintiff ever actually documented how he
arrived at the specific total. Although we disagree with defendant that if the
payments were made, they were "absurd[,]" and he should be denied a credit for
A-5856-17
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that reason, plaintiff should document those expenses. Thus, on remand,
plaintiff must document the payments before the judge decides the matter. The
judge will render his decision with regard to pendente lite utility and
maintenance payment for the former marital home based on documentation.
III.
Defendant challenges the credit the court calculated for plaintiff's
pendente lite payments on a Citibank Visa account. The court found there was
a $7050 balance remaining on the account, apportioning it evenly between the
parties. Plaintiff claimed he paid the balance at the rate of $100 per month since
2012, but that nonetheless there was a balance of $7950 on the card as of June
2017. He testified that the amount of debt on the card was close to $13,000
when the complaint was filed. In his summation statement, he asserted the total
he paid was $8693, with a balance remaining of $7050. Most likely the
difference in calculations results from interest accumulating on the outstanding
balance. During the remand hearing, plaintiff must produce the proofs necessary
to clarify that point.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part. We do not retain jurisdiction.
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